Database: MEDLINE <: biomedical, nursing & dental literature, 1966 - Oct 2000.> Search Strategy (You Saved Citations 1-128 From Set 64): ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 "S.".mp. 285982 2 "Str.".mp. 1857 3 strep:.mp. 102308 4 exp Streptococcus/ 36244 5 or/1-4 377351 6 sanguis.mp. 1501 7 sanguinis.mp. 23 8 mitis.mp. 787 9 oralis.mp. 873 10 crista.mp. 724 11 mitior.mp. 112 12 gordonii.mp. 249 13 or/6-12 3677 14 5 and 13 2240 15 Streptococcus sanguis/ 1274 16 14 or 15 2595 17 exp Tooth demineralization/ 22681 18 demineralization.mp. 1626 19 caries.mp. 15332 20 caires.mp. 1 21 craies.mp. 0 22 careis.mp. 4 23 carise.mp. 0 24 (teeth adj3 cavit:).mp. 422 25 (tooth adj3 cavit:).mp. 217 26 (dental adj3 cavit:).mp. 276 27 (dentin adj3 cavit:).mp. 255 28 (enamel adj3 cavit:).mp. 182 29 (teeth adj3 decay:).mp. 379 30 (tooth adj3 decay:).mp. 325 31 (dental adj3 decay:).mp. 251 32 (dentin adj3 decay:).mp. 12 33 (enamel adj3 decay:).mp. 20 34 (active adj decay).mp. 9 35 (rampant adj3 decay:).mp. 14 36 (recurrent adj3 decay:).mp. 30 37 (white adj spot:).mp. 512 38 carious.mp. 2083 39 cariology.ti,ab. 56 40 (non-cavitated adj3 lesion:).mp. 15 41 (noncavitated adj3 lesion:).mp. 2 42 Tooth remineralization/ 479 43 (dental adj3 fissure:).mp. 99 44 (tooth adj3 fissure:).mp. 50 45 (teeth adj3 fissure:).mp. 98 46 caries-free.mp. 606 47 cariesfree.mp. 17 48 Cariogenic agents/ 728 49 precavit:.mp. 8 50 (filled adj3 teeth).mp. 513 51 (filled adj3 tooth).mp. 117 52 (oral adj fissure:).mp. 6 53 (tooth adj3 remineraliz:).mp. 28 54 (teeth adj3 remineraliz:).mp. 24 55 dft.mp. 414 56 dfs.mp. 1266 57 dmf:.mp. 6412 58 cariogeni:.mp. 1788 59 or/17-58 32333 60 Dental plaque/ 10268 61 ((tooth or teeth or dent:) adj3 (placque or plaque)).mp. 3497 62 or/59-61 40699 63 16 and 62 653 64 limit 63 to (human and english language) 428 65 from 64 keep 1-300 300 66 from 64 keep 301-428 128 *************************** <1> UI - 83230374 AU - Sato S AU - Koga T AU - Inoue M TI - Degradation of the microbial and salivary components participating in human dental plaque formation by proteases elaborated by plaque bacteria. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1983;28(3):211-6 AB - Twenty-eight strains of facultative, Gram-positive, sporulating bacilli which produce caseinolytic enzymes were isolated from human early dental plaque. A major component of the extracellular caseinolytic enzymes elaborated by strong producers seemed to be neutral zinc proteases. The extracellular proteases inactivated glucosyltransferase of Streptococcus mutans and inhibited the synthesis of adherent glucans from sucrose. The enzymes also degraded the Strep. mutans cell-surface receptor for dextran and glucan, the receptor for salivary agglutinins, located on Streptococcus sanguis cells, and the surface component of Actinomyces viscosus cells involved in co-agglutination with Strep. sanguis cells. The enzymes hydrolysed human whole saliva proteins, which seemed to result in loss of the ability to agglutinate Strep. sanguis cells. <2> UI - 83212027 AU - Kolenbrander PE AU - Celesk RA TI - Coaggregation of human oral Cytophaga species and Actinomyces israelii. SO - Infection & Immunity 1983 Jun;40(3):1178-85 AB - A total of 19 strains of oral Cytophaga sp. obtained from subgingival plaque deposits were tested for their ability to coaggregate with strains of Actinomyces israelii, A. viscosus, A. naeslundii, Streptococcus sanguis, S. mutans, S. salivarius, and S. mitis. Coaggregation was observed only with A. israelii. Based on their coaggregation patterns with eight A. israelii strains, the Cytophaga strains were distributed among three distinct groups: those that coaggregated with A. israelii PK16 but not with A. israelii W1011 (ATCC 29322), those that coaggregated with A. israelii ATCC 29322 but not with A. israelii PK16, and those that coaggregated with none of the eight A. israelii strains. In each of the coaggregations, prior heat treatment (85 degrees C, 30 min) of the Cytophaga cells prevented coaggregation, whereas identical treatment of the A. israelii cells had no effect. The ability of A. israelii PK16 to form adherent plaque on a tooth surface previously coated with Cytophaga plaque was tested with one of the coaggregating Cytophaga strains. White patches of A. israelii plaque were found covering both the amber-colored Cytophaga plaque on the cementum surface as well as the enamel surface to which Cytophaga strains do not adhere. Electron micrographs of thin-sectioned mixed-plaque material revealed both cell types in close proximity. In addition, electron micrographs of negatively stained coaggregated cells showed interbacterial adherence between surface fimbrae on A. israelii and outer membrane blebs on the gram-negative Cytophaga sp. The kinetics of binding of A. israelii to spheroidal hydroxyapatite and to root powder were indicative of a high-affinity binding system with comparatively large numbers of available binding sites on both substrata. These results indicate the highly specific nature of Cytophaga sp.--A. israelii recognition. The contribution of such recognition toward the mechanisms that are responsible for the indigenous nature of these oral bacteria is discussed. <3> UI - 83197202 AU - Emilson CG TI - Prevalence of Streptococcus mutans with different colonial morphologies in human plaque and saliva. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1983 Feb;91(1):26-32 AB - Plaque and saliva samples were obtained twice from 58 children at an interval of 1 year and examined for the prevalence of Streptococcus mutans on Mitis salivarius (MS) and Mitis salivarius bacitracin (MSB) agar. Two types of S. mutans colonies with different colonial morphologies were seen on both media. They were serologically identified as serotypes c/e/f and d/g respectively. The first type, morphogroup c/e/f, had the typical "frosted-glass" appearance. It was the most prevalent and was found in 97% of the children. The second type, morphogroup d/g, had a creamy marzipan consistency with a dull, granular surface, gray to brown in color and often with some liquid around or on top of the colony. Group d/g was detected in 21 children (36%) and then together with colonies of group c/e/f. Children infected with single or multiple morphogroups of S. mutans generally harbored the same groups 1 year later. There was a significant positive correlation between the proportion of S. mutans in plaque and their numbers in saliva. <4> UI - 83202830 AU - Slee AM AU - O'Connor JR TI - In vitro antiplaque activity of octenidine dihydrochloride (WIN 41464-2) against preformed plaques of selected oral plaque-forming microorganisms. SO - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy 1983 Mar;23(3):379-84 AB - The antibacterial activity of octenidine dihydrochloride (WIN 41464-2) against intact preformed in vitro plaques of four indigenous oral plaque-forming microorganisms, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, and Actinomyces naeslundii, was studied. Both absolute (plaque bactericidal index) and relative (chlorhexidine coefficient) indices of antiplaque efficacy were established. Octenidine dihydrochloride compared favorably with chlorhexidine digluconate with respect to overall antiplaque potency in this in vitro plaque bactericidal model. These data indicate that prudent selection of treatment concentration and duration and frequency of exposure should provide an effective means to aid in controlling dental caries and Actinomyces-associated disease in vivo. <5> UI - 83159875 AU - Westergren G AU - Olsson J TI - Hydrophobicity and adherence of oral streptococci after repeated subculture in vitro. SO - Infection & Immunity 1983 Apr;40(1):432-5 AB - Fresh isolates of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus salivarius from human dental plaque were all highly hydrophobic. After repeated subculture in vitro on blood agar, strains of S. mutans serotype c showed decreased hydrophobicity, whereas serotype d/g strains did not. Parallel to the decreased hydrophobicity in the serotype c strains, an impaired ability to adhere to hydroxyapatite was observed. A similar but less pronounced decrease in hydrophobicity in one S. sanguis strain resulted in a marked decrease in adherence to hydroxyapatite. <6> UI - 83126107 AU - Westergren G AU - Emilson CG TI - Colonization and cariogenic potential in hamsters of the bacterium Streptococcus sanguis isolated from human dental plaque. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1982;27(10):817-22 AB - Strains of Strep. sanguis, freshly isolated from human dental plaque, were successfully implanted into albino hamsters. Transmission of the organisms from infected to uninfected animals occurred naturally. The transfer was as effective between unrelated hamsters as between dams and their offspring. Three of the strains tested did not cause caries in hamsters. Laboratory strains of Strep. sanguis did not colonize the hamsters. Two morphological variants of Strep. sanguis with different abilities to adhere to whale dentine in vitro, could infect hamsters; the more adhering phenotype was detected earlier and more frequently. <7> UI - 83126133 AU - McNee SG AU - Geddes DA AU - Weetman DA AU - Sweeney D AU - Beeley JA TI - Effect of extracellular polysaccharides on diffusion of NaF and [14C]-sucrose in human dental plaque and in sediments of the bacterium Streptococcus sanguis 804 (NCTC 10904). SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1982;27(11):981-6 AB - It has been postulated that extracellular polysaccharides form a barrier to diffusion in dental plaque. Diffusion coefficients, D, were measured for NaF and [14C]-sucrose in glucan-free and glucan-containing sediments of Strep. sanguis 804 at 37 degrees C. There was a tendency for NaF and [14C]-sucrose to diffuse faster as the carbohydrate concentration in the sediments increased. NaF diffused only 38 per cent more slowly in cell-free glucan sediment than in water, suggesting that glucan per se does not form a barrier to diffusion. The diffusion coefficient for NaF was positively correlated with carbohydrate concentration in individual plaque samples from 15 subjects and incubation of 3 plaque samples with sucrose resulted in both an increase in carbohydrate concentration in the plaque and an increase in D for NaF. Thus the presence of extracellular polysaccharides in plaque leads to slightly faster rates of diffusion. Nevertheless, the total time for diffusion through plaque may be increased if the presence of extracellular polysaccharides results in thicker layers of plaque. <8> UI - 83107521 AU - Rosan B AU - Appelbaum B AU - Golub E AU - Malamud D AU - Mandel ID TI - Enhanced saliva-mediated bacterial aggregation and decreased bacterial adhesion in caries-resistant versus caries-susceptible individuals. SO - Infection & Immunity 1982 Dec;38(3):1056-9 AB - A study of saliva-mediated aggregation and adhesion has been carried out in a group of caries-resistant (CR) and caries-susceptible (CS) individuals. The submandibular saliva of the CS group had a much greater potency, as determined by dilution, in promoting adherence to hydroxyapatite beads than did the saliva of CR group. In contrast, the CR group demonstrated a twofold enhancement of saliva-mediated aggregation compared with the CS group. These observations support the hypothesis that saliva-mediated aggregation and adherence are important factors in caries resistance. <9> UI - 83092840 AU - Bergenholtz G AU - Warfvinge J TI - Migration of leukocytes in dental pulp in response to plaque bacteria. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1982 Oct;90(5):354-62 AB - Cell material from three different dental plaque bacteria (Actinomyces viscosus, Streptococcus mitis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) were studied for their capacity to induce leukocyte migration in the dental pulp of monkeys. Altogether five animals were used to provide 123 teeth for the study. The bacterial test materials were prepared from lyophilized sonicates of pure cultures of respective bacteria mixed with crystalline bovine serum albumin (BSA) 1:1 by weight. Immediately prior to use in the experiment saline was added to render the test material into a paste-like consistency. Buccal Class V cavities were prepared in the monkey teeth leaving a thin remaining wall to the pulp. In these cavities, the test materials were enclosed for a period of 8 h. A set of control cavities received BSA alone. Placement of test and control materials were made before and after depleting the animals of serum complement by repeated injections of Cobra Venom Factor. Histologic examination of pulp tissue specimens showed that materials from two of the bacterial species (A. viscosus, Act. actinomycetemcomitans) consistently induced infiltrations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in one to several cell layers underneath the test cavity. The material from S. mitis seemed less potent and in 11 of 22 teeth no pulpal reaction was recorded. Inactivation of complement with Cobra Venom Factor did not appear to affect the severity of the pulpal responses. <10> UI - 83083686 AU - Mirth DB AU - Shern RJ AU - Emilson CG AU - Adderly DD AU - Li SH AU - Gomez IM AU - Bowen WH TI - Clinical evaluation of an intraoral device for the controlled release of fluoride. SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1982 Nov;105(5):791-7 AB - An intraoral-releasing device designed to release 0.5 mg of fluoride per day was evaluated in a one-month trial. The results showed that the 11 men who wore the fluoride-releasing device on their maxillary first molars had significantly elevated levels of fluoride in their saliva and plaque compared with baseline levels. No significant changes were observed in mean serum or urine fluoride levels or in the gingival or plaque indexes during the study. The prevalence of S mutans in whole saliva did not change during the study and the relative proportion of S. mutans, S. sanguis, and A viscosus and A naeslundii in plaque also remained relatively stable. The elevated fluoride levels in saliva and plaque are presumptive evidence that the intraoral fluoride-releasing device could exert a cariostatic effect in humans. However, long-term clinical trials are needed to determine the cariostatic potential of this fluoride releasing system. <11> UI - 83040874 AU - Svanberg M AU - Rolla G TI - Streptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva after mouthrinsing with SnF2. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1982 Aug;90(4):292-8 AB - Mouthrinses with SnF2 in 11 subjects significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) the total colony forming units (CFU) count and the numbers of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis in plaque. The numbers of S. mutans and S. sanguis were significantly more reduced than was the total CFU count. After rinsing with SnF2S. sanguis was present in 97% and S. mutans in only 42% of plaque samples from tooth surfaces where they were detected after rinsing with water. SnF2 also significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) the number of S. mutans in saliva. Mouthrinses with NaF did not markedly affect the number of S. mutans either in plaque or in saliva. <12> UI - 83005798 AU - Cowman RA AU - Baron SS AU - Fitzgerald RJ AU - Danziger JL AU - Quintana JA TI - Growth inhibition of oral streptococci in saliva by anionic proteins from two caries-free individuals. SO - Infection & Immunity 1982 Aug;37(2):513-8 AB - Mixed saliva from two caries-free individuals possessed antimicrobial activity toward Streptococcus mutans and S. sanguis. This inhibitory activity was attributed to the presence of a group of four anionic proteins each of which strongly inhibited the growth of the oral streptococci in a saliva protein-based medium but not in a medium containing amino acids as a nitrogen source. These proteins, with isoelectric points of 4.70, 4.90, 4.98, and 5.05, respectively, neither reacted with antisera to immunoglobulin A, G, or M nor appeared to be functionally related to a number of salivary peroxidases, lactoferrin, or lysozyme. On this basis, they may represent a previously unreported group of growth-inhibitory antimicrobial factors occurring in the saliva of some individuals. <13> UI - 82260568 AU - Emilson CG AU - Axelsson P AU - Kallenberg L TI - Effect of mechanical and chemical plaque control measures on oral microflora in schoolchildren. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1982 Jun;10(3):111-6 AB - The incidence of S. sanguis, S. salivarius, S. mutans, total streptococci and lactobacilli was examined in highly caries active 13-14-year-old schoolchildren participating in a prophylactic program. After 1 year of trial, professional toothcleaning once every second week markedly reduced the frequency of gingivitis and the caries increment. Bimonthly topical applications of a 0.5% chlorhexidine gel with or without subsequent rinsing with 2% NFP had no effect on plaque score and gingivitis but tended to reduce the caries activity. No significant changes were found in the groups with regard to the salivary number of total streptococci and S. sanguis. A reduction of the population of S. salivarius, S. mutans and lactobacilli was observed in the chlorhexidine group. In the group where chlorhexidine was combined with MFP, only S. mutans was reduced. <14> UI - 82276933 AU - Maltz M AU - Zickert I TI - Effect of penicillin on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and lactobacilli in hamsters and in man. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1982 Jun;90(3):193-9 AB - The effect of penicillin on the number of oral Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and lactobacilli in hamsters and in man was investigated. This is of interest as S. mutans and lactobacilli are involved in the carious process while S. sanguis is not. Hamsters infected with both S. mutans and S. sanguis or only S. sanguis received penicillin in their drinking water for 14 d. The treatment reduced the proportion of S. mutans and S. sanguis in dental plaque to undetectable levels. After the penicillin treatment the population of S. mutans and S. sanguis gradually increased. In man, the effect of oral penicillin therapy was examined in 21 adults with more than 2 X 10(5) S. mutans per ml saliva. The penicillin treatment had almost no effect on the numbers of S. sanguis and lactobacilli, but a pronounced decrease in the number of S. mutans was observed. The duration of this effect, however, was short. Consequently, such treatment alone is of limited value for the control of the oral infection of these microorganisms. <15> UI - 82256618 AU - Murray PA AU - Levine MJ AU - Tabak LA AU - Reddy MS TI - Specificity of salivary-bacterial interactions: II. Evidence for a lectin on Streptococcus sanguis with specificity for a NeuAc alpha 2, 3Ga1 beta 1, 3Ga1NAc sequence. SO - Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications 1982 May 31;106(2):390-6 <16> UI - 82238213 AU - Theilade E AU - Fejerskov O AU - Karring T AU - Theilade J TI - Predominant cultivable microflora of human dental fissure plaque. SO - Infection & Immunity 1982 Jun;36(3):977-82 AB - Plaque developed in 10 occlusal fissures from unerupted third molars during implantation for 200 to 270 days in lower molars of dental students was studied. To characterize the predominant cultivable flora, 592 isolates (51 to 67 from each fissure) were subcultured from anaerobic roll tubes. Twenty-eight of the isolates were lost. Streptococci constituted 8 to 86% (median, 45%) of the isolates, Streptococcus mutans constituted 0 to 86% (median, 25%) and S. sanguis constituted 0 to 15% (median, 1%). A few isolates of "S. mitior" and "S. milleri" were found, but no S. salivarius. Staphylococci made up 0 to 23% (median, 9%). Gram-positive rods constituted 6 to 59% (median, 35%). Of these, 0 to 46% (median, 18%) were Actinomyces naeslundii and A. viscosus, but no anaerobic actinomyces were isolated. Arachnia and propionibacteria made up small proportions, lactobacilli were isolated from two fissures, constituting 10 and 29%, and eubacteria were isolated from one fissure (27%). Gram-negative cocci made up 0 to 46% (media, 4%). Only two isolates of gram-negative rods were found, both facultative anaerobes. Although 8 of the 10 fissures had large proportions of S. mutans, lactobacilli, or both, no caries was found even with microradiography. The large individual variation probably reflects differences in initial colonization from saliva and in growth conditions in each fissure. <17> UI - 82214655 AU - Vadeboncoeur C AU - Proulx M AU - Trahan L TI - Effect of gramicidin D on the acidogenic properties of oral streptococci and human dental plaque. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1982 May;61(5):632-5 AB - The effect of gramicidin D, Gramicidin S, and carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone on the glycolysis of various oral streptococci was investigated. Gramicidin D was the most effective and inhibited the glycolysis of all the streptococci studied in the presence of the most common sugars found in man's diet (sucrose, lactose, glucose, and fructose). A concentration of 2.5 X 10(-6) M gramicidin D was sufficient to decrease significantly the rate of glycolysis of human dental plaque in the presence of sucrose. The use of this ionophore as a caries preventive agent is discussed. <18> UI - 82143320 AU - Meiers JC AU - Wirthlin MR AU - Shklair IL TI - A microbiological analysis of human early carious and non-carious fissures. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1982 Mar;61(3):460-4 AB - The fissure sampling technique consisted of removing the fissure using a bur in a high-speed handpiece with water spray and then suctioning the fissural contents and the water spray into a sterile sampling container. Sixty-eight teeth were sampled. Total bacterial counts, total streptococcal counts, and counts of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus faecalis, Actinomyces viscosus, and lactobacilli were performed on the fissural samples. There was a four-fold increase in the total number of microorganisms recovered from carious (N = 48) compared to non-carious (N = 20) fissures. S. mutans was the only microorganism common to all carious fissures. <19> UI - 82120738 AU - van Houte J AU - Gibbs G AU - Butera C TI - Oral flora of children with "nursing bottle caries". SO - Journal of Dental Research 1982 Feb;61(2):382-5 AB - S. mutans averaged about 60% of the total cultivable flora of dental plaque obtained from caries lesions, white spot margins of these lesions, or clinically-sound areas of upper anterior teeth, and averaged about 27% in plaque from mostly clinically-sound areas of posterior teeth of six children with nursing bottle caries; its concentrations in saliva averaged about 10% of the total cultivable flora. Nearly all of 107 isolated S. mutans strains belonged to the serotype group c/e/f. The proportion of S. sanguis, in contrast to those of S. mutans, were very low in plaque from upper anterior teeth and higher in plaque from posterior teeth. The proportions of S. salivarius in saliva were unusually low, and this organism was not detected in the saliva of most subjects. Lactobacilli were found in nearly all plaque samples; plaque and carious material from cavities contained higher levels than plaque associated with white spots or clinically-sound tooth surfaces. The findings provide further support for the role of S. mutans in the initiation of human dental caries. In the case of lactobacilli, they support other evidence suggesting only the limited involvement of these organisms in the initiation of caries lesions, but a more extensive role in their progression. In addition, they clearly illustrate the marked effect of diet on the dental plaque flora. <20> UI - 82141023 AU - Minah GE AU - Lovekin GB AU - Finney JP TI - Sucrose-induced ecological response of experimental dental plaques from caries-free and caries-susceptible Human volunteers. SO - Infection & Immunity 1981 Dec;34(3):662-75 AB - Microbial succession, experimental cariogenicity, and sucrose metabolism were examined in dental plaques which developed on sterile bovine enamel inserts in acrylic palatal appliances. The appliances were worn for a period of 14 days by 10 caries-free and 10 caries-susceptible human volunteers. Three of six enamel inserts on each appliance were exposed extraorally to 10% sucrose in 0.85% saline six times a day, and three were exposed simultaneously to 0.85% saline as a control environment. The responses of the plaques to the high-sucrose environment in both caries status populations were compared. In all plaques, exposure to 10% sucrose stimulated the succession of Veillonella spp., Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus salivarius, and, to a lesser extent, Streptococcus mutans and a decline in levels of Streptococcus sanguis, Neisseria spp., and gram-negative anaerobic rods. Plaques from caries-free mouths, in contrast to those from caries-susceptible mouths, harbored higher levels of Veillonella spp., gram-negative anaerobic rods, and Neisseria spp. and lower levels of Lactobacillus spp. Sucrose-exposed plaques from caries-free mouths also induced less enamel microhardness changes and formed less lactic acid from [14C]sucrose during a 60-min incubation at 37 degrees C than did comparable plaques from caries-susceptible mouths. The experiments revealed consistent differences in the ecological response to a cariogenic substrate environment in plaques from the two populations, with plaques from caries-free subjects exhibiting less cariogenic potential than those from caries-susceptible subjects. <21> UI - 82120007 AU - Ackermans F AU - Klein JP AU - Frank RM TI - Ultrastructural location of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis antigens in carious human dentine. SO - Journal de Biologie Buccale 1981 Sep;9(3):203-17 AB - The ultrastructural localization of bacterial antigens of Streptococcus sanguis and of the various serotypes a,b,c,d,e,f and g of Streptococcus mutans was studied in human carious dentine using the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase method with appropriate controls. No positive staining was seen in adjacent normal dentine. In the inner dentine underlying the cytoplasm of fibroblasts and Schwann cells of unmyelinated nerve fibrils. In sclerosed tubules, or on the plasmalemma of the odontoblast process or on both structures. Only in the odontoblast, facing the carious cone, were dense stainings noted in vacuoles of various sizes located in the Golgi apparatus in juxta-nuclear position and in their odontoblast processes. In pulpal regions, underlying the carious cone, dense vacuoles were also observed in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts and Schwann cells of unmyelinated nerve fibrils. In sclerosed tubules, electron dense deposits were noted in the lumen and the walls of the calcified tubules. In the outer carious dentine, invaded by micro-organisms, positive antigenic stainings were observed in the cell wall and capsular material of a great number of micro-organisms as well as in the interbacterial matrix. <22> UI - 82084174 AU - Emilson CG TI - Effect of chlorhexidine gel treatment on Streptococcus mutans population in human saliva and dental plaque. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1981 Jun;89(3):239-46 AB - The effect of topical application of a 1% chlorhexidine gel on the population of S. mutans in dental plaque and saliva was studied in five subjects highly infected with the organism. After treatment for 5 min daily for 14 d, S. mutans was not detected in three of the subjects and counts of 700 colony-forming units or less per ml of saliva were found in the other subjects. Reappearance of S. mutans was slow and did not reach pretreatment level until 14 weeks or more after therapy. The proportion of S. sanguis in plaque increased temporarily after chlorhexidine treatment, whereas the population of lactobacilli was unaffected. These observations indicate that short-term use of chlorhexidine is of value in controlling oral infection of humans by S. mutans. <23> UI - 82084184 AU - Olsen I AU - Socransky SS TI - Ultrasonic dispersion of pure cultures of plaque bacteria and plaque. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1981 Aug;89(4):307-12 AB - This study compared the sonic sensitivity of 12 Gram-negative and two Gram-positive bacteria commonly encountered in plaque associated with periodontal diseases. Pure bacterial cultures were grown to standard turbidity, diluted in 1/4 strength prereduced anaerobically sterilized Ringer's solution, and aliquots dispersed for 0-180 s, using an MSE sonic oscillator at 6 micron under 80% N2, 10% H2 and 10% CO2. Viable recoveries were determined on anaerobically cultured trypticase soy 5% blood agar plates. Breakage of T. denticola was assessed by electron microscopy. Gram-positive organisms tolerated sonication better than Gram-negative. A. viscous was more resistant than Strep sanguis. Gram-negative bacteria could be divided into groups according to their sensitivity. Eikenella corrodens was most resistant, followed by F. nucleatum B asaccharolyticus, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, A actinomycetemcomitans, a strain (2097) of Group IV Bacteroides, and B melaninogenicus ss intermedius resisted sonication better than "corroding' Bacteroides and oral Campylobacter. T. denticola, Selenomonas sputigena and Wolinella were most sensitive with viable counts which declined after sonication for 5-10 s. Recoveries from plaque taken from five patients with periodontal diseases increased with sonication time, reaching higher values for suprangingival than for subgingival samples. <24> UI - 82090641 AU - Edgar WM AU - Cockburn MA AU - Jenkins GN TI - Uptake of fluoride and its inhibitory effects in oral microorganisms in culture. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1981;26(7):615-23 <25> UI - 82053905 AU - Lindemeyer RG AU - Baum RH AU - Hsu SC AU - Going RE TI - In vitro effect of tobacco on the growth of oral cariogenic streptococci. SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1981 Nov;103(5):719-22 AB - Most pouch and plug chewing tobaccos with high sugar contents are able to support the growth of S mutans and S sanguis in vitro. Snuff and unprocessed tobacco, although not able to stimulate growth of these organisms, do not inhibit growth. Inhibitory agents present in tobacco leaves do not preclude use of tobacco sugars by the organisms tested. Because factors other than bacterial populations play an important role in caries initiation, clinical studies are needed to identify the effects of commercial tobacco on the human dentition. <26> UI - 82008494 AU - Cowman RA AU - Baron SJ AU - Fitzgerald RJ TI - Utilization of hydroxyapatite adsorbable salivary proteins as growth substrates for plaque-forming oral streptococci. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1981 Oct;60(10):1803-8 AB - Following treatment with hydroxyapatite, clarified mixed saliva from one donor source lost much of its growth-supportive activity for S. mutans VA-29R (type c). Growth of the organism in a basal medium containing proteins desorbed from HA with 0.067 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 8.0, was accompanied by the disappearance of some of the proteins, including those with isoelectric points of 4.90, 5.72, and 6.00. These proteins are among those known to be specifically attacked by S. mutans. These findings suggest that some of the proteins selectively adsorbed from saliva with HA may serve as specific growth substrates for the plaque-forming oral streptococci. <27> UI - 81263056 AU - Kolenbrander PE AU - Williams BL TI - Lactose-reversible coaggregation between oral actinomycetes and Streptococcus sanguis. SO - Infection & Immunity 1981 Jul;33(1):95-102 AB - Freshly isolated strains of oral actinomycetes were obtained from human dental plaque and were tested for the ability to coaggregate with common laboratory stock strains of Streptococcus sanguis. Strains belonging to the genera Actinomyces, Arachnia, Bifidobacterium, and Bacterionema were isolated. Only members of the genus Actinomyces coaggregated with the streptococci, and only Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii exhibited lactose-reversible interactions. A total of 61 strains, consisting of all of the A. viscosus isolates and 86% of the A. naeslundii isolates, coaggregated; 87% inhibited lactose-reversible coaggregation. On the basis of this property and the altered ability of strains to coaggregate after heat treatment of the cells, we delineated four coaggregation groups. The other 13% of the strains constituted a fifth group, which was characterized by a pattern of closely related interactions that were not reversed by lactose. Compared with previously characterized coaggregation properties determined with stock culture strains of actinomycetes, more than 80% of these fresh isolates exhibited identical coaggregation properties. Thus, most of the coaggregation between freshly isolated oral actinomycetes and streptococci involves lactose-reversible cell-cell interactions, which suggests that such coaggregation is mediated by a network of lectin-carbohydrate interactions between complementary cell surface structures on the two cell types. <28> UI - 81258566 AU - Mikkelsen L AU - Jensen SB AU - Jakobsen J TI - Microbial studies on plaque from carious and caries-free proximal tooth surfaces in a population with high caries experience. SO - Caries Research 1981;15(5):428-35 <29> UI - 81191058 AU - Liljemark WF AU - Bloomquist CG AU - Germaine GR TI - Effect of bacterial aggregation on the adherence of oral streptococci to hydroxyapatite. SO - Infection & Immunity 1981 Mar;31(3):935-41 AB - Several in vitro assay systems to measure the adherence of human dental plaque bacteria to solid surfaces such as teeth, glass, and hydroxyapatite have been published. In many studies a variety of macromolecular solutes have been used to study the adherence process. Often these solutes are able to aggregate the test bacterial and thus may alter the outcome of adherence experiments. In this study, the effects of the aggregation of Streptococcus sanguis on adherence to spheroidal hydroxyapatite is described. Adherence of preformed aggregates and of bacteria which were aggregating during the adherence reaction was examined. Bacteria were aggregated with whole saliva, concanavalin A, and wheat germ lectin. Further effects of the coaggregation of S. mitis and Actinomyces viscosus to saliva-coated spheroidal hydroxyapatite are presented. These studies suggest that formation of large aggregates resulted in a decrease in the numbers of organisms which adhered. In contrast, the formation of small aggregates actually increased the numbers of bacteria that adhered. All increases in adherent bacteria occurred at low concentrations of aggregating substance in which visible bacterial aggregation was not evident. The data indicate that adequate dose-response experiments must be performed to ensure that solutes used as probes to study adherence mechanisms do not affect the adherence simply as a result of aggregation of the test microorganisms. <30> UI - 81167041 AU - Hamada S AU - Torii M AU - Kotani S AU - Tsuchitani Y TI - Adherence of Streptococcus sanguis clinical isolates to smooth surfaces and interactions of the isolates with Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase. SO - Infection & Immunity 1981 Apr;32(1):364-72 AB - Streptococcus sanguis isolated from human dental plaque were grown in Todd-Hewitt broth. Cells were collected by centrifugation and lyophilized after extensive washing with water. The cell-associated glucosyltransferase (GTase) activities of S. sanguis strains were assayed with [14C]sucrose. Strain differences in GTase activity were significant within the same serotype or biotype or both. The ability of S. sanguis cells to adhere to smooth glass surfaces was generally weak, irrespective of significant cell-associated GTase activity synthesizing water-insoluble, gel-like glucans. Resting cells of most S. sanguis strains bound extracellular GTase from Streptococcus mutans strain B13 (serotype d), resulting in the strong adherence of the S. sanguis cells to smooth glass surfaces in the presence of sucrose. Conversely, S. mutans B13 cells also could bind extracellular GTase from some strains of S. sanguis examined. The sucrose-dependent adherence of S. mutans cells was not altered, although S. sanguis strains from which the extracellular GTases were obtained did not produce significant adherence in the presence of sucrose. In view of these findings, it was suggested that S. mutans GTase could affect the adherence of S. sanguis to smooth tooth surfaces in the oral cavity. <31> UI - 81070347 AU - Brown LR AU - O'Neill PA AU - Dreizen S AU - Handler SF AU - Riggan LJ AU - Perkins DH TI - Relationship between saliva and serum agglutination titers and post-irradiation caries activity in cancer patients. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1981 Jan;60(1):10-8 AB - Agglutination titers in 444 saliva and 481 serum samples from 36 head and neck cancer patients and 16 control subjects were determined against formalinized cellular antigens of Streptococcus and Lactobacillus species. Saliva agglutination titers were significantly higher in cancer patients before radiotherapy than in control subjects. Changes in specific saliva agglutination titers to oral isolates following radiotherapy reflected changes in saliva IgA and post-irradiation caries activity. Patients with no post-irradiation caries activity had significantly higher saliva agglutination titers to S. mutans, S. sanguis, and L. fermenti, lower plaque S. mutans counts, and higher saliva IgA levels than those with post-irradiation caries activity. Serum agglutination titers were unrelated to either serum immunoglobulin levels, microbial counts, or caries activity. <32> UI - 81281177 AU - Tinanoff N AU - Camosci DA TI - Microbiological, ultrastructural and spectroscopic analyses of the anti-tooth-plaque properties of fluoride compounds in vitro. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1980;25(8-9):531-43 <33> UI - 81192232 AU - Hamada S AU - Torii M AU - Tsuchitani Y AU - Kotani S TI - Isolation and immunobiological classification of Streptococcus sanguis from human tooth surfaces. SO - Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1980 Aug;12(2):243-9 AB - A total of 113 pure cultures of Streptococcus sanguis were obtained from dental plaque samples of 64 subjects. All isolates synthesized glucan from sucrose, elaborated peroxide, and were alpha-hemolytic. Two biotypes and four serotypes were differentiated within the species. Biotype A (95 isolates) fermented salicin and inulin and hydrolyzed arginine and esculin, whereas biotype B (18 isolates) did not possess these activities. The isolates were serotyped with autoclaved extracts against whole-cell antiserum to strains ATCC 10556 or ST3 (serotype I), ATCC 10557 (serotype II), ATCC 10558 (serotype III), and ST7 (serotype IV), by the capillary precipitin test. Serotypes I, II, III, and IV were found to consist of 24, 16, 37, and 15 isolates. Type IV was demonstrated anew in this study. The remaining 21 isolates were not typed because of either multiple reactions or nonreactivity against the standardized typing sera. All isolates of serotype II belonged to biotype B, which resembles Streptococcus mitior physiologically. Five isolates representing four serotypes and an untypable strain were examined for their cariogenicity against specific-pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats fed high sucrose diet no. 2000. Organisms of each isolate were established in the mouths of the rats, but only three isolates induced weak caries that were restricted to pits and fissures of occlusal surfaces of the teeth. <34> UI - 81142960 AU - Borden LW AU - Ostrom CA AU - Koulourides T TI - Establishment of potentially cariogenic streptococci in an experimental human plaque. I: Streptococcus mutans. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1980 Mar;59(3):588-93 AB - Streptococcus mutans (Streptomycin resistant) was seeded to enamel slabs in the Intraoral Cariogenicity Test (ICT). After seven days in vivo, S. mutans comprised 58% of the total streptococci in the seeded plaque, compared to approximately 1% for the non-seeded control plaque. Seeding S. mutans to the ICT resulted in a change in the proportion of total streptococci in plaques, but no difference in ICT caries compared to control slabs was recorded. <35> UI - 81071713 AU - Passo SA AU - Tsai CC AU - McArthur WP AU - Leifer C AU - Taichman NS TI - Interaction of inflammatory cells and oral microorganisms. IX. the bactericidal effects of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes on isolated plaque microorganisms. SO - Journal of Periodontal Research 1980 Sep;15(5):470-82 <36> UI - 81078586 AU - Roberts KR AU - Linder L TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent glucose phosphotransferase activity in Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1980 Aug;88(4):316-22 AB - A constitutive phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent glucose phosphotransferase system was found in decryptified cells of Strep. mitis. The system displayed saturation kinetics and the apparent Km value for the non-fermentable analogue 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) was 0.4 mM. Sodium fluoride inhibited the activity when 2-phosphoglycerate was used as the energy source instead of PEP. Intact cells accumulated 2DG and also a derivative that behaved chromatographically like 2DG-6-phosphate. PEP-dependent glucose phosphotransferase activity was also demonstrated in freshly collected plaque. <37> UI - 81051737 AU - Beighton D AU - Hayday H TI - The effects of fluoride on the growth of oral streptococci. SO - Microbios 1980;27(108):117-24 AB - Four species of oral streptococci were examined for their ability to grow in a complex medium supplemented with NaF, and at various pH levels. Streptococcus mutans strains were the most susceptible to inhibition, with Streptococcus mitior and Streptococcus sanguis being the least affected. The S. mutans genotype comprising serotypes c, e and f was more susceptible to inhibition by fluoride than was the genotype comprising serotypes d and g. The results suggest that the fluoride concentration of dental plaque might influence the relative proportions of the species of streptococci found in dental plaque. <38> UI - 81027821 AU - Shibata S AU - Nagata K AU - Nakamura R AU - Tsunemitsu A AU - Misaki A TI - Interaction of parotid saliva basic glycoprotein with Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10557. SO - Journal of Periodontology 1980 Sep;51(9):499-504 AB - It is postulated that an initial step in dental plaque formation is the adherence of oral bacteria to the salivary pellicle. Recently, we have found that a proline-rich and basic glycoprotein (MGP) from human parotid saliva, which is successfully purified by Concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography, binds to some oral streptococci such as S. mitis and S. sanguis. This paper deals with some inhibitors which affect the binding of the MGP to S. sanguis ATCC 10557. The assay for the binding ability of the radioactive MGP to the bacterial cells was performed by incubation of the reaction mixture containing 10 microgram of [3H]MGP (6000 dpm) and about 4.5 mg of bacterial cells (dry weight) in 0.5 ml of 0.05 M Tris-HCl buffer containing 0.05 M NaCl, pH 8.0 with a final volume of 0.51 ml. After 1 hour standing at 4 degrees C, the cells were washed five times with the same buffer. The resulting sediment was solubilized in 0.5 ml of NCS tissue solubilizer and the radioactivity was measured. The binding of the radioactive MGP to bacterial cells was specifically inhibited by galactose, lactose and N-acetyllactosamine. Applications of heat and trypsin on the cell surface, strikingly reduced the binding ability. These findings strongly suggested that a lectin-like substance may be present on the bacterial cell surface. <39> UI - 80248465 AU - Hoover CI AU - Newbrun E AU - Mettraux G AU - Graf H TI - Microflora and chemical composition of dental plaque from subjects with hereditary fructose intolerance. SO - Infection & Immunity 1980 Jun;28(3):853-9 AB - We compared the microbiological and chemical composition of dental plaque from subjects with hereditary fructose intolerance who restrict their dietary sugar intake with that of control subjects who do not. The two groups showed no significant differences in chemical composition of plaque: the mean protein, carbohydrate, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate contents were similar. Dental plaque from both groups contained similar numbers of total colony-forming units per microgram of plaque protein, and Streptococcus sanguis, an indigenous nonpathogen, was isolated with equal frequency from plaque samples of both groups. However, potentially odontopathic Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus were isolated three to four times more frequently from plaque samples of control subjects than from plaque samples of subjects with hereditary fructose intolerance. Clearly, diet (sucrose in particular) influences the colonization and multiplication of specific cariogenic organisms in dental plaque. <40> UI - 80223134 AU - Takahashi N AU - Horikawa T AU - Mizuno F AU - Takamori K TI - Insoluble glucan hydrolyzing enzymes from oral bacteroides. SO - Bulletin of Tokyo Medical & Dental University 1980 Jun;27(2):79-88 AB - Crude enzymes (En(C)) which hydrolyze insoluble glucan produced by Streptococcus mutans FA-1 were extracted from Bacteroides oralis obtained from human dental plaque. Extracellular insoluble glucan of S. mutans (IsG) and the one which was partially modified by Smith degradation (M-IsG) were used as substrates. Commercial dextran (M.W. 2,000,000) was used as control. Composition of the types of glucosidic linkages of the glucans was determined by methylation analysis. The ratio of the alpha-(1--6) linkage and alpha-(1--3) linkage was 96.3% and 0.5% for dextran, 29.2% and 55.1% for IsG and 11.9% and 84.9% for M-IsG. En(C) was extracted by salting out of the culture of B. oralis with 60% saturation of ammonium sulfate. En(C) hydrolyzed IsG, M-IsG and dextran, whereas commercial dextranase (alpha-1,6 glucanase) hydrolyzed only dextran. IsG was treated with the commercial dextranase until no glucose was detected in the medium, and the remaining material was used for the substrate of enzymes. Release of glucose was detected from the substrate by treatment with En(C), but not with commercial dextranase. These results indicated that En(C) of Bacteroides oralis contained at least two types of glucanase, one being dextranase which hydrolyzes the alpha-(1--6) linkage and the other the so-called mutanase which hydrolyzes the alpha-(1--3) linkage. <41> UI - 80204736 AU - Ellen RP AU - Fillery ED AU - Banting DW TI - Comparison of selective broth and plating methods for isolation of Streptococcus mutans from root surface dental plaques. SO - Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1980 Mar;11(3):205-8 AB - Approximately 150 sound root surfaces in 44 subjects prone to root surface caries were sampled longitudinally to determine the microbial flora associated with root caries initiation. During the first 16 months of the study, a comparison of Streptococcus mutans recovery was made by using three bacteriological media: mitis-salivarius agar (MSA), mitis-salivarius-bacitracin-sucrose agar (MSB), and a partially selective mannitol-containing broth. Total streptococcal and S. mutans populations were found to be much lower than in previous reports. MSB was more selective; S. mutans was detected in many samples when its numbers were too low for isolation on MSA. However, recovery of S. mutans was greater on MSA than on MSB for most samples yielding colonies on both media. Mannitol-containing broth used as an enrichment medium yielded the highest frequency of S. mutans isolation among the three media. <42> UI - 80182627 AU - Hamada S AU - Masuda N AU - Kotani S TI - Isolation and serotyping of Streptococcus mutans from teeth and feces of children. SO - Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1980 Apr;11(4):314-8 AB - Streptococcus mutans were detected in the feces from 10 of 29 caries-active patients, aged 4 to 9 years. The percentage of S. mutans to the total counts of facultatively anaerobic streptococci on mitis salivarius agar (Difco Laboratories) varied from 0 to 72.5%. S. mutans were then isolated from dental plaque of sound teeth and carious dentin of the 10 subjects known to harbor S. mutans in the feces. The frequency distribution of various serotypes of these dental and fecal isolates of S. mutans was compared by the immunodiffusion technique. Of the total 1,047 isolates (290 isolates from feces, 289 from dental plaque, and 468 from carious dentin), type c isolates were most prevalent (ca. 66%). Serotype d, e, f, and g isolates were also found but in far lower frequencies. Plural serotypes of S. mutans were occasionally found in dental and fecal samples of a single subject. For two subjects, relatively rare serotypes of S. mutans in the population examined, serotype e, f, or g, were predominantly found in their fecal and dental samples and those of their siblings and mother, suggesting an intrafamilial transmission of S. mutans. <43> UI - 80168708 AU - Denepitiya L AU - Schiott CR TI - Streptococcus mutans-like bacteria from human dental plaque in a Sri Lanka (Ceylon) population. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1980 Feb;88(1):40-5 AB - This paper reports on the presence of low numbers of Streptococcus mutans among the oral streptococci present in human dental plaque in a Sri Lanka (Ceylon) population, where the caries activity is low and a low sucrose intake is combined with the presence of heavy plaque deposits. Plaque samples of unknown age were collected from 10 individuals in a tea estate, and another 10 samples were collected from dental students 19 days following interruption of oral hygiene. Of 670 such strains of oral streptococci studied, none showed typical "frosted glass" colony morphology on Mitis Salivarius agar. However, when subjected to physiological tests 14 of them were classified as S. mutans. <44> UI - 80136327 AU - Mouton C AU - Reynolds HS AU - Genco RJ TI - Characterization of tufted streptococci isolated from the "corn cob" configuration of human dental plaque. SO - Infection & Immunity 1980 Jan;27(1):235-45 AB - Streptococci isolated from "corn cob" configurations of human dental plaque possess a polar fibrillar tuft extending 100 to 150 nm from one pole of the cell. The two strains studied were physiologically related to the Streptococcus sanguis-Streptococcus mitior group and were most similar to Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903. The corn cob streptococci were serologically related to S. sanguis serotype 1. The polar tuft contained at least two antigenically distinct components, one serologically related to the glycerol phosphate backbone of teichoic acid. The other was an electrophoretically slow-moving antigen similar to a component of S. mitis ATCC 903. It is suggested that the corn cob streptococci in vivo adhere to Bacterionema matruchotii by means of the polar tuft. <45> UI - 80203413 AU - Loesche WJ AU - Straffon LH TI - Longitudinal investigation of the role of Streptococcus mutans in human fissure decay. SO - Infection & Immunity 1979 Nov;26(2):498-507 AB - A prospective study was initiated in order to detect changes in the levels and proportions of Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguis, and lactobacilli before and at the time of caries development on occlusal fissures. The bacteriological analysis was performed on 195 teeth that received four examinations at approximately 6-month intervals. The data obtained from 42 carious fissures and 153 caries-free fissures strongly indicated an etiological role for S. mutans in most of the diagnosed fissure lesions. This was demonstrated by the longitudinal analysis, which showed the proportions of S. mutans to increase significantly at the time of caries diagnosis, and by cross-sectional comparisons, which showed that the proportions of S. mutans in the carious fissures were significantly higher than in caries-free fissures. Three subjects who had a low caries expereince developed five new carious lesions. Lactobacilli were prominent members of the caries-associated flora in these subjects greatly outnumbering S. mutans. The levels and proportions of S. sanguis tended to be higher in the caries-free fissures. Altho1gh the results are striking in that they implicate S. mutans in fissure decay, they show that clinical decay can occur in a few instances in the absence of detectable S. mutans, as was observed in the fissures high in lactobacilli. <46> UI - 80191644 AU - Kelstrup J AU - Theilade J AU - Fejerskov O TI - Surface ultrastructure of some oral bacteria. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1979 Dec;87(6):415-23 AB - Adhesion of Streptococcus sanguis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and an Actinomyces sp. to enamel and epon and their interspecies cohesion was studied with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. For adhesion studies enamel or epon was coated with salivary macromolecules and then cells of S. sanguis and in some experiments also with F. nucleatum or Actinomyces sp. Cells of S. sanguis were seen scattered over the surface of a thin "pellicle" that was heavily stained, and F. nucleatum and Actinomyces sp. adhered to S. sanguis or directly to the "pellicle". For studies of cohesion S. sanguis was brought to cohere with F. nucleatum or Actinomyces sp. and then processed for transmission electron microscopy. The morphology of the cell surface structures involved was studied in negatively stained preparations or in thin sections of material treated with ruthenium red or poststained with uranyl and lead salts, phosphotungstic acid or periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-osmium tetroxide. S. sanguis demonstrated a fuzzy coat of fimbriae that seemed to unfold in areas of contact with other cells, while cells of F. nucleatum had 6-10 polar pilus-like fimbriae, which appeared to be instrumental in cohesion, as did a dense coat of long, slender fimbriae that covered cells of Actinomyces sp. <47> UI - 80160485 AU - Sheiham A TI - The epidemiology of dental caries and periodontal disease. SO - Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1979 Dec;6(7):7-15 AB - Dental caries and periodontal disease are common in industrialized countries and caries is increasing in non-industrialized countries. The predominant method of coping with the disease problem has been to treat rather than prevent the diseases, an approach which has obviously failed to cope with the problem as shown by the results of the International Collaborative Study of Dental Manpower Systems (58). Epidemiological evidence suggests that a food policy directed at lowering the refined sugar consumption level to about 10 kg per person per year in conjunction with fluoride supplementation of the diet would virtually eliminate dental caries in industrialized countries. Health education to improve the effectiveness of toothbrushing will reduce the progression of periodontal disease to a rate compatible with keeping teeth for a life-time. <48> UI - 80168696 AU - Orstavik D AU - Ruangsri P TI - Effects of bactericidal treatments on bacterial adherence and dental plaque formation. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1979 Aug;87(4):296-301 AB - In vivo plaque formation was significantly reduced when tooth surfaces were subjected to topical applications of iodine (0.2% I2 in 2.0% KI) twice daily for 3 d. Similarly, in vivo plaque formation was significantly reduced on enamel surfaces that were subjected to ultraviolet irradiation. Control experiments indicated that neither ultraviolet irradiation nor iodine treatment interfered with mechanisms for bacterial apposition to dental plaque. The results are interpreted to suggest that plaque grows in mass primarily by the division and multiplication in situ by plaque bacteria, not by a continued apposition of salivary microbes. <49> UI - 80152887 AU - Westergren G AU - Freedman M TI - Comparative study of two variants of the mouth Streptococcus sanguis with different colonial morphologies and abilities to adhere. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1979;24(9):667-72 <50> UI - 80044888 AU - Kashket S AU - Liberman E TI - Fragility of salivary aggregates of Streptoccus mutans. SO - Caries Research 1979;13(6):307-12 <51> UI - 80050375 AU - Cowman RA AU - Schaefer SJ AU - Fitzgerald RJ AU - Rosner D AU - Shklair IL AU - Walter RG TI - Differential utilization of proteins in saliva from caries-active and caries-free subjects as growth substrates by plaque-forming streptococci. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1979 Oct;58(10):2019-27 AB - Mixed or parotid saliva from caries-active individuals consistently supported better growth of Streptococcus mutans (type c) than that from caries-free individuals. Electrophoretic studies revealed that certain proteins in caries-active salivas were susceptible to microbial attack, but similar proteins in caries-free salivas were refractory. <52> UI - 80018732 AU - Gilmour MN AU - Turner G AU - Krenzer AK AU - Zahn LB AU - Curzon JA TI - Protein-to-wet weight relationships in supragingival plaques from caries-prone tooth surfaces. SO - Applied & Environmental Microbiology 1979 Jul;38(1):119-26 AB - The ratio of protein to wet weight in unpooled samples of supragingival plaques from sound and carious tooth surfaces was studied. Protein was assayed by a procedure developed for the study, in order to achieve a sensitivity of 1 microgram with minimum effects upon quantitation from protein composition and nonprotein components. Ratios of protein to wet weight in plaque specimens from caries-free surfaces were almost equally distributed into two main categories of 9.4% and 6.5%. Corresponding values for specimens from carious surfaces were 9.1% and 5.0%. The occurrence of high and of low values among samples from each type of surface indicated that the plaques differed quantitatively in protein, water, or a nonprotein component, possibly extracellular polysaccharide. Although compositional differences between plaques from the two types of surfaces were indicated by the lower ratios of 6.5% from noncarious and 5.0% from carious surfaces, they were not indicated by the higher ratio values, which were similar. These results suggest either that protein-to-wet weight ratios are not related to caries, or that the ratio values are related to caries for some but not all types of plaques. <53> UI - 79217027 AU - Rutter PR AU - Leech R TI - Factors influencing the deposition and growth of oral organisms on hard surfaces. SO - Journal of Dentistry 1979 Jun;7(2):161-8 <54> UI - 80077327 AU - Ahmed FI AU - Russell C TI - Plaque formation in vitro by Actinomyces viscosus in the presence of Streptococcus sanguis or Streptococcus mutans. SO - Microbios 1978;23(92):93-8 AB - Actinomyces viscosus, growing on a tooth in the presence of sucrose, slowly produced a loosely-attached plaque, the pH being 6.1 after 120 h. When the tooth was inoculated simultaneously with A. viscosus and either Streptococcus sanguis or Streptococcus mutans, firmly-adherent plaque was quickly formed and the pH fell below 5 after 33 h with the former Streptococcus and 24 h with the latter. A. viscosus disappeared from each mixed plaque by 120 h. <55> UI - 79121438 AU - Challacombe SJ TI - Salivary IgA antibodies to antigens from Streptococcus mutans in human dental caries. SO - Advances in Experimental Medicine & Biology 1978;107:355-67 AB - 1) Subjects of low caries experience (DMF 7) had significantly lower IgA antibody titers to antigens from S. mutans serotype c than subjects of high caries experience (DMF 13). 2) Subjects with carious lesions and a high DMF had significantly lower salivary antibody titers than subjects without carious lesions. 3) Sequential studies revealed that in the absence of caries salivary antibody titers decreased over a 9 month period. 4) Treatment of caries was associated with a rise in salivary IgA antibodies. No significant changes were associated with the development of caries. 5) No relationship with caries experience was found with antibodies to S. mutans BHT (serotype b), S. sanguis OMZ-9 or S. mitis CHT. 6) The results do not support the hypothesis that salivary antibodies in man play a role in protection against caries. <56> UI - 79076689 AU - Hardie JM AU - Marsh PD TI - Streptococci and the human oral flora. [Review] [273 refs] SO - Society for Applied Bacteriology Symposium Series 1978;7:157-206 <57> UI - 79027913 AU - Going RE AU - Loesche WJ AU - Grainger DA AU - Syed SA TI - The viability of microorganisms in carious lesions five years after covering with a fissure sealant. SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1978 Sep;97(3):455-62 AB - Carious lesions that were covered with a pit and fissure sealant for five years yielded bacterial cultures that were predominantly negative. Sixteen of 18 test sites judged to have active caries in 1972 were found inactive in 1977; ten of 12 sites suspected to have caries in 1972 were deemed to have inactive caries in 1977. Sealant treatment resulted in an apparent 89% reversal from a caries-active to a caries-inactive state. These data confirm and extend previous observations that a limited number of cultivable organisms persist in some lesions but their numbers are few, and they do not appear capable of continuing the destruction of tooth structure. <58> UI - 79023417 AU - Takamori K AU - Mizuno F AU - Takahashi N AU - Horikawa T TI - Distribution of Neisseria, Rothia and streptococci in early stages of dental plaque. SO - Bulletin of Tokyo Medical & Dental University 1978 Sep;25(3):189-96 <59> UI - 79010150 AU - Hamada S AU - Ooshima T AU - Torii M AU - Imanishi H AU - Masuda N AU - Sobue S AU - Kotani S TI - Dental caries induction in experimental animals by clinical strains of Streptococcus mutans isolated from Japanese children. SO - Microbiology & Immunology 1978;22(6):301-14 AB - Oral implantation and the cariogenic activity of clinical strains of Streptococcus mutans which had been isolated from Japanese children and labeled with streptomycin-resistance were examined in specific pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats. All the seven strains tested were easily implanted and persisted during the experimental period. Extensive carious lesions were produced in rats inoculated with clinical strains of S. mutans belonging to serotypes c, d, e, and f, and maintained on caries-inducing diet no. 2000. Noninfected rats did not develop dental caries when fed diet no. 2000. Type d S. mutans preferentially induced smooth surface caries in the rats. Strains of other serotypes primarily developed caries of pit and fissure origin. Caries also developed in rats inoculated with reference S. mutans strains BHTR and FAIR (type b) that had been maintained in the laboratories for many years. However, the cariogenicity of the laboratory strains was found to have decreased markedly. All three S. sanguis strains could be implanted, but only one strain induced definite fissure caries. Two S. salivarius strains could not be implanted well in the rats and therefore they were not cariogenic. Four different species of lactobacilli also failed to induce dental caries in rats subjected to similar caries test regimen on diet no. 200. S. mutans strain MT6R (type c) also induce caries in golden hamsters and ICR mice, but of variable degrees. <60> UI - 78242796 AU - Mao M AU - Rosen S TI - Serotypes of Streptococcus sanguis from six-year-old children. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1978 Jan;57(1):54 <61> UI - 78246356 AU - Hamada S AU - Kobayashi Y AU - Slade HD TI - Cell-bound synthesis and subsequent adherence of oral streptococci due to the binding of extracellular glucosyltransferase to the streptococcal cell surface. SO - Microbiology & Immunology 1978;22(5):279-82 <62> UI - 78209477 AU - Yagi Y AU - McLellan TS AU - Frez WA AU - Clewell DB TI - Characterization of a small plasmid determining resistance to erythromycin, lincomycin, and vernamycin Balpha in a strain of Streptococcus sanguis isolated from dental plaque. SO - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy 1978 May;13(5):884-7 <63> UI - 78101799 AU - Stack MV AU - Donoghue HD AU - Tyler JE TI - Discrimination between oral streptococci by pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography. SO - Applied & Environmental Microbiology 1978 Jan;35(1):45-50 AB - Washed organisms, including strains of Streptococcus mitior, S. mutans, and S. sanguis, were examined by curie-point pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography. A linear discriminant function based upon three items from the output data was adequate for segregating the strains according to species. Strains with intermediate properties were also encountered. Sources of variability in cultures were evaluated, chromatographic performance was maintained throughout the investigation, and matching performance from a duplicate pair of chromatographic columns was demonstrated. <64> UI - 78189280 AU - Nakamura T AU - Suginaka Y AU - Obata T AU - Obata N AU - Yamazaki N TI - Bacteriocin-like activities of human dental plaque flora against oral anaerobic microorganisms. SO - Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College 1977 Nov;18(4):217-9 <65> UI - 78130431 AU - Bowen WH AU - Velez H AU - Aguila M AU - Velasquez H AU - Sierra LI AU - Gillespie G TI - The microbiology and biochemistry of plaque, saliva, and drinking water from two communities with contrasting levels of caries in Colombia, S.A. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1977 Oct;56 Spec No:C32-9 <66> UI - 78079834 AU - Svanberg M AU - Loesche WJ TI - The salivary concentration of Streptococci mutans and Streptococci sanguis and their colonization of artificial tooth fissures in man. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1977;22(7):441-7 <67> UI - 78059245 AU - Tanzer JM AU - Slee AM AU - Kamay BA TI - Structural requirements of guanide, biguanide, and bisbiguanide agents for antiplaque activity. SO - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy 1977 Dec;12(6):721-9 <68> UI - 78039462 AU - Theilade E AU - Fejerskov O AU - Migasena K AU - Prachyabrued W TI - Effect of fissure sealing on the microflora in occlusal fissures of human teeth. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1977;22(4):251-9 <69> UI - 78005727 AU - Hoover CI AU - Newbrun E TI - Survival of bacteria from human dental plaque under various transport conditions. SO - Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1977 Sep;6(3):212-8 <70> UI - 78006003 AU - Hoffman S AU - Tow HD AU - Cole JS 3d TI - Antiplaque potential of topical stannous fluoride. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1977 Jul;56(7):709-15 AB - Sterile enamel samples treated by topical application of 10% stannous fluoride were incubated with S mutans and S sanguis respectively and with a mixed culture to which L casei had been added. The results were compared with sterile nonfluoridated enamel samples subjected to the same procedures. The parameters compared were postincubation pH values, bacterial concentrations on the surfaces, and enamel surface alterations. Stannous fluoride treated samples consistently yielded higher pH readings than nonfluoridated samples; the concentration of microorganisms adhering to the surfaces was conspicuously reduced on the pretreated enamel when compared by scanning electron microscopy to untreated samples, as were enamel surface alterations. These findings lend support to other recent investigations which have shown that fluorides act in several ways to inhibit cariogenesis in addition to reducing hydroxyapatite solubility. <71> UI - 78007598 AU - Ronstrom A AU - Edwardsson S AU - Atistrom R TI - Streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus salivarius in early plaque formation on plastic films. SO - Journal of Periodontal Research 1977 Sep;12(5):331-9 <72> UI - 77250200 AU - Ostrom CA AU - Koulourides T AU - Hickman F AU - McGhee JR TI - Microbial characterization of an experimental cariogenic plaque in man. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1977 Jun;56(6):550-8 AB - Experimentally induced plaque seemed to originate by direct contact inoculation from the vestibular mucosa and saliva. During the next seven days, this plaque developed its own characteristics. Populations of Streptococcus mutans usually less than 2% of total streptococci population in plaques that were less than three days old, increased between days 3 and 7. Proportions of S sanguis, high in early samples, decreased after day 3. Populations of S salivarius, which usually outnumbered other streptococci, fluctuated widely through day 3, and then increased in proportion in subjects who were more productive of experimental caries, but decreased in subjects who were less productive. Proportions of plaque flora comprising lactobacilli paralleled those of S salivarius. <73> UI - 77248464 AU - Kuramitsu H AU - Ingersoll L TI - Molecular basis for the different sucrose-dependent adherence properties of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis. SO - Infection & Immunity 1977 Aug;17(2):330-7 AB - The enzymatic and adherence properties of Streptococcus mutans GS5 and S. sanguis ST3, both isolated from human carious lesions, have been compared. During growth in sucrose media, S. mutans GS5 adheres to smooth surfaces approximately three times more effectively than dose S. sanguis ST3. However, strain ST3 does not display sucrose-dependent adherence under nongrowth conditions, whereas strain GS5 displays significant adherence. Although both organisms synthesize both water-soluble and -insoluble glucans, the glucosyltransferases from S. mutans GS5 synthesize much more adherent glucan molecules than do the comparable enzymes from S. sanguis ST3. Both cell types bind exogenous glucosyltransferases synthesized by strain ST3 equally well, whereas cells of strain GS5 bind the comparable enzyme fraction that it synthesizes to a greater degree than do cell of S. sanguis ST3. However, in contrast to the results with cells of S. mutans GS5, the absorption of the glucosyltransferase activity synthesized by S. mutans GS5 to the surface of S. sanguis ST3 results in low levels of subsequent sucrose-dependent adherence. These results are discussed in terms of the molecular basis for the sucrose-dependent adherence of the oral streptococci to smooth surfaces. <74> UI - 77248414 AU - Weerkamp A AU - Bongaerts-Larik L AU - Vogels GD TI - Bacteriocins as factors in the in vitro interaction between oral streptococci in plaque. SO - Infection & Immunity 1977 Jun;16(3):773-80 <75> UI - 77226906 AU - Minah GE AU - Loesche WJ TI - Sucrose metabolism by prominent members of the flora isolated from cariogenic and non-cariogenic dental plaques. SO - Infection & Immunity 1977 Jul;17(1):55-61 AB - Sucrose metabolism by resting-cell suspensions of pure cultures of representative members of the predominant cultivable flora isolated from cariogenic and non-cariogenic dental plaque was investigated by means of radiochemical techniques. Streptocococcus mutans utilized sucrose at a considerably faster rate than S. sanguis, S. mitis, Actinomyces viscosus, A. naeslundii, or Lactobacillus casei, forming lactic acid, intracellular polysaccharide, insoluble extracellular glucan, and lactic acid from intracellular polysaccharide catabolism at faster rates than the other bacteria. The Actinomyces formed more volatile acids than the streptococci, mostly acetic, and S. sanguis formed more soluble extracellular polysaccharide than the other bacteria. The metabolic activity of S. mutans resembled the pattern of sucrose metabolism of cariogenic plaque, whereas the metabolic activity of the Actinomyces species, the predominant members of non-cariogenic plaque flora, resembled the sucrose metabolism of non-cariogenic plaques. <76> UI - 77226905 AU - Minah GE AU - Loesche WJ TI - Sucrose metabolism in resting-cell suspensions of caries associated and non-caries-associated dental plaque. SO - Infection & Immunity 1977 Jul;17(1):43-54 <77> UI - 77228151 AU - Linke HA TI - New method for the isolation of Streptococcus mutans and its differentiation from other oral streptococci. SO - Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1977 Jun;5(6):604-9 AB - A new, improved agar medium for the isolation of Streptococcus mutans, the etiological agent of dental caries, was developed. In contrast to mitis-salivarius agar, this medium not only recovers a greater number of S. mutans strains from most oral specimens but, because of its mannitol and sorbitol content, it also facilitates the differentiation of S. mutans from other oral streptococci, e.g., S. salivarius, S. mitis, and S. sanguis, which do not grow or produce scanty growth only after 10 days of incubation. The medium is easy to prepare because of its simple and unique composition, is characterized by the presence of an acid indicator, and can be utilized under aerobic and anaerobic conditions as well. The medium cannot be used to distinguish among the eight serotypes, a to g and SL-1, of S. mutans. Mannitol-utilizing bacteria such as streptococci (e.g., S. faecalis) and other microorganisms (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) are able to grow on this medium and can be distinguished from S. mutans by their unique colony morphology. <78> UI - 77223622 AU - Weerkamp A AU - Vogels GD AU - Skotnicki M TI - Antagonistic substances produced by streptococci from human dental plaque and their significance in plaque ecology. SO - Caries Research 1977;11(5):245-56 <79> UI - 77165919 AU - Loesche WJ AU - Bradbury DR AU - Woolfolk MP TI - Reduction of dental decay in rampant caries individuals following short-term kanamycin treatment. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1977 Mar;56(3):254-65 AB - A week of kanamycin gel treatment before and after the placement of dental restorations, compared to a placebo gel treatment, significantly reduced the levels of cultivable bacteria, S mutans and S sanguis, in the plaque samples collected immediately after the completion of the gel treatments, and was associated with a 46% reduction in new carious surfaces in the 14- to 37-month period following the gel treatment. <80> UI - 77127128 AU - Orstavik D AU - Brandtzaeg P TI - Serum antibodies to plaque bacteria in subjects with dental caries and gingivitis. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1977 Jan-Feb;85(2):106-13 AB - Correlations were sought between indices of gingival inflammation and dental caries experience and serum antibody titers to five species of oral bacteria. The material comprised 53 young adult males. A statistically significant, negative correlation was observed between the antibody titer to a pool of Veillonella strains and dental caries experience. Multiple regression analyses failed to reveal significant associations between periodontal disease and serum antibody titers. However, the data suggested a combined association of the titers to the strains of Veillonella and a strain of Fusobacterium with the periodontal index. <81> UI - 77120789 AU - Socransky SS AU - Manganiello AD AU - Propas D AU - Oram V AU - van Houte J TI - Bacteriological studies of developing supragingival dental plaque. SO - Journal of Periodontal Research 1977 Mar;12(2):90-106 <82> UI - 77119104 AU - Liljemark WF AU - Schauer SV TI - Competitive binding among oral strptococci to hydroxyapatite. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1977 Feb;56(2):157-65 AB - The relative affinity of various oral streptococci for hydroxyapatite (HA) differed widely. Streptococcus mutans affinity for dextran-coated HA was the highest of all the streptococci to any HA coating. S salivarius had the lowest affinity, and S sanguis affnity was higher then S miteor for saliva-coated HA. Competition for binding sites on saliva-dextran-coated, dextran-coated HA. Hhwever, competition between this pair was not for the same binding site but for closely associated sites. <83> UI - 77073713 AU - Loesche WJ AU - Hockett RN AU - Syed SA TI - Reduction in proportions of dental plaque streptococci following a 5 day topical kanamycin treatment. SO - Journal of Periodontal Research 1977 Jan;12(1):1-10 <84> UI - 77108118 AU - Larmas M AU - Scheinin A AU - Gehring F AU - Makinen KK TI - Turku sugar studies XX. Microbiological findings and plaque index values in relation to 1-year use of xylitol chewing gum. SO - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 1976;34(6):381-96 AB - The aim was to study possible alterations in the microbial flora of plaque and saliva in relation to partial substitution of dietary sucrose with xylitol. The development of plaque index values was observed simultaneously. These observations were carried out during a 1-year clinical trial, the effects of sucrose (S) and xylitol (X) chewing gum on the incidence of dental caries being observed in 100 young adults. Paraffin-stimulated saliva samples were diluted stepwise and cultivated on Rogosa S.L. agar and Sabouraud agar aerobically. Lyophilized dental plaque samples were cultivated on phenol red agar under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The pH-values were measured after incubating the mixed plaque flora for 1 and 7 days in the presence of various sugars. Both the arithmetic and geometric means of the total CFU values on Rogosa S.L. agar decreased in the S-group at the 6-month phase but returned to the starting level after one year, whereas in the X-group they decreased or remained on the starting level. At the 6-month phase the difference between the groups was significant (U-test, p = 0.0013) and almost significant (U-test, p = 0.0569) at the end of the study. No significant differences or changes could be seen between or within the groups on Sabouraud agar. The geometric mean values of S. sanguis and S. mutans as well as the total CFU values on phenol red agar decreased considerably in both the S- and X-groups, but no significant differences could be detected in any of the streptococcal counts between the groups. The pH of the carbohydrate-containing culture media infected with mixed dental plaque significantly decreased, with the exception of the xylitol containing ones in which the pH values were not lowered even after 7 days' incubation. A significant decrease in plaque formation in relation of chewing per se was demonstrable. The difference in the plaque index values equalling or exceeding 2 was significant between the S- and X-groups. No bacterial adaptation to utilize xylitol occurred during the trial. <85> UI - 77108114 AU - Gehring F AU - Makinen KK AU - Larmas M AU - Scheinin A TI - Turku sugar studies X. Occurrence of polysaccharide-forming streptococci and ability of the mixed plaque microbiota to ferment various carbohydrates. SO - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 1976;34(6):329-43 AB - Dental plaque samples collected from the subjects during the last 20 months of the 2 year trial were subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis of the occurrence of S. mutans, S. sanguis, S. salivarius and the total growth on phenol red agar. Lyophilized plaque samples were homogenized and incubated on a sucrose containing medium under anaerobic conditions. In addition, the pH-values were measured after incubation of the mixed plaque flora in media containing 1% respectively xylitol(X), sorbitol, sucrose (S), fructose (F) or no carbohydrates. The results show a significantly lower incidence of S. mutans in the X-group relative to the S- and F-groups. The corresponding difference could not be observed between the S- and F-groups. The logarithmic means and standard deviations of the colony counts of S. sanguis, S. salivarius and total bacteria yielded no significant differences between the 3 sugar groups during the test period. Repeated pH-measurements, carried out at the 4, 12, 18 and 24 month phases, showed that, except in the presence of X, the mean values all fell below the pH-limit of 5.5. In the course of the study, no evidence was obtained of adaption of mutation enabling acidogenic decomposition of X. These findings emphasize the importance of low acidogenic potential in dental plaque, generally paralleled by a low incidence of dental caries. <86> UI - 77038165 AU - Emilson CG AU - Fornell J TI - Effect of toothbrushing with chlorhexidine gel on salivary microflora, oral hygiene, and caries. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1976 Sep;84(5):308-19 AB - The effect of daily toothbrushing with 0.5% chlorhexidine-containing gel for 12 months was evaluated in a double-blind study in 37 dental students. The active gel did not markedly influence plaque formation, gingival conditions, or caries as compared with placebo gel treatment. Salivary bacterial counts were performed on subgroups of six subjects using chlorhexidine gel and on six using placebo gel. No differences in the effect of treatment on the microorganisms studied in the two subgroups could be detected except for S. sanguis. The percentage of this species decrease in the placebo group and increased in the chlorhexidine group. The difference became significant after 2 weeks. A tendency to a greater reduction of S. mutans noted in the chlorhexidine group was most marked in individuals who had high initial counts of this species. The proportion of S. sanguis, which could grow on chlorhexidinei-containing mitis salivarius medium, increased and after 12 months of chlorhexidine treatment averaged 34% of cultivable S. sanguis compared with 0.002% prior to treatment. The number of less sensitive S. sanguis decreased in the 12 months following termination of treatment. There was no observed tendency for the selection or proliferation of other streptococci, gram-negative rods, yeasts, or staphylococci. <87> UI - 77027803 AU - Reed MJ AU - Patters MR AU - Mashimo PA AU - Genco RJ AU - Levine RJ TI - Blastogenic response of human lymphocytes to oral bacterial antigens: characterization of bacterial sonicates. SO - Infection & Immunity 1976 Nov;14(5):1202-12 AB - Soluble sonicate supernatant preparations were made from Actinomyces viscosus (ATCC 19246), A. naeslundii (ATCC 12104), two strains of Veillonella alcalescens (strain HV-1 and a human oral isolate), Streptococcus sanguis (ATCC 10556), S. mutans (strain 6715-T2), Bacteroides melaninogenicus (strain K110), and Leptotrichia buccalis (isolated from human dental plaque). These supernatants were characterized with reference to their chemical and antigenic components and their biological activity determined by using in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis as a measure of the host's cellular immune response. The sonicate supernatant of each bacterium contained protein, neutral sugars, methylpentose, and nucleic acids. Protein was the major component in all except L. buccalis, in which neutral sugars predominated. The antigenic components in each supernatant were detected by using rabbit antisera prepared against the whole bacteria and the sonicate supernatant. The supernatants showed a complex antigenic distribution on immunoelectrophoretic analysis. The supernatants were shown to be antigenic and not mitogenic in nature, since neither cord blood lymphocytes nor all adult lymphocytes were stimulated. The supernatant antigen preparations showed a reproducible, dose-dependent, and kinetic response in vitro, which was similar to that seen with the antigen preparation streptokinase-streptodornase. <88> UI - 77043493 AU - Sudo SZ AU - Schotzko NK AU - Folke LE TI - Use of hydroxyapatite-coasted glass beads for preclinical testing of potential antiplaque agents. SO - Applied & Environmental Microbiology 1976 Sep;32(3):428-32 AB - Methods for rapid preclinical testing of antiplaque agents in vitro using hydroxyapatite (HT)-coated glass beads are described. The assays developed could reliably detect (i) prevention of growth in the culture fluid or on the HT surfaces, (ii) the effect of transient exposure of a bactericidal agent on the viability of cells in a preformed bacterial mat, (iii) reversible adsorption of a bactericidal agent on an HT surface, and (iv) the ability of an agent to inhibit adsorption of Streptococcus sanguis to an HT surface or to salivary proteins adsorbed to an HT surface. <89> UI - 77044261 AU - Biral RR TI - Correlation between streptococci of human dental plaques and dental caries. SO - Australian Dental Journal 1976 Apr;21(2):143-6 AB - Plaque samples from 27 buccal tooth surfaces were obtained with sterile McCall curettes from available third molars. Bacteriological sampling and biochemical tests were carried out to identify four groups of streptococci, i.e. Str. mutans, Str. spp., Str. sanguis and Str. mitis. Clinical examinations carried out 6 months after the dental scrapings were taken showed a strong positive correlation between detectable lesions and Str. mutans. <90> UI - 77006652 AU - Dennis DA AU - Gawronski TH AU - Cressey DE AU - Folke LE TI - Effects of sodium trimetaphosphate supplementation of a high sucrose diet on the microbial and biochemical composition of four-day plaque and on urine calcium and phosphorus levels. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1976 Sep-Oct;55(5):787-96 AB - Daily supplementation of a high sucrose diet with 5 gm TMP resulted in significant alterations in certain human plaque components. Veillonella and Neisseria population (as percent total viable microorganisms), S sanguis (as percent streptococci), and levan hydrolase activity per milligram of plaque increased, whereas total viable microorganisms per milligram of plaque, streptococci per milligram of plaque, and specific fructosyltransferase activity decreased during the TMP-containing diet regimen. <91> UI - 77021129 AU - Pearce EI TI - Adsorption of steptococcal extracellular polysaccharides by hydroxyapatite. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1976;21(9):545-9 <92> UI - 76252210 AU - Onose H AU - Sandham HJ TI - pH changes during culture of human dental plaque streptococci on mitis-salivarius agar. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1976;21(5):291-6 <93> UI - 76237400 AU - Dibdin GH AU - Shellis RP AU - Wilson CM TI - An apparatus for the continuous culture of micro-organisms on solid surfaces with special reference to dental plaque. SO - Journal of Applied Bacteriology 1976 Jun;40(3):261-8 <94> UI - 76234141 AU - Takamori K AU - Mizuno F AU - Matsuda Y AU - Takahashi N AU - Horikawa T TI - Dextran degrading activity of oral microbial flora. SO - Bulletin of Tokyo Medical & Dental University 1976 Mar;23(1):23-6 AB - Dextran degrading activity of the human oral microflora was detected by culturing in TYD broth (Tryptose 1.0%, Yeast extract 0.3%, Dextran T-150 (Pharmacia, MW 150,000) 0.15%).All of the plaue and saliva samples collected from 10 subjects showed a dextran degrading activity, both cultured aerobically and anaerobically, while the anaerobic culture was more active than the aerobic. Furthermore, some individual differences were observed in their activity. Crude enzyme(s) was extracted from the supernatant of a mixed culture of plaque sample by adding ammonium-sulfate to 0.6 and 0.8 saturation (called E-1 and E-2, respectively). E-1 contained 2 dextran-degrading enzymes, one being thought to be an endo-enzyme, with the optimal of H being 5.0 and the other an exo-enzyme with the optimal pH being 7.0-7.5. On the other hand, E-2 contained 1 enzyme of the endo-type. Thirteen strains producing dextranase were isolated from the plaque and were identified as Bacteroides oralis-like organisms. Several other organisms were thought to produce dextranase, although we failed to isolate them in this experiment. <95> UI - 76211258 AU - Morhart RE AU - Fitzgerald RJ TI - Nutritional determinants of the ecology of the oral flora. SO - Dental Clinics of North America 1976 Jul;20(3):473-89 AB - Consideration of nutritional factors as determinants of oral microbial ecology leads to the conclusion that endogenous factors play a dominant role. It is the interactions between specific microorganisms and nutritional and other factors provided by the host that selectively determine the kinds of microorganisms which willinitially reside in the oral cavity and the sites which they will colonize. The persistence of these original "colonists" in their respective ecologic niches will depend in part on the accessibility of endogenous nutrients variously provided by saliva, tissue exudates, crevicular fluids, or degenerating host cells. It will also depend on their response to and interaction with microorganisms which immigrate to that site subsequently. The microbial ecology of a given site is therefore rarely uncomplicated, the notable exception occurring at the most microscopic level where one may encounter microcolonies of individual species within more heterogenous populations of microorganisms. The extent of this heterogeneity quantitatively and qualitatively is a reflection of the degree to which the interactions between the resident flora and the new arrivals, plus the local environmental changes which they both generate, serve to promote or to discourage the survival and growth of the individual species. This element of heterogeneity in a dynamic system with its inherent potential for variation makes it possible for relatively minor changes in local environmental conditions to result in significant differences in the microflora between one site and another even though they may be in close proximity to each other. Once this concept is appreciated it becomes easy to understand how disease processes such as dental caries may affect specific areas of a tooth while nearby areas are unaffected. The effects of exogenous nutrients on the ecology of the oral microbiota, nevertheless cannot be ignored. The diet may modulate such endogenous factors as the salivary secretions and the local resistance of the gingival tissues to infections. Although at our present state of knowledge the direct influence of dietary proteins and fats on the oral microbiota is thought to be of relatively minor consequence, dietary carbohydrates are of major ecological significance. Dietary sugars provide readily available substrates for the oral microorganisms, most of which depend on carbohydrates for energy sources. The metabolism of dietary sucrose by S. sanguis and S. mutans with the productions of acids and intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides has specific influence on the microbial composition, metabolic activities, and mass of coronal plaque. The ready availability of dietary carbohydrates undoubtedly influences the microflora of other parts of the oral cavity as well, eic species or indirectly through the interactions of other organisms with them... <96> UI - 76189884 AU - Coulter WA AU - Russell C TI - pH and Eh in single and mixed culture bacterial plaque in an artificial mouth. SO - Journal of Applied Bacteriology 1976 Feb;40(1):73-87 <97> UI - 76190461 AU - Staat RH TI - Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans strains by different mitis-salivarius agar preparations. SO - Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1976 Mar;3(3):378-80 AB - Several Streptococcus mutans strains were markedly inhibited by mitis-salivarius agar manufactured by Baltimore Biological Laboratories, but little, if any, inhibition was noted using Difco Laboratories' mitis-salivarius agar. Supplementation of the basic medium with sucrose and bacitracin for specific selection of S. mutans resulted in suppression of representative S. mutans type a strains regardless of manufacturer. <98> UI - 76168117 AU - Lehner T AU - Challacombe SJ AU - Caldwell J TI - Immunologic basis for vaccination against dental caries in rhesus monkeys. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1976 Apr;55 Spec No:C166-80 AB - The effects of immunization with Streptococcus mutans on the development of caries and the immune responses were investigated in 37 young rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during a period of up to 33 months. The monkeys were supplied a human type of carbohydrate-rich diet that contained about 15% sucrose. The monkeys were separated into seven groups, and the effects of two whole cell vaccines and an extracellular culture extract of S mutans in Freund's incomplete adjuvant were compared with a vaccine of a noncariogenic Streptococcus CHT, the adjuvant alone, and a sham immunized group. Sequential analysis of complement fixing, hemagglutinating and precipitating antibodies to the cell wall, and extracellular culture extract have shown that a significant reduction in smooth surface and fissure caries resulted from immunization with the S mutans vaccines, if antibodies reached an optimum level before caries development started. Protection was not elicited by the culture extract of S mutans or the noncariogenic Streptococcus CHT vaccines. A recently developed bacteriological sampling technique of crevicular fluid, plaque, and saliva showed that caries reduction in immunized animals was associated with a significantly decreased percentage of S mutans in crevicular fluid. Immunochemical studies showed IgG and IgM classes of antibodies in serum and secretory IgA antibodies in saliva, but it appears that reduction in caries was best associated with serum IgG antibodies to the culture extract of S mutans. The humoral and cellular mechanisms involved in the immunologic control of caries are discussed in terms of a central afferent mechanism required for antigen processing and cellular proliferation, and two peripheral effector mechanisms that function in the crevicular and salivary domains. <99> UI - 76168129 AU - Hardie JM AU - Bowden GH TI - Some serological cross-reactions between Streptococcus mutans, S sanguis, and other dental plaque streptococci. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1976 Apr;55 Spec No:C50-8 AB - From the preliminary observations described in this report, the following conclusions may be drawn. When attempting to produce diagnostic antiserums specific for S mutans, S mitior, or S sanguis, care must be taken to eliminate cross-reactions as a result of antibodies against extracellular glucans or dextrans. Other antigenic components, associated with the cell wall, may be common to different species. One soluble protein or polypeptide antigen normally present in S sanguis and S mitior may also be demonstrated in certain strains of S mutans. Antiserums prepared against S sanguis, S mitior, or S mutans should be carefully checked for interspecies cross-reactions before being used for identification purposes. <100> UI - 76168132 AU - Chludzinski AM AU - Germaine GR AU - Schachtele CF TI - Streptoccus mutans dextransucrase: purification, properties, and requirement for primer dextran. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1976 Apr;55 Spec No:C75-86 AB - We attempted to purify dextransucrase from S mutans strain 6715 to investigate its properties and determine if multiple species of the enzyme existed. It was concluded that the properties of this enzyme such as the pH (5.5), temperature (37 C) optimum, and Km for sucrose (3 mM) are very similar to those reported for S sanguis, S bovis, S mutans strain OMZ-176 isozymes, S mutans strain GS-5, and the single dextransucrase purified from S mutans strain HS-6. The IEF enzyme preparation consisted of two enzyme species, possibly differing in their ability to synthesize different dextran linkages. The minor enzyme activity demonstrated a strict primer dependency. Similarly, primer dependency has been reported for dextransucrases from S mutans, S sanguis, and L mesenteroides. S mutans strain 6715 dextransucrase also showed both the insertion and stepwise mechanisms for dextran synthesis. Sucrose was the sole glucose donor, whereas dextran was a specific, highly efficient glucose acceptor. The complex primer kinetics are not fully understood at this time and require further investigation. Without linkage analysis of the products of our enzymes, we can only postulate that each enzyme has a different function in the synthesis of interresidue and interchain alpha1-3 and alpha1-6 bonds. Insoluble dextran synthesis may involve a special enzyme mechanism characteristic of S mutans. This synthesis would require both enzymes, possibly in some aggregated form, with one enzyme synthesizing endogenous primer dextran. This endogeneous primer or some cell wall polysaccharide could stimulate both enzymes to rapidly synthesize heterogeneously linked insoluble dextran. <101> UI - 76153898 AU - Emilson CG AU - Krasse B AU - Westergren G TI - Effect of a fluoride-containing chlorhexidine gel on bacteria in human plaque. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1976 Mar;84(2):56-62 AB - The effect on the plaque flora of a fluoride-containing chlorhexidine gel in mouthpieces was studied in seven subjects. Use of the gel during a 3-month period resulted in a change in the pattern of sensitivity to cholorhexidine in the plaque flora as displayed by determination of the minimal inhibitory amount (MIA) of the drug in agar diffusion assays. Three months after the use of gel was discontinued, the MIA value for plaque bacteria had returned to its original level. The relative proportions of S. mutans and S. sanguis in plaque changed during the chlorhexidine period. Thus S. mutans could not be detected in plaque samples after 3-month use of the gel, and the frequency of S. sanguis was altered. <102> UI - 76129354 AU - Olsson J AU - Krasse B TI - A method for studying adherence of oral streptococci to solid surfaces. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1976 Jan;84(1):20-8 AB - The adherence of different streptococci to test pieces of glass, human enamel and whale dentin carried in the mouth or immersed in saliva or bacterial suspensions was studied by examining the number and frequency of microorganisms which were selectively desorbed by a standardized washing technique. The results obtained from in vivo and in vitro experiments were similar in principle. The proportion of streptococci obtained in the first washing resembled that found in the saliva, but with more vigorous washing the proportion of S. sanguis increased while that of S. salivarius decreased. This illustrates that different microorganisms can attach to solid surfaces with different strengths. The applicability of the method was tested by treating dentin surfaces with fluoride solutions and by incorporating sucrose in the test solution. The fluoride treatment reduced while the sucrose addition increased the number of streptococci which could be removed from the surfaces. <103> UI - 76095627 AU - Fitzgerald RJ TI - Streptococci of the oral cavity other than Streptococcus mutans: an evaluation of some present knowledge. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1976 Jan;55:A177-81 <104> UI - 76095623 AU - Rosan B AU - Lai CH AU - Listgarten MA TI - Streptococcus sanguis: a model in the application in immunochemical analysis for the in situ localization of bacteria in dental plaque. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1976 Jan;55:A124-41 AB - A review of the development of the serology of S sanguis has been presented. This species contains a group-specific antigen designated a, which appears to be a glycerol teichoic acid. It is suggested that this antigen be designated the Lancefield group H antigen. In addition, two major serotypes based on distribution of other surface antigens have been demonstrated. The grouping antiserums for S sanguis have been used to localize these bacteria in ultrastructural sections of intact dental plaque. The organisms appear antigens and seem to form pyramid-shaped microcolonies with the apex at the tooth surface and the base at the external surface of the plaque. The cells at the apex appear to have lost some surface antigens and seem to be older. The age and arrangement of the cells suggest that most plaque forms by cell division rather than by apposition of new cells from the oral cavity. If this is true, it is necessary to alter some current concepts regarding plaque development and possiby consider some different approaches to plaque control. <105> UI - 76046684 AU - Charlton G AU - Schamschula RG AU - Blainey B TI - Relationship between volume and streptococcal population in dental plaque. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1975 Sep-Oct;54(5):1094 <106> UI - 76025371 AU - Fitzgerald RF AU - Adams BO TI - Increased selectivity of Mitis-Salivarius agar containing polymyxin. SO - Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1975 Feb;1(2):239-40 AB - Incorporation of the antibiotic polymixin B sulfate in plates of Mitis-Salivarius medium at a level of 100 U per ml effectively suppressed the growth of gram-negative spreading organisms which occasionally overgrow Mitis-Salivarius plates of oral samples and make them unsuitable for enumeration and differentiation of streptococci. At the indicated level the antibiotic did not affect the growth or typical colonial characteristics of the oral streptococci. <107> UI - 76006201 AU - Dennis DA AU - Gawronski TH AU - Sudo SZ AU - Harris RS AU - Folke LE TI - Variations in microbial and biochemical components of four-day plaque during a four-week controlled diet period. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1975 Jul-Aug;54(4):716-22 AB - Variation in microbial and biochemical components of human four-day plaque was studied in seven subjects who were maintained on a high-sucrose diet during a four-week period. Significant changes in populations of lactobacilli dextranase-producing organisms, Streptococcus mutans, and S sanguis occurred during this period. <108> UI - 76006225 AU - Staat RH AU - Gawronski TH AU - Cressey DE AU - Harris RS AU - Folke LE TI - Effects of dietary sucrose levels on the quantity and microbial composition of human dental plaque. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1975 Jul-Aug;54(4):872-80 AB - The effects of dietary sucrose levels on the microbial composition of 4- and 12-day plaque were investigated in eight dental students. Sucrose-rich diets had no demonstrable effects on total plaque accumulation, whereas total viable microbial density, Streptococcus mutans, and the lactobacilli populations increased. The S sanguis population was unaffected. However, in individual subjects, an inverse relationship between the S sanguis and S mutans population was observed. <109> UI - 75132544 AU - Syed SA AU - Loesche WJ AU - Pape HL Jr AU - grenier E TI - Predominant cultivable flora isolated from human root surface caries plaque. SO - Infection & Immunity 1975 Apr;11(4):727-31 AB - Plaque samples were obtained from tooth surfaces exhibiting typical lesions of root surface caries and were immediately cultured by a continuous anaerobic procedure. The bacterial composition of root caries flora was determined on individual samples. Representative isolates from each specimen were characterized by morphological and physiological criteria. In addition, fluorescent antibody reagents were used to confirm the identification of Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus. The plaque samples could be divided into two groups on the basis of the presence or absence of S. mutans in the plaque. In group I plaques, S. mutans comprised 30 percent of the total cultivable flora. S. sanguis was either not found or was present in very low number. In group II plaques, S. mutans was not detected, and S. sanguis formed 48 percent of the total plaque flora. A. viscosus was the dominant organism in all plaque samples, accounting for 47 percent of the group I isolates and 41 percent of the group II isolates. <110> UI - 75132534 AU - Terleckyj B AU - Shockman GD TI - Amino acid requirements of Streptococcus mutans and other oral streptococci. SO - Infection & Immunity 1975 Apr;11(4):656-64 AB - The amino acid requirements of Streptococcus mutans strains AHT, OMZ-61, FA-1, BHT, GS-5, JC-2, Ingbritt, At6T, OMZ-176, 6715, Streptococcus salivarius HHT, Streptococcus sanguis OMZ-9, and strain 72x46 were determined in a chemically defined medium. When grown anaerobically in the presence of sodium carbonate (or bicarbonate for a few strains), few amino acids were required. All strains tested required cystine (or cystine) as a nutrient. Three strains (S. mutans OMZ-176, FA-1, and BHT) required glutamate (and/or glutamine). A third amino acid (lysine for S. mutans FA-1 and histidine for S. mutans OMZ-176) was required by two of the three strains which required glutamate. The amino acids mentioned above were required for all conditions of incubation (and inoculum) tested. The requirements for several other amino acids were conditional, that is, dependent on the incubation conditions and inoculum used. For example, when carbonate was not added, glutamate was required by S. mutans GS-5. Aerobic incubations, with carbonate or bicarbonate added, resluted in requirements for glutamate and leucine by several strains. With these incubation conditions, one strain required isoleucine (S. mutans FA-1), another valine (S. mutans AHT), and a third tyrosine (72x46). Aerobic incubations in the absence of carbonate or bicarbonate further increased the number of amino acids required by several strains. Furthermore, when stationary-phase cultures replaced exponentially growing cultures as an inoculum, several strains required additional amino acids, presumably for the initiation of growth. <111> UI - 75132533 AU - Terleckyj B AU - Willett NP AU - Shockman GD TI - Growth of several cariogenic strains of oral streptococci in a chemically defined medium. SO - Infection & Immunity 1975 Apr;11(4):649-55 AB - A chemically defined medium in which Streptococcus mutans strains AHT, BHT, GS-5, JC-2, Ingbritt, At6T, At9T, 6715, and OMZ-176 and Streptococcus salivarius strain HHT grew rapidly to high turbidities was formulated. Maximal turbidities of each strain were observed after 8 to 12 h of aerobic growth. The subsequent transfer of exponentially growing cells into fresh medium resulted in growth at the same rate without lag. Growth of these strains occurred with rates at least one-half of those observed in an organic medium, such as Todd-Hewitt broth. S. mutans strains FA-1 and OMZ-61 grew at relatively slow rates in the defined medium, but more rapidly growth to higher turbidities of both strains was obtained when sodium bicarbonate was added to the medium. Streptococcus sanguis strain OMZ-9 and another group H streptococcus (strain 72 times 46) grew rapidly in the defined medium after the addition of sodium carbonate. The presence of carbonate or bicarbonate yielded higher turbidities of all the other strains, and the growth rates of several of the strains tested were also increased. <112> UI - 75114188 AU - Lai CH AU - Listgarten MA AU - Rosan B TI - Immunoelectron microscopic identification and localization of Streptococcus sanguis with peroxidase-labeled antibody: localization of Streptococcus sanguis in intact dental plaque. SO - Infection & Immunity 1975 Jan;11(1):200-10 AB - Streptococcus sanguis has been localized ultrastructurally within intact dental plaque by means of an indirect technique which utilizes horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibody. The technique allows for complete diffusion of the reagents to all portions of the plaque specimens. Control procedures can be carried out on serial sections of plaque with a bacterial composition similar to that of the experimental specimen. The 30-mum-thick sections can be examined in the light microscope to localize areas specifically labeled with peroxidase prior to cutting ultra-thin sections for electron microscopy. This study demonstrated that specific bacteria can be localized within intact dental plaque. The results also indicated that S. sanguis grows in dental plaque as columnar shaped microcolonies perpendicular to the tooth surfaces. Growth appears to be by cell division rather than deposition of new cells at the surfaces. Despite their relatively good structural preservation, the cells in the deeper (older) layers of plaque appear to have lost some of their antigenic activity in comparison to the cells near the surface. <113> UI - 75110728 AU - Loesche WJ AU - Syed SA AU - Murray RJ AU - Mellberg JR TI - Effect of topical acidulated phosphate fluoride on percentage of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis in plaque. II. Pooled occulusal and pooled approximal samples. SO - Caries Research 1975;9(2):139-55 <114> UI - 74267171 AU - Forsum U AU - Holmberg K TI - Identification of Streptococcus sanguis by defined immunofluorescence. SO - Caries Research 1974;8(2):105-12 <115> UI - 74012947 AU - Loesche WJ AU - Murray RJ AU - Mellberg JR TI - The effect of topical acidulated fluoride on percentage of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis in interproximal plaque samples. SO - Caries Research 1973;7(4):283-96 <116> UI - 74012945 AU - Carlsson J AU - Elander B TI - Regulation of dextransucrase formation by Streptococcus sanguis. SO - Caries Research 1973;7(2):89-101 <117> UI - 73227063 AU - Loesche WJ AU - Walenga A AU - Loos P TI - Recovery of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis from a dental explorer after clinical examination of single human teeth. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1973 Apr;18(4):571-5 <118> UI - 73157299 AU - Rosan B TI - Antigens of Streptococcus sanguis. SO - Infection & Immunity 1973 Feb;7(2):205-11 <119> UI - 73050768 AU - Liljemark WF AU - Gibbons RJ TI - Proportional distribution and relative adherence of Streptococcus miteor (mitis) on various surfaces in the human oral cavity. SO - Infection & Immunity 1972 Nov;6(5):852-9 <120> UI - 73030179 AU - Edwardsson S AU - Koch G AU - Obrink M TI - Strep. sanguis, Strep. mutans and Strep. salivarius in saliva. Prevalence and relation to caries increment and prophylactic measures. SO - Odontologisk Revy 1972;23(3):279-96 <121> UI - 72157748 AU - Melvaer KL AU - Helgeland K AU - Rolla G TI - Some physical and chemical properties of 'soluble' and 'insoluble' polysacharides produced by strains of Streptococcus mutans and sanguis. SO - Caries Research 1972;6(1):79 <122> UI - 72157738 AU - De Moor CE AU - De Stoppelaar JD AU - Houte J van TI - The occurrence of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis in the blood of endocarditis patients. SO - Caries Research 1972;6(1):73-4 <123> UI - 73032764 AU - Van Houte J AU - Jordan HV AU - Bellack S TI - Proportions of Streptococcus sanguis, an organism associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis, in human feces and dental plaque. SO - Infection & Immunity 1971 Nov;4(5):658-9 <124> UI - 71155310 AU - Newbrun E TI - Dextransucrase from Streptococcus sanguis further characterization. SO - Caries Research 1971;5(2):124-34 <125> UI - 71079385 AU - Van Houte J AU - Gibbons RJ AU - Banghart SB TI - Adherence as a determinant of the presence of Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus sanguis on the human tooth surface. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1970 Nov;15(11):1025-34 <126> UI - 69225070 AU - Carlsson J AU - Soderholm G AU - Almfeldt I TI - Prevalence of Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans in the mouth of persons wearing full-dentures. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1969 Mar;14(3):243-9 <127> UI - 66072271 AU - Carlsson J TI - Zooglea-forming streptococci, resembling Streptococcus sanguis, isolated from dental plaque in man. SO - Odontologisk Revy 1965;16(4):348-58 <128> UI - 77119481 AU - Slade HD TI - In vitro models for the study of adherence of oral streptococci. pp. 21-38. [Review] [52 refs] SO - In: Bowen WH, et al., ed. Immunologic aspects of dental caries. Washington, Information Retrieval, 1976. WU 270 W926i 1976. ;