AMERICA'S WAR AGAINST TERRORISM World Trade Center/Pentagon Terrorism and the Aftermath

Chronologies of Terrorist Attack

• British Broadcasting Corporation
  • Timeline of September 11 and videos
• CNN
  • Archived timeline for September 11

Comprehensive Sources

• Annotated Bibliography of Government Documents Related to the Threat of Terrorism and the Attacks of September 11, 2001 (Oklahoma Dept. of Libraries
  • Comprehensive 95-page bibliography of reports and press releases of federal government web sites
  • Subjects include the aftermath of 9/11, global terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, Congressional and Presidential actions, and U.S. foreign relations
  • Each entry has web address and often a Superintendent of Documents classification number
  • PDF format with options for the entire report and three individual sections

• September 11, 2001 Attacks (Wikipedia)
  Concise summary of what happened, who was responsible, and conjecture as to why
  • Numerous references to articles and 9/11 Commission Report

News Sources

• ABC News
  • Archived by the Library of Congress
• Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis (UMich Only)
  • Numerous news stories and updated news wires
  • See News/Major Newspapers for national and some international coverage
  • See News/World Newspapers for greater international coverage
• Alternative Resources to the War Against Terrorism (Social Responsibilities Round Table/ALA)
  • Unannotated links to U.S. news sources against the war on terrorism
  • Scattered petitions
• CNN
  • Provided the premier television coverage
  • Web site includes pictures, chronology, and emergency information
  • CNN Presents has special reports on women in Afghanistan, Islam, and tracking the terrorists
• Hot Topics (Evergreen State College)
  • Detailed links to news stories from a variety of government and non-government sources
  • Graphics illustrating the events
• Disaster News Room
  • Well organized web links on the September 11th disaster and its aftermath
  • Sources are prominent news web sites, including ABC, Nando Times
  • Sections on terrorism, the investigation, toxic threats, memorials, survival gear, military news
  • Browsable and searchable
• MSNBC
  • Coverage archived, September-December 2001
• Newseum: Attack on America
  • Color images of 70 newspaper front pages from the U.S. and around the world on September 12, 2001
  • Public opinion poll about newspaper coverage
  • Coverage: Newseum is a museum on the press located near the Pentagon
• September 11th News
  • Archived news coverage of September 11th and its aftermath from major news sources
  • Arranged by subject, such as images, mysteries, Bush and Bin Laden speeches, foreign coverage
• Time Magazine
  • Photo essays of attack and conspiracy
• United Justice Terrorist News Headquarters
  • Thorough set of daily news links on the September 11th attacks and subsequent military efforts
  • Good News/Bad News section as well as some humor
• Voice of America
  • Government-sponsored news to countries around the world
  • Short but balanced articles
• Washington Post
  • Up all day but sometimes slow
  • Pictures and text of President Bush's speech at 9:04 a.m.
• Yahoo News
  • Complete coverage of terrorist attacks and aftermath
  • Effects on stock market
  • Possible retaliation

• Afghan News Network
  • Brief English-language news from international sources about Afghanistan
  • Daily since April 2000
• Al-Jazeera
  • Television network to the Arab world from Qatar
  • Text in Arabic and English only
  • Archived version from 2001 in Arabic Only
• Arabic Media Internet Network
  • Extensive links to on-line news media from Arab countries
  • Texts in English or Arabic
  • Search the Way Back Machine and the url: http://www.amin.org/ for archived coverage in September 2001
• Asia Week
  • Primarily East Asian business news
  • Waiting for Doomsday (September 28, 2001) brings different perspective on the terrorist war
• British Broadcasting Corporation
  • Text of UK and international news, culture, science, and children's programs, primarily beginning 1996
  • Use the SEARCH key to access the archives
• Cairo Press Review
  • Daily headlines and editorials from Cairo newspapers translated into English
  • Only covers past 12 months
• Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
  • National Online
    • In-depth reports and investigations
    • Examples include tamoxifen, the Irish vote, living in space, and 9/11
  • News Transcripts
    • Full text of nightly news transcripts
    • Archived and searchable beginning September 1, 1996
  • Newsworld On-Line
    • Headline news updated throughout the day
    • Canadian and international coverage
• DAWN (Pakistan)
  • English language newspaper of Pakistan
  • Today's news only
  • Search the Way Back Machine and the url: http://www.dawn.com/ for archived coverage in September 2001
• Debkafile
  • Dubbed the "Drudge Report of the Middle East"
  • Anti-terrorism news
  • Search the Way Back Machine and the url: http://www.debka.com/ for archived coverage in September 2001
• Eurasia News [Web]
  • Current week's news on the Baltic countries, Central Europe, Iran and Iraq
  • Archived pages from 2001
• Hindu
  • India's national newspaper
  • Back issues available through ProQuest (UMich Only) and the WayBack Machine
• Inside China Today
  • News, business, culture, and travel information
  • Search the Way Back Machine for archived coverage under the URL: http://www.insidechina.com/
• International Herald Tribune
  • Weekly archives of global, financial and technology headline news
  • Archived coverage of 2001
  • Based in Paris but text available in English
• Jerusalem Post
  • Today's issue only
  • Back issues on Academic Universe (UMich Only) and the Way Back Machine
• Jordan Times
  • Last week of political and economic news
  • Archived Coverage
• Russia Today
  • News, business, culture, and travel information for Russia and CIS countries
  • News service archived to December 2, 1996
  • Search the Way Back Machine under http://www.russiatoday.com/ for archived September 11 coverage
• Saudi Arabia Information Service
  • Daily news translated into English
  • Includes Prince Saud's statements and terrorism and previous expulsion of Osama bin Laden
  • Search the Wayback Machine under http://www.saudinf.com for archived coverage
• Tehran Times (Iran)
  • Extensive English-language coverage each day
  • Search the Wayback Machine under http://www.tehrantimes.com/ for archived coverage
• World News Connection (UMich Only)
  • Foreign radio broadcasts, newswires, and newspaper articles translated into English by the CIA
  • Use the free text search with a search term and the country whose reports you would like to monitor (e.g. bin laden and Pakistan)
  • Search after September 10, 2001

Afghanistan

• See also Arab World
• Academic Info: Afghanistan Studies
  • Well-chosen links to the history, language, and politics of the country
  • Numerous links to foreign policy considerations, human rights, and CIA reports
  • Even a Russian web site in English about its war with Afghanistan
• Afghanistan (Yahoo News)
  • News on September 12 strike against Afghanistan by Taleban opponents
  • In-depth reporting on Taliban and possible relationship to terrorism
• Afghanistan: A Country Study (Army/IIT)
  • Army area handbook on Afghanistan completed in 1986
  • Geography, government, politics, society, and national security
  • Digitized into chapters by the Illinois Institute of Technology
  • HTML Version (Library of Congress)
• Afghanistan Online
  • Gateway to English-language information about Afghanistan
  • Several versioins of the Afghan constitution, biographies of key players, and links to political parties
  • Weather, plans, animals
  • Culture, Islam, weather
• Afghanistan: The Making of U.S. Policy, 1973-90 (UMich Only)
  • Digital National Security Archive display of declassified documents
• Extradition Request by U.S.
  • Clerics' Response (CNN)
  • Taliban Response
• Federations: Special Issue on Aghanistan (UMich Only)
  • Journal issue devoted to the role of federalism for Afghanistan after the Taliban in October 2001
• Former King Mohammed Zahir Shah (CNN)
  • News report that king exiled in 1973 is willing to lead a coalition government in a post-Taliban era
  • Released on September 30, 2001
• Online Center for Afghan Studies
  • English-language news and research materials on Afghan politics
  • As of September 13, 2001, considerable information on the Taliban, condemnation of the terrorist attack on the U.S.
  • Assassination of opposition leader on September 11, just before the New York attacks
  • Afghan boat people seeking refuge in Australia (August-Sept. 2001)
• Rebuilding Afghanistan (U.S. Agency for International Development)
  • U.S. AID plans for assistance Afghan agriculture, health, education, labor force, infrastructure, government, and women
  • Map at back of the pamphlet notes USAID activity by geography
• Taliban
  • Taleban Government
    • Ruling party of Afghanistan
    • Web site was hacked approximately Sept. 11 and Sept. 13, 2001
    • It has been down ever since
    • Archived Site from February 2001
• Women
  • Beneath the Veil (CNN)
    • Groundbreaking TV broadcast describing life of Afghan women under the Taliban
    • Pictures and story line
  • Laura Bush's Radio Address
    • Saturday radio address on November 17, 2001
    • Describes change in the life of Afghan women since the fall of Kabul
  • Taliban's War Against Women (State Department)
    • Summary of women's position in Afghanistan before and during the Taliban rule
    • Quotes about Afghan women and links to additional sources
• World Drug Report 2000 (Intl Narcotics Control Board)
  • Annexes show Afghanistan to be the largest producer of the opium poppy in 1999, followed close by Myanmar
  • Statistics include drug seizures and use
• World Food Programme
  • Emergency shipments of food to Afghanistan

Airlines

See also Airline Security

• American Airlines
  • American Airlines Flights 11 and 77 crashed into the World Trade Center
  • Web site down at 11:30 a.m. on September 11
  • Archive Site beginning Sept. 15, 2001
• United Airlines
  • Flight 93 crashed near Pittsburgh
  • Flight 175 has also crashed
  • Archived Site beginning September 11, 2001
• Remembering September 11, 2001
  • Memorial tribute to all of the flights and victims arranged by location

• Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act of 2001
  • H.R. 2926 passed September 21, 2001
  • Companion bill was S. 1450
• Draft Guidelines for Air Carrier Compensation (Dept. of Transportation)

Anti-War Activism

• Alternative Resources on the U.S. "War Against Terrorism"
  • Brief annotations to news sources, petitions, and demonstrations against the war
• Interfaith Council for Peace and Justice
  • Statement on September 11th tragedy
  • Newsletter includes hunger and peace activities
• War in Context: Alternative Sources in the War on Terrorism
  • News articles with a dissenting approach
  • Many of the articles come from the mainstream press

Arab-Americans

• Arab American Institute
  • Policy priorities
  • Lists of famous Arab Americans
  • Census data on Arab communities in the United States

• Arab Americans: Making a Difference (Casey Kasem)
  • List and brief biographies of Arab Americans
  • Includes Ralph Nader, Christa McAuliffe, Doug Flutie, Danny and Marlo Thomas, among others

Arab-Israeli Conflict

• United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine
  • Full text of letters, mimeographed (masthead) documents, reports, resolutions, UN Yearbook articles, and debate transcripts in the General Assembly and Security Council
  • League of Nations is the source for 1917-39; United Nations is the source, 1945 to present
  • Main access point is chronological with supplement access by UN series symbol, type of document, title, and subject
  • Keyword searching requires a password currently not available through the library

• Arab-Israeli Conflict Documents (Israel Information Service)
  • Outline of peace process since 1991 Madrid Conference
  • Extensive links to treaties, speeches, letters, and background information
  • Covers 1917-the past few weeks

• Hamas
  • Hamas is the resistance movement to Israeli occupation of Palestine
  • History of Palestine, assessment of Israeli intent, and news

• See also Middle East Conflicts

Arab World

• Arab Net
  • Overview, history, business, cultural, government, and tour information for each Arab country
  • Government information includes summaries of the national structure, foreign policy, education, health, and the military
  • News in Arabic and links to related web sites
• Arab Social Science Network
  • Annotated and unannotated links to government web sites arranged by country
  • Also includes economic, political, and legal information
  • List of social science research centers by country
• Asian Governments on the Web (Gunnar Anzinger)
  • Comprehensive and updated list of government agencies and embassies
  • Tabular index by country indicates number of entries and last update
• Asian Studies Virtual Library
  • Most comprehensive Internet source for culture, politics, economics, geography, news, and archaeology of Asian countries
  • Inclusion of official government web sites varies
  • Scope includes Asian continent, Caucasus, Middle East, and the Pacific
• Central Eurasia Project
  • Profiles of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
  • Country sections include background, travel, economic, environmental, demographic and political information
  • Central Eurasian Elections includes the latest election news, political party information, and links to related sources
• Encyclopedia of the Orient
  • Multimedia encyclopedia of the Middle East and North Africa from ancient times to the present
  • Identifies people, places, and events with hotlinks and maps
  • Country descriptions include the populations of major cities
• Middle East/North Africa Resource Guide
  • Comprehensive guide to internet resources for the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia
  • Resources arranged by country and by academic discipline (anthropology, economics, history, religion, sociology)
  • Links include country home pages, discussion lists, and homepages of foreign students residing in the U.S.
• Model League of Arab States
  • Excellent guide to members of the Arab League and related states
  • Considerable information about individual countries
  • Background information on the League
  • Information about Model League of Arab Nations simulations

Archives

• Research Buzz
  • Miscellaneous collection of web sites
  • News, opinion, hoaxes, memorials, terrorism, war
• September 11th
  • Archive of 500,000 web sites on the internet during the month after September 11th
  • Analysis of how Americans used the internet to share their grief
  • Searchable and browsable though somewhat slow due to size
  • Archive commissioned by the Library of Congress
• September 11, 2001, Documentary Project (Library of Congress)
  • Reactions of Americans and people overseas to the events of 9/11
  • Almost 200 audio or video interviews as well as graphics and written narratives

Civil Rights

• American Civil Liberties Union
  • Reports on civil liberties since the terrorist attacks
• Church Arson Prevention Act
• Electronic Communications Privacy Act
• Electronic Frontier Foundation
  • Messages to Congress about preserving freedoms despite crisis
• Federal Civil Rights Discrimination (Dept of Justice)
  • Frequently-asked questions
• Preserving Our Freedoms (Senate Judiciary Committee)
  • Senate Judiciary Committee hearing held December 6, 2001; J-107-50
  • Statements by Orrin Hatch, John Ashcroft, Patrick Leahy and several attorneys
  • 6.4 MB in pdf format
• Rabih Haddad
  • Information on Rabih Haddad
    • Co-founder of the Global Relief Foundation and active in the Ann Arbor Muslim Community
    • Arrested on December 14, 2001, denied bond, moved secretly, and ultimately testified before grand jury in Chicago
    • Web page includes summary of action and letter from Haddad to Lady Liberty
    • Links to newspaper articles about the case, Islamic groups, and Global Relief Foundation
  • Rabih Haddad/Detroit Free Press vs. John Ashcroft
    • Secret trial of Haddad is unconstitutional
    • Decision by Justice Nancy Edmunds, Eastern District of Michigan, on April 3, 2002
• September 11th Detainees (Dept of Justice)
  • Analysis of the treatment of detainees on immigration violations in the months following Sept. 11, 2001
  • Notes some problems in their arrest, bonds, confinement and deportation
  • Recommends future changes
  • Released June 2, 2003
  • PDF file of 13.25 MB
  • Another copy
• See also Anti-Terrorism Bill and Military Trials

• FISC Denial of Justice Dept. Request (Findlaw)
  • Opinion issued on May 17, 2002 and released on August 22, 2002
  • Denies Justice Department request for broader surveillance powers against suspected criminals
  • Cites at least 70 cases where the FBI misrepresented its requests for surveillance
  • Report is over 2 MB in pdf format
• D.C. Circuit Court Opinion on Surveillance (Findlaw)
  • Decision granted by three-judge panel from the U.S. Circuit Court in the District of Columbia
  • Affirms Justice Department authority under the USA Patriot Act for a broad range of electronic surveillance against the "agent of a foreign power"
  • Overturns previous ruling by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court on May 17, 2002
• Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (Cornell Law School)
  • Law regarding physical searches of possible foreign agents
  • United States Code, Title 50, Paragraphs 1801 ff.
• Executive Order 12949
  • Bill Clinton's directive broadening scope of Attorney General's powers
  • Dated February 1995)

• Amnesty International
  • Annual country reports on human rights practices
  • Multiple investigations for individual countries
  • Includes U.S. violations

• Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
  • State Department annual report on human rights violations in individual countries beginning 1993

• For the Record
  • Summary of human reports reports given by individual countries to the United Nations
  • Hot links to the full text
  • Includes Afghanistan's submission

• Human Rights Watch
  • Full text of country reports on human rights in various countries
  • Breaking news and background reports
  • Web site includes search engine

• Human Rights Web
  • Extensive guide to human rights organizations, data bases, and newsgroups worldwide
  • Includes inter-governmental and private web sites and documents

• Religious Rights (UNESCO)
  • Religious rights provisions of individual national constitutions
  • International treaties with religious rights provisions
  • Bibliography of sources and discussion groups

• University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
  • International human rights treaties arranged by subject and searchable by keyword
  • United States human rights laws, speeches, reports, and historical materials
  • International refugee and asylum information

Counterterrorism Measures

• COMPREHENSIVE
  • American Still Unprepared - America Still in Danger
    • Hart-Rudman report issued October 2002
    • Believes the United States is so involved formation of Dept. of Homeland Security that it hasn't taken needed action to protect Americans
    • Recommends priority should be given to port security, training of local police and national guard
    • Issued by the Council on Foreign Relations
  • ANSER Institute for Homeland Security
    • Current legislative update
    • Virtual library of materials, including Presidential Decision Directives, Executive Orders, research material on weapons of mass destruction
    • Excerpts of current news reports
  • Commission on the National Guard and Reserves
    • Commission authorized by Congress to assess homeland readiness for outside attacks and disaster recovery
    • Final Report, dated January 31, 2008, concludes that the National Guard and Reserves need to be integrated into the military and serve as an operational rather than strategic organization
    • Also addresses fundamental reforms to reserve roles, personnel management systems, equipping and training policies, policies affecting families and employers
  • From MAD (Mutual Assured Destruction) to MUD (Multilateral Unconstrained Disruption): Dealing with the New Terrorism
    • Recommends that the United States refocus its war on terrorism from protecting people and equipment assets to protecting its political and economic foundations
    • Article by Stephen Gale and Lawrence Husick
    • Appeared in Foreign Policy Research Institute's America at War series on Feb. 11, 2003
  • National Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism (Joint Chiefs of Staff)
    • Defines extremists as people unwilliing to let others live in freedom and are willing to kill
    • Methods for defeating terrorism include: denying terrorists what they need to operate in a networked environment, shutting down safe harbors, enabling other nations to counter terrorism, and providing humanitarian assistance
    • Declassified version of report released by the Joint Chiefs of Staff on February 1, 2006
  • National Strategy for Combating Terrorism (2006)
    • Four points: prevent attacks, deny WMD to rogue states, deny terrorists support from rogue states, and deny terrorists the control of any nation
    • Claims al-Qaeda is weakened but the threat is real
    • Another Copy
    • Released September 5, 2006
    • National Strategy for Homeland Security
      • President Bush's strategy, released in July 2002
      • Covers improvements to intelligence, border security, domestic terrorism, protecting critical infrastructures, defending against catastrophes, and emergency response
      • Recommends "red teams" to pretend their are terrorists and scout vulnerabilities
    • Claims al-Qaeda is weakened but the threat is real
    • Another Copy
    • Released September 5, 2006
  • Progress Report on the Global War on Terrorism (White House)
    • Federal efforts to disable known terrorists and dismantle financing
    • Progress on homeland security and emergency response
    • Released September 10, 2003
  • Report to Congress on Combating Terrorism (OMB)
    • Annual report on overseas and domestic programs to counteract terrorism
    • Budgetary analysis and future needs
  • Terrorism and Proliferation (Ray Tanter)
    • Course notes and readings on dealing with terrorists
    • Competing political theories for combatting terrorism
    • Aspects of the war with Iraq
    • Includes excerpts from Dr. Tanter's Rogue Regimes
  • Terrorist Threat to the U.S. Homeland (ODCI)
    • Extract of July 2007 report suggests Al-Qaida is regrouping for another major attack on the United States
    • Chemical, biological or nuclear weapons could be used
    • Hezbollah could become involved if Iran perceives the U.S. is a threat
    • Part of the National Intelligence Estimate series
  • UN Action Against Terrorism
    • Web page with historical and very current resolutions against terrorism
    • Links to UN web sites involved in counterterrorism

• AIRLINE SECURITY
  • Air Line Pilots Association
    • Testimony of Captain Duane Woerth on Airline Security (Sept. 25, 2001)
      • Before the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
      • Security measures recommended by pilots, including secure cockpit doors and guns
    • Testimony of Captain Duane Woerth on Airline Security (Sept. 20, 2001)
      • Similar statement before the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee
  • Air Marshals
    • Federal Air Marshal Program
      • Brief program description
      • Job applications available at: http://jobs.faa.gov/
  • Aviation and Transportation Security Act (THOMAS)
    • S. 1447 passed by House and Senate and November 16, 2001
    • Provides for federalization of airport security personnel, air marshalls, and search of all checked baggage
  • Enforcement (Dept. of Transportation)
    • Secretary Norman Mineta's comments to the National Transportation Security Conference on October 30, 2001
    • Promise to enforce security measures at airports
  • Presidential Airline Security Measures
    • Announcement by President Bush at O'Hare Airport on September 27, 2001
    • Includes expanded cockpit security, more federal marshals on planes, federal oversight of airport security, and National Guard in the interim
  • Security Breaches (DOT)
    • Testimony by Kenneth Mead of the Dept. of Transportation before the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee, November 14, 2001
    • Cites 90 security breaches in a ten-day period beginning Nov. 3
  • Two Generals Authorized to Down Threatening Airliners (CNN)
    • CNN report dated September 27
    • NORAD coordinated the operation

• ANTI-TERRORISM BILL
  • President Bush sent a working draft to James Sensenbrenner, Chair of the House Judiciary Committee, on September 19
  • The committee held hearings on September 24 with Attorney General John Ashcroft testifying
  • H.R. 3162
    • Passed House by a Roll Call Vote of 357/66 on October 24, 2001
    • Passed Senate by a Roll Call Vote of 98-1 on October 25, 2001
    • Signed by President on October 26, 2001
    • Legislative History (THOMAS)
  • Text of Feingold Opposition

• BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE
  • Anthrax (CDC)
    • Symptoms of anthrax
    • Clinical handling of anthrax cases
    • Questions and answers
    • Update on the cause for Robert Steven's death from anthrax in Florida on October 5
  • Anthrax MD
    • FAQs about anthrax
    • Symptoms, antiobiotics, self-protection, and anthrax as a weapon
  • Biological and Chemical Terrorism (National Library of Medicine)
    • Updated news articles on biological terrorism, including new treatments and the possibility of homegrown terrorists
    • Guidelines and articles on treatment
  • Biological Defense Web Links (USF Center for Biological Defense)
    • Comprehensive annotated links to web sites on biological and chemical warfare and the public health response
  • Centers for Disease Control Office of Biological Terrorism
    • Reports and plans on dealing with biological terrorism
    • Advice to state and local health officials
  • Facts About Anthrax, Botulism, Plague, and Smallpox (CDC)
    • Summary of all four diseases
  • How to Handle Anthrax (CDC)
    • Practical advice for people believing they were exposed to anthrax
    • Dealing with suspicious mail
  • Monterey Institute Chemical and Biological Weapons Resource Page
    • Numerous articles and fact sheets on chemical and biological weapons
    • A chart of countries which own them
    • Timelines on the use of chemical and biological weapons
    • Assessments of weapons in the Middle East by country
    • Consider current data on terrorism
  • Smallpox (Journal of the American Medical Association)
    • Potential of smallpox as a biological weapon
    • Vaccine administration and complications
  • Smallpox Vaccination Clinic Guide (CDC)
    • Guidelines written for state and local governments on smallpox vaccination in case of terrorist threat
    • Released on September 23, 2002
  • Terrorism Preparedness Compendium (CDC)
    • Articles appearing in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report since 2000 about aspects of recognizing, treating, and vaccinating against anthrax and smallpox
  • World Health Organization
    • Countries Need to Plan Effectively for "Deliberate Infections"
      • Speech given by WHO official to the Pan American Health Organization
    • Responding to the Deliberate Use of Biological Agents and Chemicals as Weapons
      • Draft technical guidelines for national health ministries
      • Summary guidelines

• BORDERS AND IMMIGRATION
  • Alternative Technologies for Implementation of Section 110 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 at Land Borders
    • House Judiciary Hearing, July 23, 1998
    • Paper copy: Documents Center Y4.J89/1:105/129; Microfiche: CIS 2000 H521-3
  • Border Control Automated Documentation System (PL 105-259
    • Bill number = H.R. 4658, 105th Congress
  • Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 at Land Borders (PL 104-208)
    • Part of Defense Appropriations Act for FY 1999 (passed September 1998)
  • US-VISIT Program
    • Program requires two fingerprints and a digital picture of foreign visitors from most countries at airports and seaports
    • Visitors are also checked out as they leave
    • Web site includes laws, regulations, and frequently-asked questions
    • Exempt countries: Andorra, Austria, Australia, Belgium, Brunei, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, Singapore, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (for citizens with the unrestricted right of permanent abode in England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, Channel Islands and Isle of Man)

• COMMUNICATIONS
  • Tactical Interoperable Communications Scorecards: Summary Report and Findings
    • Assesses compatibility of communications systems between jurisdictions in 75 metropolitan areas
    • Overall summary followed by place-by-place assessments of governance and operating procedures
    • Recommendations for improvement
    • Released by the Department of Homeland Security in January 2007

• DOMESTIC WIRETAPPING
  • Bush Lets U.S. Spy on Callers without Courts
    • Reprint of article written by James Risen and Lichtblau on President's executive order to permit wiretapping without FISA approval
    • If article disappears from free public access, University of Michigan users should do a guided search in LEXIS-NEXIS Academic for the New York Times with James Risen as the author and the date as December 16, 2005
  • Censure Resolution
    • S.Res.398, 109th Congress, was introduced by Senate Russell Feingold of Wisconsin on March 13, 2006 to censure President George W. Bush for domestic wiretapping without obtaining a court order
    • Link includes full text and legislative status
  • Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
  • Justice Department Letter on Legal Authority of NSA Surveillance (Federation of American Scientists)
    • Letter sent to Senator Pat Roberts, et al. on December 22, 2005
  • Legal Authorities Supporting the Activities of the National Security Agency Described by the President
    • Declassified memo justifying warrantless wiretaps as a Presidential prerogative in time of war
    • Issued by the Justice Department on January 19, 2006
  • Pelosi Letter to Hayden
    • Letter dated October 21, 2001 expressing concern about Lt. Gen. Michael Hayden's briefing on expansive National Security Agency powers
  • Presidential Authority to Conduct Warrantless Electronic Surveillance to Gather Foreign Intelligence Information
    • Congressional Research Service memo dated January 5, 2006
    • Includes numerous citations to court cases
  • Review of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Use of National Security Letters
    • FBI used the Patriot Act provisions to obtain private information on 56,000 people per year, half U.S. citizens
    • The activity was 22% underreported and sometimes abused
    • Released March 9, 2007
  • See also Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court

• HAZAROUDS MATERIALS
  • Hazardous Materials Safety (DOT)
    • Guidebooks on emergency response to hazardous materials spills
    • Risk management

• HOMELAND SECURITY COORDINATION
  • Alert System
    • National alert system announced on March 12, 2002
    • Color-coded system of alerts from green to red signifying various risk levels
    • Announcement describes criteria for each alert and actions required by the public, state and local governments
    • Authorized by Presidential Directive 3
  • Department of Homeland Security
    • Department of Homeland Security
      • Coordinates the U.S. defense against terrorism
      • Mission of the office
      • Tips on protecting yourself from terrorism
    • Reorganization Plan (Carlos Diaz)
      • List of government agencies to be transferred or abolished in the new Department of Homeland Security
      • Compilation by Carlos Diaz and posted via GOVDOC-L listserv, December 2002
  • House Select Committee on Homeland Security
    • Committee to draft legislation on a homeland security department
    • Text of testimony on the terrorist threat
    • Dick Armey's principles of homeland security
    • Text of President's proposal for a homeland security department, H.R. 5005
  • Homeland Security Legislation
    • Homeland Security Act of 2002
      • Establishes the Department of Homeland Security
      • Above link includes various versions of the bill
      • Bill Summary and Status includes links to the Congressional Record for debates and roll call votes
      • House Roll Call Vote (July 26, 2002)
      • Senate Roll Call Vote (November 19, 2002
    • National Homeland Security Act (H.R. 1292, 107th Congress)
      • Introduced by Ike Skelton on March 29, 2001
    • To Establish a National Homeland Security Agency (H.R. 1158, 107th Congress
      • Introduced by Mac Thornberry on March 21, 2001
  • Homeland Security and Fighting Terrorism (NTIS)
    • List of government reports issued on homeland security over the past month
    • Most publications are free for downloading
  • Operation Liberty Shield Fact Sheet (DHS)
    • Specific anti-terrorism measures the DHS will take during the Iraq War
    • Includes borders, transportation, monitoring suspects, infrastructure protection, and health planning
    • Released on March 18, 2003

• MAIL
  • How to Handle Anthrax (CDC)
    • Practical advice for people believing they were exposed to anthrax
    • Dealing with suspicious mail
  • Irradiation Explored as Answer to Anthrax (Washington Post)
    • Oct. 22nd article on use of food irradiation process to sanitize mail of anthrax
    • Food Technology Service describes food irradiation process; may need to use Internet Explorer to display information
  • Photos of Anthrax Letters (FBI)
    • Photographs of the envelopes and letters about anthrax
    • All three dated September 11, 2001
    • Sent to Senator Tom Daschle, Tom Brokaw (NBC), and the New York Post
  • Postal Service Guidelines
    • Defines suspicious mail and provides guidelines for contacting the authorities
    • Assures public that most threats about anthrax are hoaxes
    • Another copy

• 9/11 COMMISSION RECOMMENDATIONS
  • National Commission on the Terrorist Attacks
    • Recommendations appear in its Final Report and in its Executive Summary
  • Congressional Investigations
    • House Government Reform Committee
      • Began hearings on August 3, 2004
      • Selected text on the web site
    • National Intelligence Reform Act (S.2845)
      • Introduced by Senators Susan Collins and Joseph Lieberman in September 2004 to implement 9/11 Commission recommendations
      • Conference Version posted December 7, 2004
      • Introduced by Senators Susan Collins and Joseph Lieberman in September 2004 to implement 9/11 Commission recommendations
      • Thomas reference includes full text and legislative status
      • House Roll Call Vote (12/7/04)
      • Senate Roll Call Vote (12/8/04)
    • Senate Governmental Affairs Committee
      • Began hearings on July 30, 2004
      • Selected text and video on its web site
  • President Bush
    • Press Conference of August 2, 2004
      • Announces decision to support a national intelligence director with budget authority

• NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
  • Nuclear Control Institute
    • News releases on nuclear power plant security issues
    • Excerpts from numerous wire services
    • Recommendations for Solving the Immediate Crisis
      • NCI's recommendations to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission on September 25
    • Research Materials on Nuclear Terrorism

• OPERATION TIPS
  • Operation Tips (Citizen Corps)
    • Describes FBI program to enlist workers in reporting activity suspicions about terrorism
    • Includes police, neighborhood watch programs, truckers, etc.
    • Web site has a Citizens' Preparedness Guidebook

• SURVEILLANCE CAMERAS
  • Security Industry Association
    • Excerpts of conference on surveillance and privacy
    • Recommendations on use of surveillance cameras
    • It also sponsors the Security Gateway

• TERRORISM BETS
  • Future Map or Policy Analysis Market was proposed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency to divine the likelihood of terrorism based on stock market futures trading
  • Program withdrawn on July 29, 2003 due to media and Congressional pressure
  • Press Release Announcing Program Cancellation (July 29, 2003)
  • DARPA Web Site as captured in pdf format on July 29, 2003
  • Report to Congress regarding the Terrorism Information Awareness Program
    • Focuses on the privacy implications of new monitoring techniques
    • A description of FutureMap appears in Appendix B
    • Issued May 20, 2003

• TERRORIST FINANCING
  • Al Barakaat and Al Taqwa Networks
    • Announcement to freeze the assets of both networks
    • Made by President Bush on November 7, 2001
  • Terrorist Financing
    • Executive order issued by George Bush on September 24, 2001 blocks access to funds collected in the United States by 27 groups supporting terrorism
  • Terrorism (Office of Foreign Assets Control)
    • Executive order on freezing foreign assets of terrorists, updated list of terrorists (10/12/01), and administrative details

• USA PATRIOT ACT
  • USA Patriot Act (PL 107-56)
    • Passed October 26, 2001
    • Full text of act
  • USA Patriot Act (Evergreen State College)
    • Comprehensive guide to the ten provisions of the act
    • Reports, analyses and news stories on various provisions tending toward opposition
  • USA Patriot Act (EPIC)
    • Analysis of the act's provisions
    • News stories on challenge to the act
    • Numerous government and private association provisions on the act, including its search-and-seizure and wiretap provisions
  • Department of Justice Oversight: Preserving Our Freedoms While Defending Against Terrorism
    • Hearing before the Senate Judificary Committee in December 2001 on the implementation of the USA Patriot Act
  • Patriot Act Renewal: 2005
    • H.R. 3199 (109th Congress)
      • Text of bill and legislative history of renewing the Patriot Act
    • Senate Vote on Renewal
      • Vote on December 16, 2005 on renewing the Patriot Act was 52-47 but failed because it needed 60 in favor to avoid a filibuster by Russ Feingold

• WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION
  • National Defense Authorization Act of 2000
    • House Armed Services hearing held in March 1999
    • Covers readiness for dealing with the weapons of mass destruction
  • National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction
    • Bush policy includes interdiction, aggressive pursuit of an international nonproliferation policy, and dealing with the consequences of an attack
    • Pamphlet released in pdf format on December 11, 2002
    • Another copy
    • The classified version of this report is known as National Security Presidential Directive 17 (NSPD 17) and Homeland Security Presidential Directive 4, signed May 2002
    • The complete report is described in an article by Mike Allen and Barton Gellman in the Washington Post on Dec. 11, 2002, p. A1 - see Academic Universe (UMich Only)

• WEB SITE ALTERATIONS
  • Agencies Scrub Web Sites of Sensitive Chemical Data (Washington Post)
    • October 4th article (p. A29) on EPA's effort to scrub its risk management material, CDC on terrorism, and DOT on pipelines
    • Find full text using Academic Universe (UMich Only)
  • Envirofacts Direct Access to be Limited (OMB Watch)
    • Article about EPA's plan to limit access to the environmental database in April 2002
    • Web access will still be available
  • GODORT Legislation Committee
    • Working group of the American Library Association's Government Documents Round Table
    • Links to legislation and news articles affecting access to government information
    • Includes agencies taking material off the web, an executive order allowing Presidential records to remain classified
  • Post September 11 Environment (OMB Watch)
    • Describes federal information taken off the web, including
      EPA's Risk Management Plans for chemical accidents
      • Pipeline mapping from the Dept. of Transportation
      • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (chemical security)
      • FAA enforcement materials
      • Maps from the National Imagery and Mapping Service and Bureau of Transportation Statistics
    • Cites alternative resources, including the Right-to-Know Network for toxic spills
  • Text of White House Memo
    • Written by Andrew Card and dated March 19, 2002

Disaster Preparedness

• Are You Ready? (Dept of Homeland Security)
  • Detailed instructions for individual citizens to prepare for a terrorist attack
  • Issued by the White House on February 7, 2003 when an orange alert was issued
• Ready.Gov
  • Federal web site with recommendations for disaster preparedness
  • Preparing a terrorist kit, establishing communications and evacuation plans
  • Specifics on handling chemical, biological, nuclear, and dirty bomb events

Economic Impact

• Bloomberg Online
  • Current stock market indicators, treasury yield curves and exchange rates
  • Best and worst mutual funds
  • Personal calculators

• Federal Reserve Economic Data Bases: FRED (FRB - St. Louis)
  • Gross Domestic Product, price, employment and monetary data
  • ASCII or various spreadsheet formats
  • For historical data, bypass this site and use Economagic

• One Year Later: Restoring Economic Security for Workers and the Nation
  • Hearing by the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions on September 12, 2002
  • Impact of the 9/11 attacks on the U.S. economy
  • Includes some statistical data

• Stock Market Web Sites
  • American Stock Exchange and Archive
  • Chicago Board of Trade
  • NASDAQ and Archive
  • New York Board of Trade
  • New York Stock Exchange and Archive

• Surveys of Consumer Attitudes (University of Michigan)
  • Monthly, quarterly and archived data, some since 1961, to the previous year
  • Consumer confidence nationally and by region; some by income and age
  • Personal, business, unemployment, government economic policy, price, and interest rate expectations
  • Plans for buying major consumer goods, cars, and homes
  • Some tables in Adobe Acrobat format; others downable in HTML, CSV or XLS format
  • Includes technical documentation

Emergency Relief

• Emergency Contacts (CNN)
  • Phone numbers for the airlines, Pentagon, Red Cross
• New Jersey Hospital Association
  • Searchable directory of World Trade Center victims taken to New Jersey hospitals
  • Disaster aid
• U.S. Government Responds (Firstgov)
  • List of federal agencies providing help to victims and their families

Energy

• Institute for the Analysis of Global Security
  • Interest group on independence from foreign oil
  • Articles describe the relationship between oil and terrorism, the geopolitics of oil, the "real price of gasoline"
  • Alternative fuel sources, especially methanol and fuel cells

• Monthly Energy Review (EIA)
  • Production, consumption and trade of energy sources, both overall and by individual products (e.g. petroleum)
  • Monthly data for the past few years and annual data since 1973
  • Links to ASCII format on left-hand side of page
  • Also available in WK1 and XLS spreadsheet formats
  • Annual Energy Review has corresponding data often since 1949

Federal Agencies

• FirstGov
• Google's Uncle Sam

• CQ Weekly Report (UMich Only)
  • Weekly report on legislation and politics in Congress
  • Available on the web since 1983
  • CQ Almanac (Doc.Cen. JK 1.C756) is annual compilation since 1946
• Congressional Universe (UMich Only)
  • Indexes every Congressional committee hearing since 1789 and provides an abstract
  • Most publications available in the Graduate Library in paper and ALL in the Documents Center on microfiche
  • Full text of selected prepared testimony since 1988; includes some markup reports
  • Floor debates (Congressional Record) since 1985
  • Laws since 1789 and regulations since 1980
• National Journal (UMich Only)
  • Full text of National Journal a weekly periodical on the Executive Branch since 1977
  • Full text of Congress Daily since 1995
  • Includes Almanac of American Politics, which provides political biographies of Congressmen and analyses of their districts

• Bills (THOMAS)
  • Indexes Congressional bills since 1973 and provides detailed legislative status
• Congressional Research Service Reports on Intelligence and Terrorism (Federation of American Scientists)
  • Analytical reports intended for Congressional members
  • Includes reports written the day before and the day after the terrorist attack
• Contacting the Congress
  • Most comprehensive Congressional directory for Congress, its committees
  • Provides contact information and web sites
• Congressional Committee Web Sites
  • House Committee on Armed Services
    • Selected hearings transcripts since 1997
  • House Committee on International Relations
  • House Select Committee on Intelligence
    • New web site with witness statements at open hearings beginning September 2001
    • Dear Colleague letters and biographies of members
  • House Committee on the Judiciary
    • Considering anti-terrorism bill
  • Senate Armed Services Committee
    • Prepared statements of hearing witnesses since January 2001
    • March 8, 2001 hearing on threats to world security
  • Senate Foreign Relations Committee
  • Senate Intelligence Committee
    • Laws and executive orders on intelligence since 1947
    • Excerpts of very few hearings since 1999; most hearings are classified
  • Congressional Committee Hearings (Law Librarians Society of Washington, D.C.)
    • Comprehensive index to sources for hearings transcripts, arranged by committee
  • Congressional Record
    • Indexes floor debates since 1993 and provides the full text

• Defense Department
  • Current news about the war on terrorism
  • September 18, 2001 Issue
    • News reports to the armed forces on the Pentagon attack
    • Pictures
• Office of Homeland Security
  • Creation of cabinet level agency announced by President Bush in address to Congress on September 20, 2001
  • Originally headed by Tom Ridge
  • Web site includes budget priorities and names of state security contacts

• Border Patrol
  • Directory and maps of field offices
  • Brief information about the agency
• Centers for Disease Control Office of Biological Terrorism
  • Reports and plans on dealing with biological terrorism
  • Advice to state and local health officials
• Federal Aviation Administration
  • Web site has delayed coverage of new plans resulting from the attack
  • Summary of Airport Security Measures from Secretary of Transportation Norman Mineta on September 12, 2001
  • Civil Aviation Security Strategic Plan (April 2001)
• Federal Emergency Management Agency
  • Brief statement about its response to the terrorist acts on September 11, 2001
  • Information on recognizing and protecting oneself against terrorism
• Shadow Government (Washington Post)
  • Article by Barton Gellman and Susan Schmidt
  • Approximately 100 federal officials live in bunkers
  • Precaution against nuclear attack
  • Appeared in printed newspaper on March 1, 2002, p. A1
  • Use Academic Universe (UMich Only) for text
• State Department
  • Special section entitled Countering Terrorism includes policy documents on since 9/11
  • Counterterrorism Office has archive with previous terrorism alerts, terrorism conventions, and U.S. terrorism policy
  • Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment, 1945-50
    • Diplomatic papers from the State Department
• Transportation Security Administration
  • Created in 2001 to implement security measures against terrorism
  • Statistics on the hiring of federal airport screeners
  • Progress reports on the implementation of security screening by state
  • Advice to travelers on prohibited and permitted items

• Central Intelligence Agency
  • CIA Told to Do Whatever Necessary (Washington Post)
    • Article by Bob Woodward appearing on October 21, 2001
    • Discusses an intelligence order by President Bush and a Threat Matrix on terrorist incidents
• Federal Bureau of Investigation
  • FBI Tip Line for terrorist activity
  • Most wanted fugitives
• National Infrastructure Protection Center
  • Investigates threats primarily leveled at the Internet
• National Security Agency
  • Brief information about the agency
  • National Security Agency Declassified (GWU)
    • Electronic briefing book from the National Security Archive
    • Fifteen declassified memoes establishing the National Security Agency (Truman) and reports of its findings (e.g. Vietnam, India's water shortage, murder of Michael DeVine)
• National Security Council
  • The NSC advises the President on military affairs and is headquartered in the White House
  • Text of speeches and selected documents
  • History of the agency and a national security strategy
• Office of Homeland Security
  • New White House office which coordinates the U.S. defense against terrorism
  • Mission of the office
  • Tips on protecting yourself from terrorism
• U.S. Intelligence Community (Columbia University)
  • Chart describing relationship of U.S. intelligence agencies
  • Annotated bibliography and web links to information on the CIA, DIA, NSC, NSA, FBI, Energy Department and State Department
  • Histories, intelligence reform, bibliographies, classified and declassified documents, periodical articles

• Public Papers of the President, 1993+ (GPO)
  • Presidential speeches and statements issued by the Office of the Press Secretary on an annual basis
  • Declarations, nominations, and executive orders
  • Browsable and searchable
  • Updated by Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1993+

• State of the Union Address (January 29, 2002)
  • First half of speech devoted to progress against terrorism
  • Controversial section calling Iran, Iraq, and North Korea the axis of evil

• White House (Bush)
  • Brief Speech by President (September 11, 9:04 a.m.)
  • Address to Nation (8:30 p.m.)
  • Declaration of National Day of Prayer
  • President's Address to Joint Session of Congress (Sept. 20, 2001)
    • Freedom at war with fear
  • Press Conference
    • Text of remarks on October 11, 2001
    • Does not include transcript of questions and answers
  • Address to the Nation (November 8, 2001)
    • Address delivered from Atlanta and includes a summary of actions
    • Ends with "let's roll"

• White House (Clinton)
  • Various versions of the Clinton White House web site are archived
  • There is a cumulative index to all versions which should provide speeches on previous terrorist acts and the Gore Commission

• See President of the United States for additional links to historic presidential documents, including the texts of National Security Directives and declassified materials in the presidential libraries since Truman

• Congressional Universe (UMich Only)
  • Full text of laws-in-force (U.S. Code)
  • Individual laws passed since 1789
  • Full text of regulations in force (Code of Federal Regulations)
  • Text of regulations as proposed since 1980

• International Terrorism: A Compilation of Major Laws, Treaties, Agreements, and Executive Documents
  • House International Relations Committee Print, July 2000
  • Text of foreign assistance, State Department, trade, defense, aviation security and financial legislation
  • Executive orders since 1997
  • Bilateral and multilateral treaties on terrorism
  • Not available on the web through GPO Access or Congressional Universe
  • Paper copy in Documents Center: Y 4. In 8/16: T 27/3
  • Microfiche copy in Documents Center: CIS 2000 H462-9

• United States Code (via Cornell Law School)
  • Text of all laws in force as of 1997/98
  • Searchable by popular title of law, title and section of the U.S. Code, or keyword
  • Currently the best interface

• Code of Federal Regulations (GPO Access)
  • Search CFR by keyword or a combination of title, part, and page
  • Corresponding paper copy in Documents Center as JK 416.A5-Ref

• Federal Register via GPO Access
  • New regulations, proposed regulations, and notices of grants and agency hearings since 1995
  • Search by keyword and date or section (final rules, proposed rules, notices, sunshine act meetings, etc.)
  • Best public source of Federal Register

Federal Agency Reports

• Egypt Air 990 (NTSB)
  • Final report and evidence of the crash of EgyptAir 990 off Long Island on October 31, 1999
  • Said to be pilot suicide

• EgyptAir 648
  • Terrorism: Middle Eastern Groups and State Sponsors (CRS)
    • 1985 hijacking in Greece attributed to Abu Nidal

• Embassy Bombings - 1998
  • Advisory Panel on Overseas Security (Inman Report)
    • Full text of 1985 report on securing U.S. embassies against terrorism
    • Chair was Bobby Inman
  • Report of the Accountability Review Boards on the Embassy Bombings in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam, August 7, 1998 (Crowe Report)
    • Report cites lack of federal government budget initiatives and follow-through on the 1980's Inman Report for the death toll
    • Includes names of embassy officials killed or injured
    • List of embassy bombings since 1987
    • Committee chaired by Admiral William Crowe
  • Strikes on Terrorist Related Facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan (State Department)
    • Presidential statements on air strikes
    • Secretary of State Albright's press statements and interviews
    • Links to reports on patterns of world terrorism
    • Travel warnings

• Indian Air 814
  • Hijacked in India and landed in Afghanistan in December 1999
  • Emergency News Network
    • Series of press releases about the hijacking at the time

• Pan American Flight 103
  • Lockerbie Trial (Scottish Courts
    • Pan Am 103 crashed in Lockerbie, Scotland on December 21, 1988 as the result of terrorism
    • Web site has final verdict and appeal
  • Pan American 103 and the Lockerbie Trial
    • Updated news items
    • Crash site, victims, and the trial
    • Relationship to the WTC/Pentagon disaster

• Project Megiddo (GPO)
  • Summary of FBI's efforts to foil disruptions of the Millennium celebration
  • 32 page in pdf
  • Another Copy (UMich)
  • HTML version from Center for Studies on New Religions

• USS Cole Investigation (Navy)
  • Extensive report released on January 19, 2001
  • While everyone in the chain of command deserves some blame, no one will be indicted
  • Report in pdf format; main investigation is 72 MB
  • Executive Summary

• World Trade Center Bombing 1993
  • Bombing of the World Trade Center (Interpol)
    • Summary and pictures of the bombing
  • World Trade Center Bombing: Report and Analysis (FEMA)
    • Technical report on the bombing and its affects
    • Full text in pdf format, 1.77 MB

• Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction
  • Known as the Gilmore Commission
  • Second annual report in December 2000
  • Recommendations include executive and legislative offices of terrorism and coordinating government agency responses

• Attack on America: Osama bin Laden, the Taliban and Terrorism (East Carolina University)
  • Annotated bibliography of U.S. government and private research reports on terrorism
  • Includes hearings and Congressional Research Service reports

• Biological and Chemical Terrorism: Strategic Plan for Preparedness and Response (CDC)
  • 26 pages in pdf format dated April 2000

• Combating Terrorism: FEMA Continues to Make Progress (GAO)
  • FEMA's activities, including terrorism training courses
  • States that have a response plan
  • Dated March 2001

• Defense Intelligence Agency: Moving Toward the 21st Century
  • Brief program goals, including sound leadership, freedom from politics
  • Written by the DIA in 1996 and made available through the Federation of American Scientists

• Government Documents on Terrorism (U Md)
  • List of recent federal hearings, reports, and remarks on terrorism

• National Commission on Terrorism Report (Bremer Commission)
  • Full text of report in HTML format
  • Electronic text made available through the private Terrorism Research Center
  • Copy from the Federation of American Scientists

• National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction
  • Bush policy includes interdiction, aggressive pursuit of an international nonproliferation policy, and dealing with the consequences of an attack
  • Pamphlet released in pdf format on December 11, 2002
  • Another copy
  • The classified version of this report is known as National Security Presidential Directive 17 (NSPD 17) and Homeland Security Presidential Directive 4, signed May 2002
  • The complete report is described in an article by Mike Allen and Barton Gellman in the Washington Post on Dec. 11, 2002, p. A1; use Academic Universe (UMich Only) to access the article

• Patterns of Global Terrorism (State Dept)
  • Summary of terrorist acts by continent and country since 1996
  • Appendix provides a chronology of terrorist acts and a description of the terrorist groups
  • Older printed editions available in the Graduate Library stacks as: HV 6431 .I58

• U.S. Commission on National Security/21
  • Known as the Hart-Rudman Commission
  • New World Coming
    • Phase I report issued in October 1999
    • Recommends a cabinet-level position for protection of the homeland
    • Full text also available in paper copy in the Graduate Library under the title New World Coming (UA 23 .N471 1999)
    • Summary available from the USIA
  • Seeking a National Strategy: A Concert for Preserving Security and Freedom (UNT)
    • Phase II report issued in April 2000
  • Roadmap for National Security: Imperative for Change (UNT)
    • Phase III report issued in February 2001
    • Changes needed in federal government organization
  • Hart-Rudman Commission and the Homeland Defense (Army)
    • Research report challenging the four basic assumptions of the report
  • See also America Still Unprepared

• U.S. Government Interagency Domestic Terrorism Concept of Operations Plan
  • Delineates roles of the FBI, FEMA, Defense Department, Energy Department, EPA, and Health and Human Services in case of a terrorist act
  • Dated January 2001

• White House Commission on Aviation and Security
  • Known as the Gore Commission
  • Recommended security measures against hijackers
  • Summary of recommendations appear in Aviation Safety, a hearing held by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, held March 5, 1997
    • See Documents Center for paper copy (Y4.C73/7:S.Hrg.105-271 or CIS fiche 98-S261-7)
    • Search Congressional Universe (UMich Only) for partial text

• Psychology of Terrorism (Randy Borum, NIJ)
  • Psychology of Terrorism is a descriptive text on the causes of terrorism
  • Annotated Bibliography extensively describes books and articles during a literature search

• Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism: Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why? (CRS)
  • Congressional Research Service report issued in September 1999 analyzing the characteristics of terrorists
  • Includes overall psychology and an analysis of previous terrorists
  • Widely discussed in mid-May 2002 for predicting the possibility of hijacking planes to hit the Pentagon, etc.
  • Another Copy (HTML)
  • Another Copy (text)

Foreign Governments

• Afghanistan (see above)

• Dubai
  • Dubai is part of the United Arab Emirates
  • Sheikh Mohammed
    • Daily press briefings in English and archived

• Egypt
  • Cairo Press Review
    • Daily headlines and editorials from Cairo newspapers translated into English
  • Egypt Online and Archive
    • News stories with Presidential statements

• Ethiopia
  • Ethiopian Embassy to the United States

• India
  • Embassy to the United States
    • Numerous press releases on the bombing
    • Assistance for Indian nationals missing loved ones in the World Trade Center

• Indonesia
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs
    • Press releases and statements in English

• Iran
  • Official Site of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran
    • Description of the structure of government of Iran
    • Names of the people occupying positions in the government
    • Text of the constitution and a few other important laws
    • Daily news in English
  • The Embassy of The Islamic Republic of Iran in Ottawa
    • Description of government found under Iran Information
    • Economic statistics, culture, women, religion, and tourism information
    • Includes speech of President Khatami condemning terrorism

• Israel
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs
    • Indepth coverage of Israel's conflict with the Palestinians, including timelines and source documents

• Jordan
  • Embassy to the United States
    • Jordans foreign policy
    • 2001 information not archived by the Way Back Machine

• Lebanon
  • Embassy to the United States
    • Primarily consular information
    • Search the Way Back Machine under http://www.lebanonembassy.org/ for 2001 archive

• Libya
  • Permanent Mission to the United Nations
    • Statements on Pan 103 Trial (Lockerbie)
    • Search the Way Back Machine under http://www.libya-un.org/ for archived coverage

• Oman
  • Ministry of Information
    • Foreign policy documents, written primarily in the 1990s

• Pakistan
  • Pakistan Ministry of Foreign Affairs
    • Statements regarding terrorism and Pakistan's offer of help
    • Archived Coverage
  • President Musharaf's Address on Terrorism
    • Address on countering terrorism
    • Bans terrorist groups and use of schools for preaching terrorism
    • Made January 12, 2002
  • Terrorism Against Pakistanis
    • Christians Massacred in Pakistan (BBC)
      • Eighteen Christians were killed in a church assault on October 28
      • Brief analysis of Pakistan's Christian minority
    • Bus Blast in Quetta (BBC)
      • Three people killed and more injured on October 28

• Palestine
  • Ministry of Information
    • Intifada news
    • Daily press news in English

• Russia
  • Embassy to the United States
    • Current foreign policy
    • Check the Way Back Machine under http://www.russianembassy.org/ for archived coverage

• Saudi Arabia
  • Saudi Arabia Information Service
    • Daily news translated into English
    • Includes Prince Saud's statements and terrorism and previous expulsion of Osama bin Laden

• Syria
  • Embassy to the United States

• Turkey
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs
    • Archived Coverage

• Yemen
  • Embassy to the United States
    • Archived Coverage

• Related Web Pages
  • Foreign Governments: Middle East
    • Includes list of area studies web sites on the Middle East
  • Foreign Government Resources on the Web
    • Lists foreign government web sites from all over the world
    • Special strength in Russia

Intelligence Problems

• Central Intelligence Agency
  • The Hijackers We Let Escape (Newsweek/UMich Only)
    • Lead article for June 10, 2002 by Michael Isikoff and Daniel Klaidman
    • CIA tracked two Pentagon hijackers beginning January 2000 in Kuala Lumpur
    • Allowed them to enter U.S. without notifying other agencies
  • CIA Statement on Pre-9/11 Activities
    • Description of CIA's efforts to control terrorism prior to Sept. 11 attacks
    • Statement made by CIA Director George Tenet to Senate Intelligence Committee on October 17, 2002
  • OIG Report on CIA Accountability with Respect to the 9/11 Attacks
    • Found that neither the U.S. government nor CIA Director George Tenet had a comprehensive strategy for combatting Al-Qaeda prior to 9/11
    • Tenet did not use all of his authority against counterterrorism
    • However, he was successful in reorganizing the CIA and was fully engaged in counterterrorism efforts
    • Report written in June 2005 and declassified in August 2007

• Congressional Investigations
  • Counterterrorism Intelligence Capabilities and Performance Prior to 9/11
    • House Intelligence Committee report summarizing results of executive hearings on intelligence failures
    • Report recommends changes needed by each of the intelligence agencies and corresponding work needed by Congress
    • Suggests CIA was too focused on Cold War tactics to aggressively pursue new terrorism war
    • Money meant for field agents had been diverted to intelligence agency headquarters
    • Saxby Chambliss was committee chair; report released on July 17, 2002
  • Final Report of the Intelligence Joint Inquiry into the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001
    • Findings
    • Recommendations - includes coordination and an intelligence czar
    • Additional Views by Senator Richard Shelby
    • Report released on December 11, 2002
  • Joint Inquiry into Intelligence Community Activities before and after the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001
    • Declassifed version of a joint investigation by the House and Senate Intelligence Committees
    • Released on July 24, 2003 (partial findings released Dec. 11, 2002)
    • Although intelligence community did not have specific information about 9/11 attack plans, it was inefficient in following through with related leads for many years
    • Includes numerous recommendations for improvement against terrorism
    • Portions of the text, particularly those involving foreign government activities, are classified
    • Web version 5.51 MB file or in individual chapters
    • Also issued as S. Rept. 107-351 and H. Rept. 107-792
  • Panel Finds No Smoking Gun (Washington Post)
    • Joint Senate-House Intelligence Committee finds no one intelligence failure that could have prevented 9/11 attacks
    • Report was not released but this should appear in news articles on July 11, 2002
    • Search article by title in Academic Universe (UMich Only)
  • Senate Intelligence Committee
    • Postwar Findings about Iraq's WMD Program and Links to Terrorism and How They Compare with PreWar Assessments
      • Report evaluates CIA prewar assessments of Iraq's WMD capability and its links to terrorism
      • Released September 8, 2006
    • Use by the Intelligence Community of Information Provided by the Iraqi National Congress
      • Explores role of Ahmed Chalabi and inaccurate information supplied by anti-Saddam forces

• Federal Aviation Administration
  • 9/11 Commission Records: Staff Monograph on the Four Flights and Civil Aviation Security (NARA)
    • Cites 52 warnings given to FAA between April and September 2001 on possible Al-Qaeda hijackers
    • Report classified until released by National Archives on February 10, 2005

• Federal Bureau of Investigation
  • Report of the FBI's Handling of Intelligence Information Related to the September 11 Attacks
    • Redacted report released by the Justice Department's Office of Inspector General in June 2005
    • Says FBI agents dropped the ball on the use of airlines for terrorist attacks and two of the hijackers
    • University of Michigan version divided into chapters for ease of downloading
    • Full version of report from the FBI at: http://www.justice.gov/oig/special/0506/final.pdf
  • Attorney General's Guidelines on FBI Investigations (May 30, 2002)
    • FBI Undercover Operations
    • Confidential Informants
    • General Crimes, Racketeering and Terrorism Investigations
    • Lawful, Warrantless Monitoring of Verbal Communications
  • FBI Flaws Alleged by Field Staff (Washington Post)
    • Coleen Rowley of the Minnesota Field Office alleged the FBI central office ignored numerous search warrants of Zacarias Moussaoui's communications before September 11
    • Article dated May 23, 2002
    • Search article by title in Academic Universe (UMich Only)
    • Cnn Article
    • Coleen Rowley's Memo on Moussaoui Investigation (Time Magazine)
      • Edited text of Minnesota FBI agent's memo to FBI Director Robert Mueller
      • On difficulties investigating Zacarias Moussaoui
  • Senators Question Author of Phoenix Memo
    • Kenneth Williams of FBI office in Phoenix requested FBI investigate Osama Bin Laden supports attended U.S. flight schools on July 10, 2001
  • FBI Strategic Focus
    • Plan announced by Director Robert Mueller on May 29, 2002
    • Lists new priorities of FBI with counterterrorism at the top
    • Establishment of "flying squads"
    • Reorganization chart
  • Senate Intelligence Committee Investigation of 9/11
    • Public hearings began on September 18, 2002
    • Web site includes prepared statements
    • Intelligence Community's Knowledge of the September 11th Hijackers Prior to September 11, 2001
      • Joint Congressional Committee report submitted by Eleanor Hill on September 20, 2002
    • Joint Inquiry Staff Testimony

• Immigration and Naturalization Service's Contacts with Two September 11 Terrorists
  • Result of investigation when Florida flight school received permission to train two al-Qaeda terrorists six months after they died in the September 11 attack
  • Report claims their admission to the U.S. was proper but failure to supervise contractor of I-20 forms, put higher priority on their processing, and paper tracking systems for foreign students were problems
  • Full Text in PDF format

• National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon The United States (9/11 Commission)
  • Archived Version of web site at University of North Texas
  • Independent commission headed by Thomas Kean and Lee Hamilton
  • Final Report released on July 22, 2004
    • Findings
      • No one person responsible but everyone responsible
      • Recommendations include: cabinet level head of intelligence, new national terrorism center, consolidated Congressional oversight committee
    • Executive Summary
      • 9/11 Commission (31p. pdf)
      • CNN Version (31 p. pdf)