LEGAL INFORMATION IN STERNE LIBRARY Linda S. Harris Business Reference Bibliographer C. Diann Weatherly Documents Reference Librarian Mervyn H. Sterne Library The University of Alabama at Birmingham Table of Contents Introduction 1 Legal Writing, Analysis, and Research 1 Legal Citations 2 Background Sources and Reference Aids 2 The Constitution and the Supreme Court of the United States 4 Reporters and Annotated Editions 5 Federal Statutes (Public Laws) 6 Federal Court Opinions 6 Alabama Statutes (Public Laws) 7 Alabama Court Opinions 7 Other State Statutes (Public Laws) 8 Other State and Region Court Opinions 8 Shepard's Citations 8 Federal Regulations 9 Periodical Indexes 9 Tax Services 10 Labor Services 10 Legal Abbreviations 11 INTRODUCTION Although UAB does not offer a degree in law, Sterne Library does hold a rather extensive legal collection. The purpose of this collection is to support legal information needs in other subject areas, such as education law, the legal aspects of social sciences, tax law, language and the law, etc. While this guide provides information on laws, case law, and legal background sources, you may wish to ask at the Information/Reference Desk for these Sterne Library guides as well: Finding Regulations, Finding a Law in Sterne Library's Collection, and Legislative Research Guide. For more information on sources of legal information, the following are excellent sources: Cohen, Morris L., et. al. How to Find the Law. 9th ed. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co, 1989. (Ref KF 240 C538 1989) A practical guide to legal bibliography, it comprehensively treats the problems of legal research with illustrations from various publications, together with a legal bibliography for each state and the federal government. Corbin, John. Find the Law in the Library: A Guide to Legal Research. Chicago: American Library Association, 1989. (Ref KF 240 C63 1989) This book presents a basic procedure for legal research. It gives a brief overview of substantive law and publication patterns for the sources of law. It outlines general principles used in researching a legal problem. It also outlines the law as it affects the individual throughout their life. Elias, Stephen. Legal Research: How to Find and Understand the Law. 2nd ed. Berkeley: Nolo Press, 1986. (Ref KF 240 E35 1986) This book shows how to decipher the code of the law library. It explains how to: find laws that relate to a case or legal question, read and interpret statutes and regulations, use law reviews, encyclopedias and digests, and understand case citations and Shepardize them. Legal Writing, Analysis, and Research In addition, the following books will be helpful to those involved in legal research and writing of briefs, memorandums, etc. Larbalestrier, Deborah E. Paralegal Practice and Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Legal Assistant. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1986. (Ref KF 320 L4 L36 1986) Rombauer, Marjorie Dick. Legal Problem Solving: Analysis, Research, and Writing. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co., 1973. (KF 240 R64 1973; 3rd floor) Statsky, William P. and R. John Wernet, Jr. Case Analysis and Fundamentals of Legal Writing. 2nd ed. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co., 1984. (KF 240 S78 1984; 3rd floor) LEGAL CITATIONS In its simplest form, a legal citation is often expressed with a volume number, an abbreviation for the source, then a page or section number. In the examples given below, (1) is a court case and (2) is a statute (a law). In both cases, the volume number is stated first, then the source abbreviation and finally the page number. (3) shows a citation which involves section numbers ( ), with the first number indicating the title of this code and the final two numbers the section numbers within that title. (1) Court Case 93 S. Ct. 705 (2) U.S. Statute 101 Stat. 1075 (3) State Code ALA. CODE 15-16-1 For a more extensive explanation of legal citation, and lists of legal abbreviations, the following source is suggested: The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation. 16th ed. Cambridge, CT: The Harvard Law Review Association, 1996. (Ref KF 245 U5 16th ed.; Reference/Information Desk) This source is the standard reference book for the principles of legal citation. In addition to explanations and examples for citing most legal sources, it contains an extensive section on abbreviations (see the blue- shaded section), including a list for each state. The section entitled "Typical Legal Citations Analyzed," pages 5-9, gives an excellent, quick overview of various legal citations. BACKGROUND SOURCES AND REFERENCE AIDS Sometimes the best way to begin research on a legal topic is to find a book, periodical article, or encyclopedia article which will describe the main issues involved as well as any key laws and cases. Legal dictionaries and encyclopedias may be needed to understand terminology and ideas. Since many legal publications are referred to by abbreviations, the abbreviation of each title is given in brackets after the full title. American Jurisprudence, Second Edition. [abbrev. Am. Jur. 2d]. Rochester, NY: The Lawyers Co-Operative Publishing Co.:1962. (Ref KF 154 A42) Arranged alphabetically by topic, this legal encyclopedia provides an overview as well as footnote references to state and federal court decisions. "Pocket parts" in the back of each volume update the information found in the main text. In addition to a general index at the end of the set, each volume has a subject index. The Desk Book includes historical and legal documents, facts, tables, charts, and statistics of special interest to attorneys. The New Topic Service introduces material on rapidly changing or new topics. Black, Henry Campbell. Black's Law Dictionary. 6th ed. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co., 1990. (Ref KF 156 B3 1990) This dictionary is considered a standard source in legal research. It has definitions of the terms and phrases of American and English jurisprudence, ancient and modern. Especially helpful is a list of legal abbreviations for legal publications (see the table of contents for page number). Corpus Juris Secundum [abbrev. C.J.S.] St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co., 1985. (Ref KF 65 M3) A legal encyclopedia which is a complete restatement of the entire American law as developed by all reported cases. This set has not been kept up-to-date since Sterne does not subscribe to the current pocket parts. For a more up to date encyclopedia, see American Jurisprudence, this section. The Guide to American Law. St. Paul, MN: West Pub. Co., 1983. (Ref KF 156 G77 1983) Presents in one reference set a panorama of the American legal system. The Guide encompases not only legal principles and concepts, but also contains landmark documents and important acts, trials, historical events and biographies of prominent individuals. Index to Legal Periodicals. New York: The H.W. Wilson Co. (Ref KF 8 I6) Published for the American Association of Law Libraries, this is a monthly index of the major legal periodicals with annual cumulations. The volumes consist of a subject and author index, a table of cases and a book review index. Sterne Library owns a relatively small number of the periodicals indexed (ask at the Information Desk for a list). Shepard's Acts and Cases by Popular Names: Federal and State. 3rd ed. Colorado Springs, CO: Shepard's/McGraw-Hill, 1986. (Ref KF 90 S52) Many acts/laws and cases come to be known by "popular names," such as "Title 9" or "The Fair Housing Act." Legal sources arrange laws and cases by some type of numbering system (e.g. PL99-126 or 91 SCt 386). Shepard's translates the popular name to a number which can then be used to find the law or case. The United States Code Annotated and the U.S. Code and Congressional and Administrative News, listed below, contain popular name tables, as well. Shepard's Citations. See page 8 of this guide. U.S. Law Week: Supreme Court and General Law. [abbrev. U.S.L.W.]. Washington, D.C.: The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. (Ref KF 25 U5) A looseleaf service reporting all major legal issues, divided by General Law and Supreme Court actions. This source is often the first place court opinions can be found. The "Summary and Analysis of Current Legal Developments" section, along with the excellent index, offer a good overview on current legal developments. Words and Phrases, Permanent Edition: 1658 to Date. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co., 1964. (Ref KF 156 W6) As the title page describes it, "All judicial constructions and definitions of words and phrases by the state and federal courts from the earliest times, alphabetically arranged and indexed." Each volume updated by pocket parts. The index is shelved at the end of the set. THE CONSTITUTION AND THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Above all other U.S. law is the Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States, acting as the interpreter of constitutional law. Below are listed some sources which provide copies of the Constitution, background information, lists of cases and Supreme Court justices, and annotated editions of Constitutional law. In addition, most of the general encyclopedias, found near the Information/Reference Desk, contain copies of the Constitution, as well as general information, on both the Constitution and the Supreme Court of the United States. Bartholomew, Paul C. and Joseph F. Menez. Summaries of Leading Cases on the Constitution. 12th ed. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld, 1983. (Ref KF 4547.8 B3 1980) Concise descriptions of the leading cases of the Supreme Court through the 1981/82 term. Each description states the question, the decision, the reason, and corollary cases in addition to the summary. Includes a glossary and a list of members of the Supreme Court, 1789-1982. Elliott, Stephen P., ed. A Reference Guide to the United States Supreme Court. New York: Facts on File, 1986. (Ref KF 8742 R45 1986) Provides excellent and easy to understand explanations of the workings of the Supreme Court, including the role of the court, division of power of the branches of the government, etc. Several appendices are included, with lists of chief justices, etc.; however, other sources, listed below, are more up to date. Hall, Kermit L., James W. Ely, Jr., Joel B. Grossman, and William M. Wiecek. The Oxford Companion to The Supreme Court of the United States. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1992. (Ref KF 8742 A35 O93 1992) Main body of the book offers an alphabetical listing of topics, including court cases, subjects, terminology, and court justices. Included in the appendices are: a chronological listing of nominations and succession of the justices, 1789-1991; a case index; a topical index; a list of "trivia and traditions" of the court; and a copy of the constitution. Johnson, John W. Historic U.S. Court Cases 1690-1990: An Encyclopedia. New York: Garland Publishing, 1992. (Ref KF 385 A4 J64 1992) 171 short essays on Supreme Court cases, chosen for historic significance or fame. Killian, Johnny H. and Leland E. Beck, eds. The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation: Annotations of Cases Decided by the Supreme Court of the United States to July 2, 1982 (with a pocket part up to July 7, 1986). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1987. (Ref KF 4527 K54 1987x) Contains in-depth discussion of the U.S. Constitution and each of the amendments, including the history and scope and annotations for Supreme Court cases. Also of interest may be the chapter on "Proposed Amendments Not Ratified by the States." Biennial update for the pocket part in back. Levy, Leonard W., Kenneth L. Karst, Dennis J. Majoney, eds. Encyclopedia of the American Constitution. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1986. (Ref KF 4548 E53 1986) In an easy-to-use format provides short entries for cases, persons, events, terminology, etc., on topics related to the U.S. Constitution. Has several useful appendixes, including a chronology of important events in constitutional law up to 1985 (Appendix 7 in vol. 4). McCarrick, Earlean M. U.S. Constitution: A Guide to Information Sources. Detroit, MI: Gale Research Co., 1980. (Ref KF 4546 A1 M26) Bibliography to sources on the constitutional system, each article, Bill of Rights, etc. Reporters and Annotated Editions (for the U.S. Constitution and U.S. Supreme Court Cases) United States Reports [abbrev. U.S.]. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. This source is the "official" reporter for U.S. Supreme Court cases. Sterne Library does not own this set. In this library, use the Supreme Court Reporter, listed below. Supreme Court Reporter [abbrev. S. Ct.]. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co. (Ref KF 101 S7) Contains cases of the U.S. Supreme Court. For the cases cited with "U.S.," use the tables at the beginning of the volume to translate the U.S. page numbers to the Supreme Court Reporter page numbers. United States Supreme Court Digest. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co. (Ref KF 8741 A53 U5) With the Digest you can find citations to the Supreme Court Reporter by names of plaintiffs, defendants, and by subject. Updated by pocket parts. United States Code Annotated: Constitution of the United States Annotated: Annotations from Federal and State Courts. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co. (Ref KF 4527 C62) Like other West legal publications, a copy of the text with historical notes and comprehensive lists of cases. The Constitution and amendments are printed with the notes following each section. Pocket parts and cumulative supplements update the set. U.S. Law Week: Supreme Court and General Law. [abbrev. U.S.L.W.]. Washington, D.C.: The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. (Ref KF 25 U5) The main purpose this source serves is its timeliness. The full text of Supreme Court opinions are published in this source before any of the other sources. There are two volumes in this set, the first on the Supreme Court and the second on federal and state cases. Both volumes have an index in the back. FEDERAL STATUTES (PUBLIC LAWS) The United States Statutes at Large [abbrev. Stat]. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. (Ref KF 50 U58) The complete texts, as they were originally passed, of public laws, reorganization plans, private laws, and concurrent resolutions and proclamations. Public laws are listed chronologically in this source, by Public Law number. This is a good source to use to find the entire text of a law in one place. This source does not include changes, deletions or amendments. For the current law on a topic, use the United States Code Annotated, listed below. The present series of Statutes at Large starts with vol. 18 (1873-). It was preceded by Laws of the United States (1789-1813) and other editions. Since 1956, the series has contained a table at the end called "Laws Affected Tables" which indicates how prior laws were affected. United States Code [abbrev. U.S.C.]. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Sterne Library does not own this set, which is the "official" reporter. In this library, use the United States Code Annotated, listed below. United States Code Annotated [abbrev. U.S.C.A.]. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co., 1985. (Ref KF 62 1927 W45) In this source, current laws of the United States are divided by categories, or "codified." Laws are "annotated" with information on relevant regulations, court decisions, articles, legislative history, etc. It is kept up-to-date by cumulative, annual, pocket parts containing amendments and additions. U.S. Code Congressional and Administrative News. [abbrev. U.S.C.C.A.N.]. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co. (Ref KF 48) Like the Statutes at Large, the U.S.C.C.A.N. contains the original text of laws, but by both the Public Law number and the Statutes at Large number. In addition, it contains the presidential signings, statements, proclamations and executive orders. Also included are lists of the members of Congress, congressional committees and members, legislative histories and several indexes. The current issues contain an index- digest of bills enacted. This source is published semi-monthly during the sessions of Congress, and monthly when congress is not in session. FEDERAL COURT OPINIONS Federal Reporter, 2d Series [abbrev. F.2d]. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co. (Ref KF 105 F4) Presents cases argued and determined in the United States Court of Appeals and Temporary Emergency Court of Appeals. It includes a list of the Judges of the Federal Courts, a table of cases reported, table of cases arranged by circuit and various federal rules as well as the full text of opinions. Federal Supplement [abbrev. F.Supp.]. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co. (Ref KF 105 F42) A compilation of cases argued and determined in the U.S. District Courts, U.S. Court of International Trade, and rulings of the Judicial Panel on multidistrict litigation. It also includes a list of judges of the federal courts. ALABAMA STATUTES (PUBLIC LAWS) Acts of Alabama. [abbrev. Ala. Acts]. [Montgomery, AL: State of Alabama]. (Ref KFA 25 A25) The laws of Alabama, arranged chronologically by law number. If you are looking for the entire text of a law in one place, this is a good source to use. If you are looking for the current law on a topic, however, use the Code, listed below. Code of Alabama. [abbrev. ALA. CODE]. Charlottesville, VA: The Michie Co./Bobbs-Merrill Law Publishing, 1977. (Ref KFA 30 1975) Arranges Alabama laws by topic (thus, "codified"). Use the Indexes shelved at the end of the set to find the title and section for your topic. Be sure to note the updates, or "pocket parts," at the back of each title, as well as any paper supplements which may have been added. Alabama Criminal Code Annotated, with Commentaries. Charlottesville, VA: The Michie Co., 1992. An annotated edition of Title 13A of the Code of Alabama, the "Criminal Code." The commentary and notes provide further understanding of the official text, plus provide references to key cases as well as cross references to other, related parts of the law. ALABAMA COURT OPINIONS Alabama Digest. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co. (Ref KFA 57 A5) Indexes Alabama state and federal cases, which are found in the Southern Reporter and the Southern Reporter, 2nd Series, listed below. Be sure to note the pocket parts and paper supplements. Gamble, Charles W. McElroy's Alabama Evidence. Birmingham, AL: Samford Univ. Press, 1991. (Ref KFA 540 G366 1992) Tracks major developments of Alabama evidence law. Shepard's Alabama Case Names Citator. Colorado Springs, CO: Shepard's/McGraw-Hill, Inc. (Ref KFA 59 S53) Lists Alabama case names by both the plaintiff and defendant names, with the full citation given for cases which appear in Alabama Reports, Alabama Appellate Court Reports, Southern Reporter (Alabama cases), and Southern Reporter, 2d Series (Alabama cases). Generally more current than the table of cases which appear in the Alabama Digest. Updated by supplements. Southern Reporter [abbrev. So.]. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co. (Ref KF 135 S8 S612) Southern Reporter, 2d Series [abbrev. So. 2d]. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co. (Ref KF 135 S8 S612) Contains cases decided in Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi. It includes a list of judges and table of cases reported by state. Sterne Library owns the Alabama Digest, listed above, which indexes Alabama cases; however, we do not own the specific digest to the Southern Reporter. Please see the business, social sciences, or documents librarian for help finding state cases not in Alabama. OTHER STATE STATUTES (PUBLIC LAWS) There is no one single source for searching all state laws on all subjects, other than online databases (which can be rather expensive). For most researchers' needs, looking for such topics as abortion or firearms laws for example, a simple table or summary would be sufficient, and the following bibliography helps to find such information. For more information on finding other states' laws, consult with a reference librarian. Nyberg, Cheryl Rae. Subject Compilations of State Laws, 1988-1990: An Annotated Bibliography. Urbana, IL: Carol Boast and Cheryl Nyberg, 1991. (Ref KF 1 N93 1991) Lists periodical articles and books which provide information on state laws on a particular subject, such as child custody, living wills, health insurance, firearms, etc. OTHER STATE AND REGION COURT OPINIONS The Decennial Digest series. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co. (Ref KF 141) A master index to all decisions of the state and federal courts. This digest may be used to look up cases or topics in such reporters as the Southern Reporter and the Federal Reporter, as well as other state and regional reporters. The parts of the series that Sterne Library owns are as follows: Eighth (1966-1976); Ninth (1976-1981); Tenth (1986-1991); and of the General Digest, the 7th Series, v.1 (1986)-v.59 (1991); and, 8th Series, v.1 (1991) - v.5 (1992). SHEPARD'S CITATIONS Shepard's is a publishing company which has produced multiple reference sources which list cases that have been cited, most often in other cases, but also in legal periodical articles. The purpose of this is to determine if a court overruled, distinguished, followed, or made some other use of a case. The Shepard's Citations which Sterne Library owns are listed below. Most of them correspond to the reporters listed elsewhere in this guide. For Shepard's Acts and Cases by Popular Names see the section in this guide on "Background Sources and Reference Aids." Shepard's Alabama Citations. Colorado Springs, CO: Shepard's/McGraw-Hill, Inc. (Ref KFA 59 S5) Shepard's Federal Citations. Colorado Springs, CO: Shepard's/McGraw-Hill, Inc. (Ref KF 105.2 S42) Shows citations to the U.S. lower court cases reported in Federal Cases, Federal Reporter, Federal Supplement, and Federal Rules Decisions. Shepard's Law Review Citations: A Compilation of Citations to Law Reviews and Legal Periodicals. Colorado Springs, CO: Shepard's/McGraw-Hill, Inc. (Ref KF 105.2 S44) Shepard's Southern Reporter Citations. Colorado Springs, CO: Shepard's/McGraw-Hill, Inc. (Ref KF 135 S82) Shepard's United States Citations. Colorado Springs, CO: Shepard's/McGraw-Hill, Inc. (Ref KF 101.2 S54) The Case Edition shows citations by the federal and state courts to the opinions of the U.S. Supreme Court as reported in the three series of reports of those cases. The Statute Edition shows citations by the federal courts, to the United States Constitution, statutes, treaties, and court rules. FEDERAL REGULATIONS Code of Federal Regulations [abbrev. C.F.R.]. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. (Microfiche - Cabinet #5, First Floor) Updated annually, this source contains all federal regulations in effect regardless of the date of initial issuance. The regulations are arranged by 50 broad subjects called titles, but the use of the index is often necessary: CFR Index and Finding Aids, located at the beginning of each year of the microfiche. The CFR is kept up to date by the List of Sections Affected (or LSA) in the Federal Register, listed below. Federal Register. [abbrev. Fed. Reg. or FR]. Washington, D.C.: Government Print Office. (Microfiche - Cabinet #3, First Floor)(also online, since 1994, at: http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/) Published each working day, the Federal Register contains the text of proposed and final regulations, the List of Sections Affected, as well as various announcements, such as grant announcements. An index is included, also on microfiche, but the CIS index listed below is more comprehensive and easier to use. CIS Federal Register Index. Bethesda, MD: Congressional Information Service, Inc. (Ref KF 70 A2 Index; Counter 19B) Contains indexes by subjects and names, by CFR section numbers (similar to the LSA, mentioned above), and by agency docket numbers. PERIODICAL INDEXES Information about famous legal cases may be found in popular news magazines, such as Time and Newsweek, through the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature or the Magazine Index, both located near the Reference Desk. For articles in legal periodicals, such as law reviews, use the following index: Index to Legal Periodicals. New York: The H.W. Wilson Co. (Ref KF 8 I6) "Legal periodicals published in the United States, and Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand are indexed ... if they regularly publish legal articles of high quality and permanent reference value" (Prefatory note) TAX SERVICES Standard Federal Tax Reports. [abbrev. Stand. Fed. Tax Rep. (CCH)] Chicago, IL: Commerce Clearing House. (Ref KF 6285 C67 x) United States Tax Reporter. New York: Research Institute of America. (Ref KF 6285 P74 x) (continues: Federal Taxes from Prentice-Hall) These two services are similar in coverage, and so it is primarily a matter of personal preference as to which an individual uses. Both give complete information about all federal tax laws, regulations, court decisions, administrative rulings, etc. Each is arranged by topic or Internal Revenue Code section; they have good instructions on how to use the service; they have complete indexes, charts, finding lists, tax planning information, supplementary brochures. The only difference between the two services is in arrangement of volumes. They are updated weekly. LABOR SERVICES Daily Labor Report. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of National Affairs. (Ref KF 3302 D2 x) This service is useful because of its timeliness for those persons who need immediate information on major U.S. labor developments. It covers news of congressional activity, NLRB decisions, full text of important federal and state court rulings, arbitration awards, bargaining negotiations, equal employment opportunity developments, etc. It also includes basic statistics and economic data used in bargaining. Labor Relations Reporter. [abbrev. Lab. Rel. Rep. (BNA)]. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of National Affairs. (Ref KF 3365 L3 x) This comprehensive labor service gives full text coverage on current labor relations and development, state laws. fair employment practices, wage and hours, labor arbitration and other information. It is loose-leaf with semi-weekly supplements. It is important to use the Master Index to lead you to the various volumes in this multi-volume set. Employment Coordinator. [abbrev. Empl. Coordinator (Research Inst. Am.)]. New York, N.Y: Research Institute of America, Inc. (Ref KF 3315 E46 x) This service gives information needed for the handling of employment issues including benefits, compensation, employment practices, labor relations, personnel policy, and workplace safety. The Coordinator is divided into chapters that provide a detailed explanation of the subjects involved in the particular area. Usually, illustrations are given along with recommendations. Users may choose to access this service by subject method, topic index method, of the statute, regulation, case, or agency method. It is always a good idea to check the current matter section. LEGAL ABBREVIATIONS Since abbreviations are the standard method by which sources are identified in the legal citation (see p. 3 of this guide), finding the full title of the abbreviation often is the key to finding the source. The following list is an alphabetic index by abbreviation of the sources listed in this guide, along with the full title and page number where it is described. For a more complete list, see Black's Law Dictionary (Ref KF 156 B3). Ala. Acts - Acts of Alabama, p. 8 ALA. CODE - Code of Alabama, p. 8 Am. Jur. 2d - American Jurisprudence, Second Edition, p. 3 C.F.R. - Code of Federal Regulations, p. 10 C.J.S. - Corpus Juris Secundum, p. 4 Empl. Coordinator (Research Inst. Am.) - Employment Coordinator, p. 11 F.2d - Federal Reporter, 2d Series, p. 7 FR - Federal Register, p. 10 F. Supp. - Federal Supplement, p. 7 Fed. Reg. - Federal Register, p. 10 Fed. Taxes (P-H) - Federal Taxes, p. 11 Lab. Rel. Rep. (BNA) - Labor Relations Reporter, p. 11 P.L. - "Public Law," see U.S.C.C.A.N., p. 7 S. Ct. - Supreme Court Reporter, p. 6 So. - Southern Reporter, p. 8 So. 2d - Southern Reporter, 2d Series, p. 8 Stand. Fed. Tax Rep. (CCH) - Standard Federal Tax Reports, p. 11 Stat. - The United States Statutes at Large, p. 7 U.S. - United States Reports, p. 6 U.S.C. - United States Code, p. 7 U.S.C.A. - United States Code Annotated, p. 7 U.S.C.C.A.N. - U.S. Code Congressional and Administrative News, p. 7 U.S.L.W. - U. S. Law Week, pp. 4 & 6 Linda S. Harris ( lharris@beowulf.mhsl.uab.edu ) Business Reference Bibliographer C. Diann Weatherly Documents Reference Librarian Mervyn H. Sterne Library The University of Alabama at Birmingham UAB Station Birmingham, AL 35294-0014 (205) 934-6364 dweather@uab.edu dweatherly@beowulf.mhsl.uab.edu 1/97