Plagiarism Activities 1
| Intentional | Unintentional | ||
| Non-Attribution | |||
| Fraud Intentional "borrowing, purchasing, or otherwise obtaining work composed by someone else and submitted"2 under another's name. |
Patchwriting Not always thought of as academic dishonesty, patchwriting is "half-copy[ing] the author's sentences . . .by plugging your synonyms into the author's sentence structure."3 It can occur whether or not the original author is cited. |
Failure to Cite Summarizing, paraphrasing or using author's exact language without properly citing the source using footnotes, endnotes or parenthetical notes. |
Failure to Quote Using original author's exact language without using quotation marks or block quotation. Often results from students' inexperience with the material or discourse community |
| 1 Model taken from Rebecca Moore Howard, "Plagiarism, Authorships, and the Academic Death Penalty," College English 57 (Nov. 1995), 788-806. 2 Ibid., 799. 3 Diana Hacker, The Bedford Handbook, (New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1998), 572. |
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