CENSORSHIP AND THE MEDIA The location and call number of each publication is given in parentheses at the end of its bibliographic entry. All publications in this guide may be found on the 4th level (the main floor) unless otherwise noted. STEP ONE--Look at these articles to get background information: Abraham, Henry J. "Censorship." In vol. 2 of International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, pp. 356- 360. Edited by David Sills. New York: Macmillan and Free Press, 1968. (Ref. H40.A2I5 v.2) Covers history and analysis. Bibliography, p. 360. Baer, Walter S. Technology's Challenges to the First Amendment. Rand Paper P-7773. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corp., 1992. (AS36.R28 P-7773--3rd level) Threats posed by electronic information technologies to speech and press freedom and to privacy. Issues include databanks and privacy, commercial telephone solicitations and privacy, access to public information, and electronic censorship. Berkman, Dave. "If I Don't Like It, You Can't See It." USA Today (Periodical) 118 (March 1990): 50-2. (Per. L11.S36--6th level; also Education Library Periodicals) Discusses powerful alliance of religious fundamentalists and the FCC to control what they consider offensive programming. Bork, Robert H. "Blue Boys of the Airwaves." U.S. News & World Report 102 (April 27, 1987): 16-17. (Per. JK1.U65--6th level) FCC broadens definition of indecency. Censorship: Opposing Viewpoints. Edited by Terry O'Neill. Opposing Viewpoints Series, no. 26. St. Paul, Minn.: Greenhaven Press, 1985. 234 pp. (Ready Ref. H33.O666 v.26--Index Stand 1) Thirty-four opinions, pro and con, grouped into five chapters dealing with limits to free speech, regulation of the news media, national security, school and library censorship, and pornography. Each chapter ends with a list of relevant periodicals and the volume ends with a list of organizations to contact and a list of books. Corn, Robert. "The F.C.C. Cleans Up the Airways; Tipper's Revenge." The Nation 245 (Dec. 5, 1987): 679-681. (Per. AP2.N2--6th level) Donelson, Ken "Six Statements/Questions from the Censors." Phi Delta Kappan 69 (Nov. 1987): 208- 214. (Education Library Periodicals) Relies to six frequent questions posed by would-be censors. Donnelly, Harrison. "Broadcasting Deregulation." Editorial Research Reports, vol. 2 of 1987 (Dec. 4, 1987): 630-43. (Ready Ref. H35.E35--Index Stand 1) Debates over the fairness doctrine and programming standards. Partial contents: Continuing debate on TV violence; FCC's mixed signals on "indecent" programming; Protecting children's interests; Impact on news coverage. Dyk, Timothy B. "Newsgathering, Press Access, and the First Amendment." Stanford Law Review 44 (May 1992): 927-60. (Law Library Periodicals) Examines the rights of the press in covering the government. View that the courts should intervene to insure press access when government departs from the rules that government itself has established; when it discriminates in granting access, denies access that has traditionally been allowed, or, in some circumstances, where it grants access in an arbitrary and selective manner. Fischer, Raymond L. "Sex, Drugs, and TV: Stretching the Limits of Bad Taste." USA Today (Periodical) 118 (March 1990): 46-9. (Per. L11.S36--6th level; also Education Library Periodicals) Discusses violent and sexually explicit material on television, Congressional action, concerned organizations, and the activities of the "new" Federal Communications Commission. Gayoso, Jay A. "The FCC's Regulation of Broadcast Indecency: A Broadened Approach for Removing Immorality from the Airwaves." University of Miami Law Review 43 (March 1989): 871-919. (Law Library Periodicals) Partial contents: Indecent speech: a background; Action for Children's Television: making Pacifica workable; Defining indecency and the chilling effect on First Amendment rights. Kommers, Theodore F. "Increased Press Access to Information: Limiting the Range of Government Classification." Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy 6 (no. 1 of 1992): 217-44. (Law Library Periodicals) Argument for automatic declassification of information after a certain period of time, unless government renews classified status. Lively, Donald E. "Deregulatory Illusions and Broadcasting: the First Amendment's Enduring Forked Tongue." North Carolina Law Review 66 (June 1988): 963-976. (Law Library Periodicals) Argues that broadcasters should be accorded the same First Amendment guarantees as print journalists; U.S. Supreme Court decisions; role of the FCC. Criticizes the individualized approach to media regulation represented by the fairness doctrine. Naughton, Edward J. "Is Cyberspace a Public Forum? Computer Bulletin Boards, Free Speech, and State Action." Georgetown Law Journal 81 (Dec. 1992): 409-41. (Law Library Periodicals) Whether obscene or defamatory communication on electronic bulletin boards can be restricted by board operators; some focus on 1990 and 1991 Prodigy network cases. O'Looney, John. "Fractured Decision Making: Sunshine Laws and the Colliding Roles of Media and Government." National Civic Review 81 (Winter/Spring 1992): 43-56. (Per. JS39.N3--6th level) Negative influence of open meeting laws combined with changes in the style and nature of political news reporting. O'Shaughnessy, William. "Broadcasting and Censorship: Government's Intrusion and Public Interest." In Public Interest and the Business of Broadcasting: The Broadcast Industry Looks at Itself, pp. 97-100. Edited by Jon T. Powell and Wally Gair. New York: Quorum Books, 1988. 193 pp. (KF2805.P83 1988-- 5th level) Reed, Julia. "Raunch 'n' Roll Radio Is Here to Stay." U.S. News & World Report 102 (May 4, 1987): 52. (Per. JK1.U65--6th level) Saltzman, Joe. "An Indecent Proposal." USA Today (Periodical) 116 (July 1987): 95. (Per. L11.S36--6th level; also Education Library Periodicals) FCC's new definition of indecency is too vague and is a dangerous form of censorship. Schiller, Zachary, and Mark Landler. "P&G Can Get Mad, Sure, But Does It Have to Get Even?" Business Week, June 4, 1990, p. 65. (Per. HF5001.B89--6th level; also Management Library Microfilm 26) Pulls all TV advertising from stations airing an ad advocating boycott of Folgers coffee due to Salvadoran connections. Sheinfeld, Lois P. "FCC Doublespeak." Film Comment 23 (Sept./Oct. 1987): 87-90. (Per. PN1993.F438--6th level) Smith, Jeffery A. "Prior Restraint: Original Intentions and Modern Interpretations." William and Mary Law Review 28 (Spring 1987): 439-472. (Law Library Periodicals) Questions related to the type of government censorship the First Amendment was intended to prohibit. Sussman, Leonard R. "Press Freedom, Secrecy & Censors." Freedom at Issue, Jan.-Feb. 1987, pp. 7-12. (Per. D839.F732--6th level) Limits of press freedom and free press-government accommodation in 1986; major acts of censorship in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Near East. Partial contents: Losses of credibility--U.S. and USSR; "Information order" debates. Zoglin, Richard "Where Are the Censors?: A Titillating Fall Raises Questions About Network Standards." Time 132 (Dec. 12, 1988): 95. (Per. AP2.T37--6th level) During cost cutting the number of watchdogs was reduced. Networks are still more conservative than cable TV or films. STEP TWO--Find books on your topic by looking on ACORN: Acorn lists almost all books, periodicals, and most other library materials for all of the libraries at Vanderbilt University. Almost all U.S. government publications (also known as documents) issued after 1976 are listed on Acorn. At the Acorn Plus terminals, type choose acorn and press [ENTER] to use Acorn. You can search Acorn by author, title, keyword, or subject. Some subjects (s=) that you may find useful include: s=censorship s=defense information, classified s=freedom of information s=freedom of the press s=government and the press s=liberty of the press s=official secrets s=mass media--censorship s=mass media--law and legislation s=press law s=radio s=radio--law and legislation s=sex in mass media s=television--government policy s=television--law and legislation s=television--united states s=television broadcasting s=violence in mass media The subject headings that have been used to describe a book are listed on the ACORN screen, above the location and call number. Look up those subject headings on ACORN to find other books on those topics. After finding the call numbers for the books you want, check the location chart by the main elevators to find out the level on which those books are shelved. Selected Books: Carter, T. Barton. The First Amendment and the Fifth Estate: Regulation of Electronic Mass Media. 2nd ed. Westbury, N.Y.: Foundation Press, 1989. 764 pp. (Law Library Treatises KF2805.C37 1989) Chomsky, Noam. Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies. Boston, Mass.: South End Press, 1989. 422 pp. (P95.8.C48 1989--7th level) Labunski, Richard E. The First Amendment Under Siege: The Politics of Broadcast Regulation. Contributions in Political Science, no. 62. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1981. 184 pp. (KF2805.L3--5th level) Public Interest and the Business of Broadcasting: The Broadcast Industry Looks at Itself. Edited by Jon T. Powell and Wally Gair. New York: Quorum Books, 1988. 193 pp. (KF2805.P83 1988--5th level) Essays by a cross-section of broadcast professionals; U.S. Historical background including audience, ratings, the business of broadcasting, regulation, and censorship; application of the concept of public interest to station operations in small, medium, and large markets. Ray, William B. FCC: The Ups and Downs of Radio-TV Regulation. Ames: Iowa State Univ Press, 1990. 193 pp. (Law Library Treatises KF2765.1.R39 1990) Experiences of the US Federal Communications Commission. Actions involving news distortion, obscenity, medical quackery, preachers, the Fairness Doctrine, and broadcast deregulation. Schumach, Murray. The Face on the Cutting Room Floor: The Story of Movie and Television Censorship. New York, Morrow, 1964. 305 pp. (PN1994.A2 S3--7th level) STEP THREE--Find additional articles on your topic by looking at indexes: Newspaper Abstracts, 1987-. (Reference Room, Compact Disc Stations) Indexes national and international political and economic issues and includes short abstracts of each article. Covers: The Atlanta Constitution (Microfilm 1835--6th level) The Boston Globe (Microfilm 2359--6th level; FILM FOR 1989-1992 ONLY) The Chicago Tribune (Microfilm 2364--6th level; FILM FOR 1989-1992 ONLY) The Christian Science Monitor (Microfilm 1484--6th level) The Los Angeles Times (Microfilm 2220--6th level) The New York Times (Microfilm 455--6th level) The Wall Street Journal (Microfilm 1413--6th level) The Washington Post (Microfilm 1957--6th level). Paper versions of these indexes and of The Times [London] (Microfilm 796--6th level) are located on the North Wall of the Reference Room with call numbers beginning with Ref. AS21. In the paper versions, articles are arranged chronologically under each subject. The issues themselves are on microfilm in the Microform/Media Center on the 6th level. PAIS on Silver Platter [compact disc], 1976-. (Reference Room, Compact Disc Stations) Compact disc version for 1976 to date of Public Affairs Information Service Bulletin, 1916-. Indexes books, pamphlets, and government publications, in addition to selected articles in 1,400 periodicals. Covers current events and issues, including economic and social conditions, government and politics, and international relations. You do not have to type k= before typing your terms; use the * (asterisk) to truncate substitute for word endings). Look here for widest variety of sources. Periodical Abstracts--Research II, 1986-, and Social Sciences Index/Fulltext, 1989-. (Reference Room, Proquest Compact Disc Stations) Periodical Abstracts--Research II abstracts and indexes articles from more than 1200 general magazines and academic journals, of which articles from about 350 are available full-text. Covers current affairs, social sciences, and the humanities, and has limited coverage of sciences and business. Social Sciences Index/Fulltext indexes about 350 journals in the social sciences, of which articles from about 220 are available full-text. You do not have to type k= before typing your terms; use the ? (question mark) to truncate (substitute for word endings). After printing the list of relevant articles, use the location guides at the compact disc stations or use Acorn to find the call number and location of each magazine you want. STEP FOUR--Find government documents on your topic: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Media Restriction in South Africa: hearings, 100th Cong., 2nd sess., March 15-16, 1988. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1988. iii, 206 pp. (Docs. Y 4.F 76/1:M 46/6) Impact of government restrictions on the media's ability to inform both the majority population and those outside of South Africa of the realities there. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Sex and Violence on TV: hearings, 94th Congress, 2nd session, July 9-Aug. 18, 1976, on the issue of televised violence and obscenity ... Serial no. 94-140. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1977. 378 pp. (Documents (annex) Y 4.In 8/4:94-140) Articles about the Persian Gulf War Gottschalk, Marie. "Operation Desert Cloud: the Media and the Gulf War." World Policy Journal 9 (Summer 1992): 449-86. (Per. D839.W5687--6th level) Examines why the US media succumbed to prepublication review and censorship from the military. Jacobs, Matthew J. "Assessing the Constitutionality of Press Restrictions in the Persian Gulf War. " Stanford Law Review 44 (Feb. 1992): 675-726. (Law Library Periodicals) Katz, Steven L., ed. "Symposium Issue: Sand Trap: the Military and the Media During the Persian Gulf War." Government Information Quarterly 9 (no. 4 of 1992): 375-496. (Govt. Info. Ref. Alcove Z1223.Z7G684--North Wall) Military secrets vs. freedom of the press; recommendations for future war coverage; 5 articles. United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Pentagon Rules on Media Access to the Persian Gulf War: hearing, 102nd Cong., 1st sess., Feb. 20, 1991. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1991. (Govt. Info. Y 4.G 74/9:S.hrg. 102-178) Prepared by Larry Romans and Tom Rupsis, Central Library, Vanderbilt University, September 1993