Indian Tribe = Race

Any Indian tribe, band, nation, Pueblo, or other organized group or community, acknowledged by the federal government to constitute a tribe with a government-to-government relationship with the United States, pursuant to 25 CFR part 83. Members of a tribe may live in any location. Tribes, or races, defined by the Census Bureau in 2000:

200 Alaskan Athabascan alone 201 Alaskan Athabascan alone or in any combination 202 Aleut alone 203 Aleut alone or in any combination 204 Apache alone 205 Apache alone or in any combination 206 Blackfeet alone 207 Blackfeet alone or in any combination 208 Cherokee alone 209 Cherokee alone or in any combination 210 Cheyenne alone 211 Cheyenne alone or in any combination 212 Chickasaw alone 213 Chickasaw alone or in any combination 214 Chippewa alone 215 Chippewa alone or in any combination 216 Choctaw alone 217 Choctaw alone or in any combination 218 Colville alone 219 Colville alone or in any combination	220 Comanche alone 221 Comanche alone or in any combination 222 Cree alone 223 Cree alone or in any combination 224 Creek alone 225 Creek alone or in any combination 226 Crow alone 227 Crow alone or in any combination 228 Delaware alone 229 Delaware alone or in any combination 230 Eskimo alone 231 Eskimo alone or in any combination 232 Houma alone 233 Houma alone or in any combination 234 Iroquois alone 235 Iroquois alone or in any combination 236 Kiowa alone 237 Kiowa alone or in any combination 238 Latin American Indian alone 239 Latin American Indian alone or in any combination	240 Lumbee alone 241 Lumbee alone or in any combination 242 Menominee alone 243 Menominee alone or in any combination 244 Navajo alone 245 Navajo alone or in any combination 246 Osage alone 247 Osage alone or in any combination 248 Ottawa alone 249 Ottawa alone or in any combination 250 Paiute alone 251 Paiute alone or in any combination 252 Pima alone 253 Pima alone or in any combination 254 Potawatomi alone 255 Potawatomi alone or in any combination 256 Pueblo alone 257 Pueblo alone or in any combination 258 Puget Sound Salish alone 259 Puget Sound Salish alone or in any combination	260 Seminole alone 261 Seminole alone or in any combination 262 Shoshone alone 263 Shoshone alone or in any combination 264 Sioux alone 265 Sioux alone or in any combination 266 Tlingit-Haida alone 267 Tlingit-Haida alone or in any combination 268 Tohono O'Odham alone 269 Tohono O'Odham alone or in any combination 270 Ute alone 271 Ute alone or in any combination 272 Yakama alone 273 Yakama alone or in any combination 274 Yaqui alone 275 Yaqui alone or in any combination 276 Yuman alone 277 Yuman alone or in any combination

American Indian and Alaska Native Areas Wall Map


http://www.census.gov/geo/www/maps/aian_wall_map/aian_wall_map.htm

Maps of American Indian geographic areas by name of the village or reservation. Viewable or downloadable in .gif or .pdf format.

Native American Tribes by State

Native American Tribes by State


http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/xls/aistate2.xls

Native American Tribes by State and Reservation


http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/xls/aires2.xls

CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING: 2000

Census Questionnaires: 1990 and 2000

Marital status, housing value and rent in the 1990 Census appear as sample data in the 2000 Census. Grandparents as caregivers added. Condominium housing, water and sewer dropped in the 2000. Multiple races possible in 100% portion of the 2000 Census; data may not be comparable to previous years.

100-Percent Items
1990		2000
Population	Housing	Population	Housing
Household relationship	Tenure (owner or rented)	Household relationship	Tenure (owner or rented)
Sex	Units in structure	Sex
Race (one race only)	Rooms in unit	Race (multiple races)
Hispanic origin	Vacancy characteristics	Hispanic origin
Age	Value of home	Age
Marital status	Rent paid
...	Congregate housing	...

Sample Items
1990		2000
Population	Housing	Population	Housing
			Units in structure
			Rooms in unit
		Marital status	Value of home
		Grandparents as caregivers	Rent paid
School enrollment	Year structure built	School enrollment	Year structure built
Educational attainment	Year moved into residence	Educational attainment	Year moved into residence
State or foreign country of birth	Source of water	State or foreign country of birth
Citizenship and year of immigration	Sewage disposal	Citizenship and year of immigration
Language spoken at home	Heating fuel	Language spoken at home	Heating fuel
Ancestry	Plumbing and kitchen facilities	Ancestry	Plumbing and kitchen facilities
Place of residence 5 years ago	Number of bedrooms	Place of residence 5 years ago	Number of bedrooms
Veteran status	Farm residence	Veteran status	Farm residence
Disability	Telephone	Disability	Telephone
Labor force status	Vehicles available	Labor force status	Vehicles available
Place of work	Shelter costs	Place of work	Shelter costs
Journey to work	Condominium status	Journey to work
Occupation	Utilities	Occupation
Industry		Industry
Class of worker		Class of worker
Work experience in 1989		Work experience in 1999
Income/poverty in 1989		Income/poverty in 1999
Fertility
Year last worked

Key factors to research: age, race, sex, the elderly, income and poverty, unemployment, industry, occupation, and type of disability (e.g. mobility limitation). The Census does not cover deaths in a given year or individual disabilities such as being quadriplegic.

Definitions for the 2000 Census appear in the Appendix B to the Summary File 3 Technical Documentation

http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdb.pdf

Facsimile questionnaires appear in Appendix D of the Summary File 3 Technical Documentation:

http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdd.pdf.

DATA NOTES

• Multiple Races. The 2000 Census permitted people to choose multiple races. They are tabulated into six categories: white; black or African-American, American Indian or Alaska native; Asian; native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and Other. The Arab population is considered white. Most tables also have a seventh category named Two or More Races. Approximately 2-3% of all people reported multiple races in the 2000 Census Many people believe the 2000 racial data is not comparable to 1990.

  There were only five (rather than seven) standard tabulations in 1990. These include white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Guamanian, Hawaiian, Japanese, Korean, Samoan, Vietnamese, other) American Indian (or Alaska Native) and other.

• Hispanic. Hispanic is not a race so is usually covered in a separate table. Some tables provide data for Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and other. The Hispanic question was asked after the racial question in 1990. Many of the numbers in "Other Race" can be attributed to Hispanics. The Hispanic question was asked before the racial question in 2000 so may be more accurate.

• Calculating Minorities

METHOD A		Michigan
Total Population - Non-Hispanic White = Minorities		9,938,444 -7,806,691 =2,131,753
METHOD B		Michigan
White Alone - Non-Hispanic White = Hispanic White	7,966,053 -7,806,691 =0,159,362	White Hispanic + Black Alone + American Indian Alone + Asian Alone + Hawaiian/PI Alone + Other Alone + Two + Races = Minority	0,159,362 +1,412,742 +0,058,479 +0,176,510 +0,002,692 +0,129,552 +0,192,416 =2,131,753

• Labor Force. Labor force participation includes people who have jobs or want them. Reasons for not participating in the labor force include age, disability, family matters, retirement, school enrollment, etc.

• Unemployment. Unemployment is calculated by dividing the people who want jobs but don't have them by the labor force.

• Income. Income is calculated for households (families, people living alone, people living together but not related), families (related by blood or marriage), individuals, and per capita (including children).

• Median = half below level and half above level; Mean = average.

• Poverty. Poverty rates are calculated by the Census Bureau using the family income and size of the family. See http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/threshld/thresh99.html

• Group Quarters. The category includes institutionalized people (nursing homes, mental institutions, prisons) and non-institutionalized people (college dorms and military quarters).

Census Geography
See also a Map Example

State
	Metro Area
		County
			Place
				Census Tract
					Block Group
						Block

In addition, an Urban Cluster is a densely settled area of 2,500 to 50,000 persons, and an Urbanized Area is a densely settled area of over 50,000. It is possible to have urban clusters outside metropolitan areas, and rural sections within a metropolitan area.

Summary File 1
Subjects	Geography	Race
Household relationship Sex Race Hispanic origin Age, including single years Housing owner/renter occupied Group Quarters Unmarried partners	All levels to block Some details limited to tract	Seven Major Racial Groups

Summary File 2
Subjects	Geography	Race
Household relationship Sex Race Hispanic origin Age Housing owner/renter occupied Group Quarters Unmarried partners Extremely detailed cross classifications by 250 races	All levels to census tract Must have 100 of race in area	132 races, 78 Native American tribal categories (39 tribal groups), 39 Hispanic groups. Best for Epidem 552

Summary File 3
>Subjects		Geography	Race
Subjects in SF 1 in less detail Marital status Grandparents as caregivers School enrollment Educational attainment State or foreign country of birth Citizenship and year of immigration Language spoken at home Ancestry Place of residence 5 years ago Veteran status Disability Labor force status Place of work Journey to work Occupation Industry	Class of worker Work experience in 1999 Income and poverty in 1999 Housing units in structure Rooms in unit Value of home Rent paid Year structure built Year moved into residence Heating fuel Plumbing and kitchen facilities Number of bedrooms Farm residence Telephone Vehicles available Monthly shelter costs	All levels to block group Racial breakdowns only at tract level	Seven Major Racial Groups

Summary File 4
Subjects	Geography	Race
Subjects covered in Summary File 3 Detailed cross classifications by race and ancestry	All levels to census tract	132 races, 78 Native American tribal categories (39 tribal groups), 39 Hispanic groups and 86 ancestries. Best for Epidem 552

American Indian/Native American File
Subjects	Geography	Race
Subjects covered in Summary Files 1 and 3	Nation, states, metro areas and AIAN homelands.	1081 AIAN tribes

Demographic Profiles
Subjects	Geography
Brief data in SF1, SF2, SF3, and SF4	U.S., states, counties, places, MCDs, MSAs, Native American areas, and 106th Congress Districts

Technical Documentation

Summary File 1 Technical Documentation

http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf1.pdf

Summary File 2 Technical Documentation

http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf2.pdf

Summary File 3 Technical Documentation

Technical documentation appears on the Census Bureau web site at: http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf3.pdf. Due to the size (7.1 M) and the value of individual components, the Documents Center has divided the pdf into the following segments:
• Chapter 1: Title and Abstract [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td1.pdf] - 757K
• Chapter 2: How to Use This Documentation [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td2.pdf] - 484K
• Chapter 3: Subject Locator [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td3.pdf] - 121K
• Chapter 4: Summary Level Sequence [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td4.pdf] - 42K
• Chapter 5: List of Tables [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td5.pdf] - 197K
• Chapter 6: Summary Table Outlines [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td6.pdf] - 632K
• Chapter 7: Data Dictionary [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td7.pdf] - 1.6 M (all individual variables in all tables with codes). Also subdivided into segments
  • Geographic Record Codes [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td7a.pdf] - 96K
  • Population Tables P1-P160I [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td7b.pdf] - 418K
  • Population Tables PCT1-PC76L [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td7c.pdf] - 713K
  • Housing Tables H1-HCT48I [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td7d.pdf] - 417K
• Chapter 8: Accuracy of the Data [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td8.pdf] - 141K
• Chapter 9: User Notes and Updates [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td9.pdf] - 241K
• Appendix A: Geographic Terms [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tda.pdf] - 342K
• Appendix B: Subject Definitions [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdb.pdf] - 381K
• Appendix C: Data Collection and Processing [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdc.pdf] - 140K
• Appendix D: Questionnaire [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdd.pdf] - 259K
• Appendix E: Data Products and User Assistance [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tde.pdf] - 513K
• Appendix F: Maps [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdf.pdf] - 915K
• Appendix G: CODE LISTS
  • Ancestry [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg1.pdf] - 60K
  • Group Quarters [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg2.pdf] - 56K
  • Hispanic [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg3.pdf] - 26K
  • Industry [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg4.pdf] - 59K
  • Language [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg5.pdf] - 50K
  • Occupation [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg6.pdf] - 92K
  • Race [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg7.pdf] - 115K
  • States and Foreign Countries [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg8.pdf] - 42K

Summary File 4

http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf4.pdf

Data Sets is the major data access point. It includes links to 2000 and 1990 Decennial Censuses, American Community Survey, and 1997 Economic Census.

With DATA SETS, you have the option of choosing Summary File 1, 2, 3 or 4. Summary Files 2 and 4 are best for your purposes.

Within any SUMMARY FILE, there are several types of files:

• Quick Tables: one subject for one geography. These are comparable to the Demographic Profiles.
• Geographic Comparison Tables: one subject for multiple geographies (tracts in county)
• Thematic Maps
• Detailed Data - most detailed information; must download entire table
• Custom Tables - can download parts of one table or mix and match tables.

DETAILED DATA and CUSTOM TABLES provide subject and keyword searching for the tables but subject searching is usually the easiest.

PCT and HCT tables are more detailed than the P and H tables in terms of age, race, and subject breakdowns. Search results should be highlighted and ADDED to the box.

Geography can be chosen through LIST GEOGRAPHY, GEOGRAPHY WITHIN GEOGRAPHY, PLACE NAME SEARCHING, and ADDRESS SEARCHING. LIST GEOGRAPHY provides geographies one level down: e.g. blocks groups in one tract. GEO WITHIN GEO shows geography at least two levels down, e.g. all block groups in county.

Tables can be altered through THE LOCATIONAL BREADCRUMB AT THE TOP OF THE PAGE, and then changing the table, geography, or data set.

OPTIONS provides the geographic coding for a given table. RELATED ITEMS links to thematic maps and other data sets.

Data can be downloaded in comma-delimited and tab delimited formats, as is or with columns and rows transposed. All four formats label the rows and columns. Tables can also be downloaded in a comma delimited format ready for manipulation with large statistical packages. The rows and columns have coded rather than alphabetic headers.

Geographic Area: U.S., states, counties, places, census tracts, block groups, and blocks.

Time Period: 2000.

UPDATING THE CENSUS

Native American Data Availabity: 2006

There is some social and economic data for the 14 Native American reservations listed in the American Community Survey (below). The majority, though not all, of the residents on a particular reservation will be members of the tribe.

Five-year age groups by sex for Native Americans as a whole is available for counties in American Factfinder/Data Sets/2000 Census Summary File 1 Click on Choose All Geographic Types/American Indian Reservations/By County. Example.

There MAY be SOME social and economic characteristics available for individual tribes (e.g. Navajo, Chippewa) on a national basis through the American Community Survey's Public Use Microdata Samples.

Population Estimates http://www.census.gov/popest/datasets.html

Annual estimates of the population by large racial groups (including Native American as a whole) by five-year age groups, race and sex for the nation, states, and counties. Go to middle of the page for county estimates and then choose state. Use the file layout to manipulate your spreadsheet. EXAMPLE

American Community Survey. (http://factfinder.census.gov/)

Annual sample survey of the public with questions very similar to the 2000 Census sample questionnaire. Data is cumulated on a rolling basis and will eventually replace the 2010 sample questionnaire. Access is primarily through American Factfinder/Data Sets.

The 2005 survey provides data for the U.S. and states as well as counties, groups of counties (pumas), and cities over 65,000 in population. There is also data for the following Native American Reservations:

Cherokee OTSA, OK
Cherokees of Southeast Alabama SDAISA, AL
Cheyenne-Arapaho OTSA, OK
Chickasaw OTSA, OK
Choctaw OTSA, OK
Citizen Potawatomi Nation-Absentee Shawnee OTSA, OK
Coharie SDAISA, NC
Creek OTSA, OK
Echota Cherokee SDAISA, AL
Four Winds Cherokee SDAISA, LA
Kiowa-Comanche-Apache-Fort Sill Apache OTSA, OK
Lumbee SDAISA, NC
Navajo Nation Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, AZ--NM--UT
United Houma Nation SDAISA, LA

Data for places over 20,000 will be available in 2008; for census tracts in 2010.

American Community Survey Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples.

These are raw data files from the American Community Survey, which you can use to tabulate your own variables. The data for most tribes is at a national level only. Options for using them:

1. IPUMS Public Use Software. You will choose your variables on the lefthand side of the screen and filter for a particular tribe. See Example 1 and Example 2.
2. Contact the University of Michigan Documents Center (govdocs@umich.edu or Numeric and Spatial Data Service (nsds@umich.edu) for personalized assistance using PDQ Explore.

HEALTH DATA

CDC Wonder. (http://wonder.cdc.gov/)

Subjects include mortality, natality, AIDS, STDs, fluoridation, Census. Some data broken down by state or local area (e.g. death of black women by age and county and disease) or American Indian (leading causes of death, cancer, AIDS, natality, tuberculosis. EXAMPLE 1 and EXAMPLE 2. In Arizona, the Navajo Reservation covers Apache, Coconino and Navajo Counties while the Tohono O'Oodham live in Maricopa, Pima and Pinal Counties.

Geographic Area: U.S., states, and counties.

Time Period: 1979 to present.

Indian Health Service. (http://www.ihs.gov/)

Statistical data scattered throughout web site. Use a keyword search or go to: http://www.ihs.gov/nonmedicalprograms/ihs_stats/IHS_HQ_Publications.asp

Statistical Universe. ((http://web.lexis-nexis.com/statuniv/) (U Mich Only)

Indexes federal government statistical tables since 1974, business and state government publications since 1980, and international agency publications since 1983. SEARCH ABSTRACTS provides access to the most data. Keyword approach includes category searches (by type of geographic area, economic factor, or demographic characteristic). Only about 10% of the publications are linked via the Internet but you should definitely try searching the title in Google's Uncle Sam [http://www.google.com/ig/usgov]. All publications are available on microfiche in the Documents Center.

Geographic Area: Foreign, international, U.S., state, county, city, census tract, zip code, block group.

Time Period: Primarily 1973+

REFERENCE TOOLS

Citation Sources for Census and Online Data

• APA Format (Purdue)
  http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_apa.html
• Census Bureau
  http://www.census.gov/main/www/citation.html
• Government Publications (Memphis)
  http://exlibris.memphis.edu/resource/unclesam/citeweb.html

Excel for Census Data Users
(http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/excel/xlguide.pdf

Illustrated guide to using Excel, including transposing rows and columns, ranking and filtering data, converting Adobe Acrobat files into Excel.

FURTHER HELP

Subject	Librarian	E-Mail	Phone
Census	Grace York	graceyor@umich.edu	764-0410
Health Research	Helen Look	hlook@umich.edu	936-7663
Mapping/GIS	Karl Longstreth	karleric@umich.edu	764-0407
Statistical Manipulation/GIS	Jennifer Green	greenjen@umich.edu	615-7419

Grace York, Coordinator, Documents Center
The University of Michigan Library
graceyor@umich.edu

http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/epidem.html

Since July 16, 1999 this page has been accessed