Database: EMBASE <: international biomedical and pharmaceutical literature, 1988 - Jun 2000. [Trial access until 3/2001. Feedback welcome to medical.library@umich.edu] Search Strategy (You Saved Citations 1-52 From Set 63): ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Actinomycetaceae/ 41 2 exp Actinomyces/ 693 3 actinomyce:.mp. 2803 4 odontomyces.mp. 0 5 Actinomycetales/ 3 6 or/1-5 2803 7 viscosus.mp. 133 8 naeslundi$.mp. 90 9 or/7-8 191 10 6 and 9 175 11 or/1-4 2803 12 10 or 11 2803 13 actinomycetemcomitans.mp. 508 14 12 not 13 2295 15 exp Tooth demineralization/ 7624 16 demineralization.mp. 889 17 caries.mp. 1810 18 caires.mp. 0 19 craies.mp. 0 20 careis.mp. 1 21 carise.mp. 0 22 (teeth adj3 cavit:).mp. 32 23 (tooth adj3 cavit:).mp. 31 24 (dental adj3 cavit:).mp. 54 25 (dentin adj3 cavit:).mp. 14 26 (enamel adj3 cavit:).mp. 6 27 (teeth adj3 decay:).mp. 59 28 (tooth adj3 decay:).mp. 58 29 (dental adj3 decay:).mp. 47 30 (dentin adj3 decay:).mp. 0 31 (enamel adj3 decay:).mp. 1 32 (active adj decay).mp. 5 33 (rampant adj3 decay:).mp. 4 34 (recurrent adj3 decay:).mp. 3 35 (white adj spot:).mp. 226 36 carious.mp. 110 37 cariology.ti,ab. 2 38 (non-cavitated adj3 lesion:).mp. 0 39 (noncavitated adj3 lesion:).mp. 1 40 Tooth remineralization/ 800 41 (dental adj3 fissure:).mp. 7 42 (tooth adj3 fissure:).mp. 3 43 (teeth adj3 fissure:).mp. 1 44 caries-free.mp. 28 45 cariesfree.mp. 0 46 Cariogenic agents/ 3 47 precavit:.mp. 2 48 (filled adj3 teeth).mp. 46 49 (filled adj3 tooth).mp. 9 50 (oral adj fissure:).mp. 4 51 (tooth adj3 remineraliz:).mp. 1 52 (teeth adj3 remineraliz:).mp. 4 53 dft.mp. 560 54 dfs.mp. 992 55 dmf:.mp. 1254 56 cariogeni:.mp. 166 57 or/15-56 12451 58 Dental plaque/ 818 59 ((tooth or teeth or dent:) adj3 (placque or plaque)).mp. 950 60 or/57-59 12522 61 14 and 60 103 62 limit 61 to english language 99 63 limit 62 to human 52 64 from 63 keep 1-52 52 *************************** <1> UI - 2000201433 AU - Peltroche-Llacsahuanga H AU - Reichhart E AU - Schmitt W AU - Lutticken R AU - Haase G IN - Dr. G. Haase, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, D-52057 Aachen; Germany. E-Mail: ghaase@post.klinikum.rwth-aachen.de. TI - Investigation of infectious organisms causing pericoronitis of the mandibular third molar. SO - Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Vol 58(6) (pp 611-616), 2000. AB - Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the most-frequently encountered pyogenic organisms involved in pericoronitis to permit more targeted antibiotic therapy. Patients and Methods: Pericoronal pockets of mandibular third molars from 37 patients showing symptoms of acute, severe pericoronitis were sampled and subjected to microbiologic analysis, including primary evaluation by phase-contrast microscopy. To avoid overgrowth with faster-growing, less fastidious organisms, specimens were cultured on a wide variety of selective media (supporting growth of fastidious bacteria, protozoa, and fungi). Results: Microscopic examination indicated spirochetes in 55% and fusiform bacteria in 84% of the samples. A total of 441 microorganisms were isolated and identified from the 37 cultured samples. Besides obligate anaerobic bacteria, including various Actinomyces and Prevotella species, a predominantly facultative anaerobic microflora was cultivated, that is, Streptococcus milleri group (78% of samples), Stomatococcus mucilaginosus (71%), and Rothia dentocariosa (57%). Conclusion: It was concluded that the Streptococci milleri group bacteria, well-known for their ability to cause suppurative infections, are most likely involved in the pathogenesis of acute severe pericoronitis of the lower third molar. (C) 2000 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. [References: 22] <2> UI - 2000060255 AU - Hren NI AU - Gubina M AU - Ihan A IN - A. Ihan, Clinic Maxilofacial Oral Surgery, University Clinical Ctr. Ljubljana, Ljubljana; Slovenia. E-Mail: ihan@ibmi.mf.uni-lj.si. TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in periapical granulomas. SO - Anaerobe Vol 5(3-4) (pp 247-249), 1999. <3> UI - 2000060252 AU - Tanner ACR AU - Taubman MA IN - Dr. A.C.R. Tanner, Department of Bioadhesion, The Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115; United States. E-Mail: atanner@forsyth.org. TI - Microbiota of initial periodontitis in adults. SO - Anaerobe Vol 5(3-4) (pp 229-235), 1999. AB - This paper reviews our recent studies of the microbiota and host response of initial periodontitis. Understanding the initial stages of periodontitis will allow appropriate early treatment and prevention strategies. Our studies aimed to determine the major bacterial species that differentiated initial periodontitis from health, and evaluate whether subjects with initial periodontitis differed in serum IgG reactivity to putative initial periodontitis pathogens compared with healthy subjects. Initial periodontitis was characterized clinically using longitudinal periodontial attachment lever measurements. Progressing periodontal loss was detected at interproximal (initial periodontitis), and buccal (progressing recession) locations from the study population of minimally periodontally diseased subjects. Initial periodontitis was characterized microbiologically by elevated proportions of Bacteroides forsythus, Selenomonas noxia and Campylobacter rectus when compared with non-periodontitis sites. The immunological checkerboard assay did not detect differences in serum IgG reactivity among healthy, gingivitis or initial periodontitis subjects, or changes in reactivity coincident with detection of initial peridontitis. Clinical, microbiological and immunological characterization of initial periodontitis was consistent with infection-associated Gram-negative anaerobic periodontal species. Progressing recession sites were colonized by Actinomyces and Streptococcus species, as were healthy sites. Progressing recession sites demonstrated periodontal loss that appeared unrelated to infection and appeared to be consistent with a traumatic tooth brushing etiology. Different types of lesions will require different approaches to therapy and prevention. (C) 1999 Academic Press. [References: 36] <4> UI - 2000060221 AU - Gutierrez de Annan S AU - Ruiz de Valladares R AU - Benito de Cardenas L IN - S. Gutierrez de Annan, Jose Ingenielos 1042, San Miguel de Tucuman 4000; Argentina. E-Mail: sgannan@filo.unt.edu.ar. TI - Congress on Anaerobic Bacteria and Anaerobic Infections, Buenos Aires, 24-26 April 1998: Effect of the conditions of incubation in the recovery of oral Actinomyces. SO - Anaerobe Vol 5(3-4) (pp 101-104), 1999. AB - The Gram-positive Pleomorphic Bacilli (GPPB), especially the genus Actinomyces, are part of the oral microflora and they are generally associated with cement caries. They are also found in inactive sites in periodontal disease and in pulpar infections. The aim of the present work was to find an appropriate isolation culture medium for the recovery of the genus Actinomyces from oral samples, and to propose a minimum schema of biochemical tests for the identification and differentiation of Actinomyces species from other GPPB. Samples of saliva, subgingival plaque and post-extraction acute alveolar osteitis were cultivated in Starch Casein Agar (SCA), Yeast Extract Dextrose Agar (YDA), Columbia Blood Agar 5% (BA), both with cephadroxyl (10 muL/mL) and without antibiotic. The plates were incubated in aerobic conditions, in strict anaerobic conditions and in a candle jar for 5 days at 37 [degree] C. (1) The highest recovery of Actinomyces was obtained in BA without antibiotic in a candle jar for all oral samples. (2) In all the incubated in SCA, YDA and BA with antibiotic, Actinomyces, other GPPB, Gram-positive and -negative cocci and Gram-negative bacilli showed growth in all aerobic conditions. (3) In BA medium with antibiotic the Gram-negative microflora was inhibited, the Actinomyces recovery being lower than in the other media studied. (C) 1999 Academic Press. [References: 8] <5> UI - 1999398148 AU - Dung S-Z IN - S.-Z. Dung, Division of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 112; Taiwan. TI - Effects of mutans streptococci, Actinomyces species and Porphyromonas gingivalis on collagen degradation. SO - Chinese Medical Journal (Taipei) Vol 62(11) (pp 764-774), 1999. AB - Background. While Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces spp are considered to be major pathogenic microorganisms of root caries, their roles in the degradation of organic matrix components of human root dentin need clarification. Methods. Ten laboratory strains and 11 clinical isolates of mutans streptococci and Actinomyces species, and positive bacterial or purified enzyme controls (Porphyromonas gingivalis whole cell lysates, trypsin or clostridial collagenase) were used to establish the degradation of azocollagen (AC), insoluble type I collagen (IC) or human dentin collagen (DC) from dentin powder in two types of experiments investigating collagenolytic activity either during or after bacterial growth. Ultraviolet- irradiated dentin powder and gamma-irradiated IC were used to assess the collagenolytic activity of test strains during bacterial growth. AC, IC and acid-treated dentin powder were used to determine the collagenolytic activity of sonicated bacterial whole cells and cell-free culture supernatants recovered from test strains after growth. Hydroxyproline or spectrophotometric assays were used to analyze the level of degraded collagen. Results. Data from this study showed that in contrast to the positive controls, none of the laboratory strains or clinical isolates elicited significant degradation of AC, IC or DC. Conclusions. Results indicated that mutans streptococci and Actinomyces species had no significant collagenolytic activity, but may be involved in the root caries process through other mechanisms. In addition, proteolytic enzymes from other oral bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis or from host cells such as neutrophils may also participate in the pathogenesis of root caries. [References: 49] <6> UI - 1999248837 AU - Pratten J AU - Wilson M IN - J. Pratten, Department of Microbiology, Eastman Dental Oral Hlth. Care Inst., University College London, 256 Grays Inn Rd., London WC1X 8LD; United Kingdom. E-Mail: jpratten@eastman.ucl.ac.uk. TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility and composition of microcosm dental plaques supplemented with sucrose. SO - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy Vol 43(7) (pp 1595-1599), 1999. AB - The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of repeated chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) pulsing on the viability and bacterial composition of microcosm dental plaques derived from human saliva. The biofilms were grown on bovine enamel discs in a constant-depth film fermentor fed with an artificial saliva which was supplemented thrice daily with sucrose. The microcosm plaques had total viable anaerobic counts of 5 x 108 CFU per mm2 and consisted of 12% Actinomyces spp., 85% streptococci, and 0.2% Veillonella spp. When pulsed twice daily with 0.2% CHG, there was an immediate 1.3-1og10 reduction in the total viable (anaerobic) count. However, as pulsing continued, the viable counts recovered, and after 4 days, the anaerobic count reached its pre-CHG-pulsing level, although the bacterial composition of the biofilms had changed. The results of this study show that twice-daily pulsing with 0.2% CHG over a 4-day period was ineffective at reducing the total anaerobic viable count of the biofilms but did alter their bacterial composition. [References: 25] <7> UI - 1999231908 AU - Hori R AU - Sato M AU - Kohno S AU - Hoshino E IN - E. Hoshino, Department of Oral Microbiology, Niigata University Sch. of Dentistry, Niigata; Japan. E-Mail: hoshino@dent.niigata-u.ac.jp. TI - Tongue microflora in edentulous geriatric denture-wearers. SO - Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease Vol 11(2) (pp 89-95), 1999. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial composition of tongue plaque of healthy edentate geriatric individuals wearing dentures. One male of 67 years-old and four females ranging from 68 to 73 years-old were involved. Plaque was obtained from an area of 10 mm2 on the dorsal surface at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Total numbers of colony-forming units (CFU) were determined and the predominant bacteria were isolated for identification. Significantly more bacteria (p < 0.05) were recovered after anaerobic incubation (mean; 2.0 x 107 CFU/mg) than after aerobic (mean; 1.1 x 107 CFU/mg) or microaerophilic (mean; 1.0 x 107 CFU/mg) incubation. Out of 210 predominant strains isolated, 33% were obligate anaerobes and 66% were facultatively anaerobic. Veillonella (8% of total isolates) and Streptococcus (35% of total isolates) were the most major genera identified among obligate and facultative anaerobes, respectively. Actinomyces strains represented 27% of total isolates. Gram negative anaerobic rods and asaccharolytic Eubacterium were also detected, comprising 14% and 3% of total isolates, respectively. The bacterial composition of the tongue was somewhat similar to that of saliva and denture plaque reported in geriatric edentulous persons, suggesting that tongue plaque in geriatric edentulous persons who wear dentures may function as a major bacterial reservoir. [References: 33] <8> UI - 1999182305 AU - Saini S AU - Mahajan A AU - Sharma JK AU - Arora AU - Saini OP IN - Dr. S. Saini, Department of Microbiology, Postgraduate Inst. of Medical Sci., Rohtak-124001 (Haryana); India. TI - Polymicrobial etiology of dental caries. SO - Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology Vol 42(1) (pp 25-29), 1999. AB - The present study was carried out to establish the normal bacterial oral flora and the aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora from deep seated dental caries, and to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity of the clinical isolates so obtained Streptococcus mutans (48%) and Streptococcus sanguis (20%) were the main aerobic isolates whereas Lactobacillus spp. (52%), Veillonella spp. (24%) and Actinomyces spp. (12%) were the major anaerobic isolates. Hundred percent of the samples from dental caries yielded polymicrobial isolates while in two samples from healthy individuals S. mutans was the sole isolate. As the flora changed from healthy tooth to dental caries it changed from one predominated by anaerobic gram-positive cocci to anaerobic gram-positive bacili. All the anaerobes isolated were sensitive to metronidazole and cefotaxime, whereas all the isolated streptococci were sensitive to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Incorporation of the antibiotics in baseline restoration, if technically feasible, has been advocated. [References: 12] <9> UI - 1999024825 AU - Zeharia A AU - Block C AU - Pitlik S AU - Berant M AU - Rachmel A IN - Dr. A. Zeharia, Day Care Department, Schneider Child. Med. Ctr. of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202; Israel. TI - Rothia dentocariosa Endocarditis: Case report and review of infections caused by this organism. SO - Children's Hospital Quarterly Vol 10(1) (pp 31-34), 1998. AB - A 13-year-old girl with congenital ventricular septal defect developed infective endocarditis following dental treatment. Isolation of the pathogen revealed a non-acid-fast aerobic branching rod which was identified as Rothia dentocariosa. In spite of complications, the infection was treated successfully with penicillin and gentamicin. A member of the family Actinomycetaceae, R. dentocariosa is a common inhabitant of the mouth and throat and rarely causes infection. It has been reported to cause infective endocarditis in 13 patients, sepsis in 2 immunocompromised patients and abscess in 4 other patients. The clinical description, morphological, biochemical and serological characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity of R.dentocariosa in these patients are reviewed. [References: 23] <10> UI - 1999008760 AU - Makinen KK IN - Dr. K.K. Makinen, Internatl. Inst. for Prev. Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku; Finland. TI - Xylitol-based caries prevention: Is there enough evidence for the existence of a specific xylitol effect?. SO - Oral Diseases Vol 4(4) (pp 226-230), 1998. <11> UI - 1998406734 AU - Payne VM AU - Khocht A IN - V.M. Payne, Grantham and District Hospital, Grantham, Lincolnshire; United Kingdom. TI - Re: Periodontal management of gingival overgrowth in the heart transplant patient: A case report (1997;68:1140-1146). SO - Journal of Periodontology Vol 69(11) (pp 1314-1315), 1998. <12> UI - 1998173045 AU - Ma JK-C AU - Hikmat BY AU - Wycoff K AU - Vine ND AU - Chargelegue D AU - Yu L AU - Hein MB AU - Lehner T IN - J.K.-C. Ma, Department of Immunology, United Medical and Dental Schools, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT; United Kingdom. E-Mail: j.ma@umds.ac.uk. TI - Characterization of a recombinant plant monoclonal secretory antibody and preventive immunotherapy in humans. SO - Nature Medicine Vol 4(5) (pp 601-606), 1998. AB - A functional comparison was made between a monoclonal secretory antibody generated in transgenic plants and its parent murine IgG antibody. The affinity constants of both antibodies for a Streptococcus mutans adhesion protein were similar. However the secretory antibody had a higher functional affinity due to its dimeric structure. In the human oral cavity, the secretory antibody survived for up to three days, compared with one day for the IgG antibody. The plant secretory antibody afforded specific protection in humans against oral streptococcal colonization for at least four months. We demonstrate that transgenic plants can be used to produce high affinity, monoclonal secretory antibodies that can prevent specific microbial colonization in humans. These findings could be extended to the immunotherapeutic prevention of other mucosal infections in humans and animals. [References: 20] <13> UI - 1998023658 AU - Rajendram D AU - Gharbia SE AU - Williams JC AU - Collins MD AU - Shah HN IN - Dr. H.N. Shah, Identification Services Unit, National Collection of Type Cultures, PHLS Central, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT; United Kingdom. TI - Molecular approaches to probing the bacterial diversity of the dental root canal system. SO - Reviews in Medical Microbiology Vol 8(SUPPL. 1) (pp S21-S22), 1997. <14> UI - 1997381034 AU - Yeom H-R AU - Park Y-J AU - Lee S-J AU - Rhyu I-C AU - Chung C-P AU - Nisengard RJ IN - Dr. C.-P. Chung, Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 28-2 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Ku, Seoul 110-749; South Korea. TI - Clinical and microbiological effects of minocycline-loaded microcapsules in adult periodontitis. SO - Journal of Periodontology Vol 68(11) (pp 1102-1109), 1997. AB - CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS of subgingival delivery of 10% minocycline-loaded (MC), bioabsorbable microcapsules were examined in 15 adult periodontitis patients. Patients received oral hygiene instruction 2 weeks prior to the study. At baseline (day 0) all teeth received supragingival scaling (SC); 2 quadrants received no further treatment and 1 quadrant received subgingival scaling and root planing (SRP). In the fourth quadrant, the tooth with the deepest probing sites (at least 1 site <= 5 mm) was treated with minocycline microcapsules. The sites were evaluated at baseline and weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6. Clinical indices included bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depths (PD), and attachment loss (AL). Microbiological evaluations included percent morphotypes by phase-contrast microscopy; cultivable anaerobic, aerobic, and black-pigmented Bacteriodes (BPB); and percent Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Eikenella corrodens, and Actinomyces viscosus by indirect immunofluorescence. In the SC=MC group, BOP, PD, and AL were significantly reduced from baseline for weeks 1 to 6. BOP in the SC+MC group was significantly reduced compared to the SRP group rom weeks 2 to 6. In the SC + MC group the percent of spirochetes and motile rods decreased and the percent of cocci increased after 1 week. The increased cocci and decreased motile rods were statistically greater at weeks 4 and 6 in the SC + MC group compared to the SRP group. This study demonstrates that local subgingival delivery of 10% minocycline-loaded microcapsules as an adjunct to scaling results in reduction in the present sites bleeding on probing greater than scaling and root planning alone and induces a microbial response more favorable for periodontal health than scaling and root planing. [References: 36] <15> UI - 1997381034 AU - Yeom H-R AU - Park Y-J AU - Lee S-J AU - Rhyu I-C AU - Chung C-P AU - Nisengard RJ IN - Dr. C.-P. Chung, Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 28-2 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Ku, Seoul 110-749; South Korea. TI - Clinical and microbiological effects of minocycline-loaded microcapsules in adult periodontitis. SO - Journal of Periodontology Vol 68(11) (pp 1102-1109), 1997. AB - CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS of subgingival delivery of 10% minocycline-loaded (MC), bioabsorbable microcapsules were examined in 15 adult periodontitis patients. Patients received oral hygiene instruction 2 weeks prior to the study. At baseline (day 0) all teeth received supragingival scaling (SC); 2 quadrants received no further treatment and 1 quadrant received subgingival scaling and root planing (SRP). In the fourth quadrant, the tooth with the deepest probing sites (at least 1 site <= 5 mm) was treated with minocycline microcapsules. The sites were evaluated at baseline and weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6. Clinical indices included bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depths (PD), and attachment loss (AL). Microbiological evaluations included percent morphotypes by phase-contrast microscopy; cultivable anaerobic, aerobic, and black-pigmented Bacteriodes (BPB); and percent Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Eikenella corrodens, and Actinomyces viscosus by indirect immunofluorescence. In the SC=MC group, BOP, PD, and AL were significantly reduced from baseline for weeks 1 to 6. BOP in the SC+MC group was significantly reduced compared to the SRP group rom weeks 2 to 6. In the SC + MC group the percent of spirochetes and motile rods decreased and the percent of cocci increased after 1 week. The increased cocci and decreased motile rods were statistically greater at weeks 4 and 6 in the SC + MC group compared to the SRP group. This study demonstrates that local subgingival delivery of 10% minocycline-loaded microcapsules as an adjunct to scaling results in reduction in the present sites bleeding on probing greater than scaling and root planning alone and induces a microbial response more favorable for periodontal health than scaling and root planing. [References: 36] <16> UI - 1997303884 AU - Kamma JJ AU - Nakou M IN - J.J. Kamma, 6-8 Freattidos st, GR-185 37 Piraeus; Greece. TI - Subgingival microflora in smokers with early onset periodontitis. SO - Anaerobe Vol 3(2-3) (pp 153-157), 1997. AB - Cigarette smoking is a potent risk factor which has recently been associated with periodontal disease progression. The objective of this study was to detect the microbial profile of early onset periodontitis in smokers and compare it to that of non-smokers. The study population consisted of 50 systemically healthy individuals aged 25 to 38 years, exhibiting early onset periodontitis. 25 patients were smokers (> 20 cigarettes/day) and 25 nonsmokers. Two pooled bacterial samples comprised of four periodontal sites with probing depth > 5 mm each, were collected from each individual. The samples were cultured aerobically and anaerobically for bacterial isolation using selectiveand non-selective media. Isolates were characterized to species level by conventional biochemical tests and various identification kits. The differences in bacterial counts using the Mann Whitney U test were statistically significant for Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter concisus, Eikenella corrodens Escherichia coli, Bacteroides forsyrhus, Bacteroides gracilis, Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Selenomonas sputigena and Candida albicans in smokers. Statistically significant differences for Peptostreptococcus micros, Actinomyces naeslundii, Eubacterium lentum and Capnocytophaga gingivalis were detected in non-smokers. The isolation of bacteria belonging to the exogenous flora like E. coli, C. albicans and S. aureus in smokers microflora underscores the importance of the host which is adversely affected by cigarette smoking. [References: 33] <17> UI - 1997282749 AU - Williams JC AU - Gharbia SE AU - Gulabivala K AU - Rajendram D AU - Mehta N AU - Huttson R AU - Collins MD AU - Shah HN IN - Dr. J.C. Williams, Department of Microbiology, Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD; United Kingdom. TI - Noncultivable microbial communities in dentine and cementum: A molecular analytical approach. SO - Clinical Infectious Diseases Vol 25(SUPPL. 2) (pp S233-S234), 1997. <18> UI - 1997282748 AU - Maiden MFJ AU - Macuch PJ AU - Murray L AU - Tanner A IN - Dr. M.F.J. Maiden, Dept. of Periodontal Microbiology, Forsyth Dental Center, 140 Fenway, Boston, MA 02115; United States. TI - 'Checkerboard' DNA-probe analysis and anaerobic culture of initial periodontal lesions. SO - Clinical Infectious Diseases Vol 25(SUPPL. 2) (pp S230-S232), 1997. <19> UI - 1997171435 AU - Thurnheer T AU - Guggenheim B AU - Gmur R IN - R. Gmur, Oral Microbiol./Gen. Immunol. Inst., University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8028 Zurich; Switzerland. E-Mail: gmuer@zzmk.unizh.ch. TI - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies for rapid identification of Actinomyces naeslundii in clinical samples. SO - FEMS Microbiology Letters Vol 150(2) (pp 255-262), 1997. AB - The purpose of this study was to generate highly specific serological reagents for the quantitative identification of Actinomyces naeslundii in clinical samples, in particular dental plaque. Balb/c mice were immunized with pasteurized human A. naeslundii strains representing different genospecies and serotypes. Ten hybrid cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies reactive with A. naeslundii were isolated and characterized. Antibody specifity was determined by indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay using strains from 59 species and by immunofluorescence analyses of supragingival plaque from 10 gingivitis patients. Nine monoclonal antibodies reacted selectivity with A. naeslundii, whereas one additionally bound to Actinomyces israelli. They recognized at least nine different epitopes with characteristics expression patterns among the test strains. Six clusters of antigenically unique or closely related strains could be distinguished. Cluster 1, 4, and 5 represented by 12, 18, and 5 strains, respectively comprised over 80% of the A. naeslundii tested. All reference strains for genospecies 1 grouped with cluster 1. Strains associated with genospecies 2 fell into clusters 4 and 5. Tests with mutant strains indicated that three monoclonal antibodies recognized type 2 and one type 1 fimbriae of genospecies 2. Only four isolates grouped with clusters 2 and 3 characterized by the expression of cluster-specific antigens. Interestingly, cluster 2 and 3 bacteria were markedly more abundant in vivo than indicated by their sparse representation in our strain collection. Overall, all but one of the new monoclonal antibodies should prove of value for the serological classification and rapid quantitative determination of A. naeslundii in clinical samples. [References: 16] <20> UI - 1997151556 AU - Yeung MK AU - Kozelsky CS IN - M.K. Yeung, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78284-7888; United States. E-Mail: yeung@uthscsa.edu. TI - Transfection of Actinomyces spp. by Genomic DNA of bacteriophages from human dental plaque. SO - Plasmid Vol 37(2) (pp 141-153), 1997. AB - Bacteriophages that produced turbid or clear zones of lysis n strains of Actinomyces were isolated from 22 of 124 samples of fresh human dental plaque. All human and nonhuman strains of Actinomyces viscosus or Actinomyces odontolyticus, Actinomyces israelii, or Actinomyces bovis strains tested were susceptible. Results of restriction endonuclease analyses indicated that the genomes of these phages consisted of double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size between 16 and 60 kbp. Sequence homology under hybridization conditions of high stringency was observed among a few of the isolated phages. A lyzogenized isolate A. viscosus MG-1 was obtained following infection with a temperate phage, designated phi225. Results of Southern blot analyses indicated that phi225 replicated as a plasmid in the lysogenized strain. Genomic DNA from several lytic phages was used to establish conditions for transfection by electroporation of strains of Actinomyces spp. Efficiencies of DNA transfer ranged from 102 to 105 plaque-forming units per microgram of DNA were obtained under optimal transfection conditions. The results of these studies demonstrate that transfer of genetic information in Actinomyces spp. can be achieved by transfection. [References: 41] <21> UI - 1996360856 AU - Adetunji OF AU - Akinshipe BO AU - Ogunbodede EO AU - Ijaware CO IN - Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University,Ile-Ife; Nigeria. TI - Bacteriological studies of dental caries in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. SO - Central African Journal of Medicine Vol 42(8) (pp 249-252), 1996. AB - To determine the relationship between bacterial colonization of tooth surfaces and dental caries, selective agar media - MM10 Sucrose, Rogosa SL and Blood agar were used to isolate bacteria from the scrappings of 60 tooth surfaces of 30 children and young adults. Mean age +/- SD was 13,3 +/- 4,1 (range seven to 19 years). Streptococcus mutans was isolated from 36 surfaces representing 60 pc Lactobacillus species from 38 surfaces (68 pc), and Actinomyces species from 12 surfaces (20 pc). The individual prevalences of these organisms decreases with age. The distribution of bacteria according to surfaces examined showed that the pits and fissures were the main habitat of Streptococcus mutants and Lactobacilli were sensitive to erythromycin. Actinomycin species were 100 pc sensitive to Penicillin. All the bacteria species isolated were also found to be 100 pc sensitive to Olfoxacin (Tarivid). It is suggested that the use of antibiotics may stop the growth of cariogenic bacteria in individuals and thereby contribute to a decline in the incidence and prevalence of dental caries in the community. <22> UI - 1996053076 AU - Bloomquist CG AU - Reilly BE AU - Liljemark WF IN - Department of Diagnostic, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota,Minneapolis, MN 55455; United States. TI - Adherence, accumulation, and cell division of a natural adherent bacterial population. SO - Journal of Bacteriology Vol 178(4) (pp 1172-1177), 1996. AB - Developing denial bacterial plaques formed in vivo on enamel surfaces were examined in specimens from 18 adult volunteers during the first day of plaque formation. An intraoral model placing enamel pieces onto teeth was used to study bacterial plaque populations developing naturally to various cell densities per square millimeter of surface area of the enamel (W. F. Liljemark, C. G. Bloomquist, C. L. Bandt, B. L. Philstrom, J. E. Hinrichs, and L. F. Wolff, Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 8:5-15, 1993). Radiolabeled nucleoside incorporation was used to measure DNA synthesis concurrent with the taking of standard viable cell counts of the plaque samples. Results showed that in vivo plaque formation began with the rapid adherence of bacteria until ca. 12 to 32% of the enamel's salivary pellicle was saturated (ca. 2.5 x 105 to 6.3 x 105 cells per mm2). The pioneer adherent species were predominantly those of the 'sanguis streptococci.' At the above-noted density, the bacteria present on the salivary pellicle incorporated low levels of radiolabeled nucleoside per viable cell. As bacterial numbers reached densities between 8.0 x 105 and 2.0 x 106 cells per mm2, there was a small increase in the incorporation of radiolabeled nucleosides per cell. At 2.5 x 106 to 4.0 x 106 cells per mm2 of enamel surface, there was a marked increase in the incorporation of radiolabeled nucleosides per cell which appeared to be cell-density dependent. The predominant species group in developing denial plaque films during density-dependent growth was the sanguis streptococci; however, most other species present showed similar patterns of increased DNA synthesis as the density noted above approached 2.5 x 106 to 4.0 x 106 cells per mm2. <23> UI - 1995215766 AU - Steele FR TI - ASM meeting: Looking for bugs in all the odd places. SO - Nature Medicine Vol 1(7) (pp 611), 1995. <24> UI - 1995155496 AU - Wilson M AU - Burns T AU - Pratten J AU - Pearson GJ IN - Department of Microbiology, Eastman Dent Inst Oral Hlth Care Sci, University of London, 256 Grays Inn Road,London WC1X 8LD; United Kingdom. TI - Bacteria in supragingival plaque samples can be killed by low-power laser light in the presence of a photosensitizer. SO - Journal of Applied Bacteriology Vol 78(5) (pp 569-574), 1995. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether bacteria in supragingival plaque samples could be killed by low-power laser light in the presence of a suitable photosensitizer. Plaque samples were obtained from 10 volunteers, treated with either toluidine blue O (TBO) or aluminium disulphonated phthalocyanine (AIPcS2), and then exposed to light from a helium/eon (HeNe) or gallium aluminium arsenide (GaAs) laser respectively. Following irradiation, substantial reductions were achieved in the total anaerobic count as well as in the number of viable streptococci and actinomyces present in the samples. In the absence of laser light, the sensitizers themselves had little effect on the viability of the bacteria in the plaque samples. The HeNe/TBO combination appeared to be more effective than the GaAs/AlPcS2 combination, achieving log10 reductions of 2.95, 5.40 and 3.34 in the total anaerobic count, streptococci and actinomyces respectively with a light energy dose of 1.31 J. If effective in vivo, lethal photosensitization may be useful as a means of eliminating plaque bacteria from a carious lesion prior to its restoration. <25> UI - 1995061076 AU - Lacroix J-M AU - Walker CB IN - Ct. Infection/Biomaterials Research, Toronto Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street,Toronto, Ont. M5G 2C4; Canada. TI - Detection and incidence of the tetracycline resistance determinant tet(M) in the microflora associated with adult periodontitis. SO - Journal of Periodontology Vol 66(2) (pp 102-108), 1995. AB - Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 68 patients with adult periodontitis, enumerated on Trypticase-soy blood agar plates, with and without tetracycline at 4 mug/ml, and incubated anaerobically for 5 days. Each different colony morphotype was enumerated, and a representative colony was subcultured for identification and examined for the tetracycline resistance gene tet(M). Both PCR amplification and DNA hybridization, using a fragment of tet(M) from Tn1545, were used to detect tet(M). The PCR primers (5'-GACACGCCAGGACATATGG-3' and 5'-TGCTTTCCTCTTGTTCGAG-3') were chosen to amplify a 397 bp region of tet(M). Tetracycline-resistant bacteria represented approximately 12% of the total viable count. The percentage of tet(M)-positive bacteria in the tetracycline resistant microflora varied from <=0.05 to 83% (mean of 10%). tet(M) was detected in 60% of 204 tetracycline-resistant strains subcultured and identified. The tet(M) containing strains consisted of streptococci (55%, mainly S. intermedius, S. oralis, S. sanguis, and Streptococcus SM4), Actinomyces D01 (14%), Bifidobacterium D05 (11%), and Veillonella spp. (10%). Tetracycline-resistant strains in which tet(M) was not detected included the Prevotella and Bacteroides species (41%, mainly Bacteroides D28, P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, and P. oris). These results suggest that tet(M) is widely spread in the adult periodontal microflora, but it appears, with the exception of S. intermedius, to be mainly associated with microorganisms not considered to be periodontopathogens. Assessment of other tetracycline-resistant genes in oral organisms is needed to fully evaluate the nature of resistance to this antibiotic in the oral flora. <26> UI - 1995052709 AU - Scannapieco FA IN - Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York,Buffalo, NY 14214; United States. TI - Saliva-bacterium interactions in oral microbial ecology. SO - Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine Vol 5(3-4) (pp 203-248), 1994. AB - Saliva is thought to have a significant impact on the colonization of microorganisms in the oral cavity. Salivary components may participate in this process by one of four general mechanisms: binding to microorganisms to facilitate their clearance from the oral cavity, serving as receptors in oral pellicles for microbial adhesion to host surfaces, inhibiting microbial growth or mediating microbial killing, and serving as microbial nutritional substrates. This article reviews information pertinent to the molecular interaction of salivary components with bacteria (primarily the oral streptococci and Actinomyces) and explores the implications of these interactions for oral bacterial colonization and dental plaque formation. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms controlling bacterial colonization of the oral cavity may suggest methods to prevent not only dental plaque formation but also serious medical infections that may follow microbial colonization of the oral cavity. <27> UI - 1994357419 AU - Wright Jr JR AU - Stinson D AU - Wade A AU - Haldane D AU - Heifetz SA IN - Department of Pathology, IWK Children's Hospital, 6850 University Ave.,Halifax, NS B3J 3G9; Canada. TI - Necrotizing funisitis associated with Actinomyces meyeri infection: A case report. SO - Pediatric Pathology Vol 14(6) (pp 927-934), 1994. AB - Necrotizing funisitis is associated with an increased rate of stillbirth, perinatal infection, and preterm delivery. No one organism has been associated with necrotizing funisitis, although this condition has been linked with congenital syphilis in some studies. We report a case of necrotizing funisitis in a 24-year-old G2P0A2 woman who experienced preterm labor at 31 weeks of gestation. Examination of the placenta revealed severe chorioamnionitis and necrotizing funisitis, large numbers of gram-positive filamentous branching organisms could be seen on the surface of the cord and within Wharton jelly. Initial cultures of the placenta, which had not been maintained under anaerobic conditions after delivery, were negative. A fragment of the cord was then homogenized; anaerobic culture on brain-heart infusion agar yielded Actinomyces meyeri. This organism usually resides in the periodontal sulcus and has not been previously reported in the female genital tract. The mother gave a history of a dental abscess that flared up and drained with each of her three pregnancies; the pain was particularly severe during the last 2 months of this pregnancy, so she had the tooth removed after delivery. The infant was treated for prematurity and presumed sepsis and did well. <28> UI - 1994213571 AU - Shiloah J AU - Patters MR IN - Department of Periodontology, University of Tennessee, College of Dentistry, 875 Union Avenue,Memphis, TN 38163; United States. TI - DNA probe analyses of the survival of selected periodontal pathogens following scaling, root planing, and intra-pocket irrigation. SO - Journal of Periodontology Vol 65(6) (pp 568-575), 1994. AB - This clinical study evaluated the survival rates of Actinobacillus actinomycetem comitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia in periodontal pockets following scaling and root planing and intra-pocket irrigation with antimicrobial agents in patients with moderate and severe periodontitis. The number of target organisms was determined utilizing DNA probes. Adult periodontitis patients were selected on the basis that the subgingival flora contained at least one of the target organisms. Forty-eight (48) inflamed pockets >=5 mm in depth with probing attachment loss and containing at least one of the target species were then selected in 7 adult patients who harbored these bacteria. Following baseline clinical and bacterial examination, all patients received thorough scaling and root planing. In addition, 1 or 2 teeth in each patient which harbored the target flora at baseline were randomly assigned to each of the following 4 treatment modalities: 1) control group, no irrigation; 2) saline group, irrigation with 2 cc of physiologic saline; 3) tetracycline group, irrigation with 2 cc of aqueous tetracycline hydrochloride, 50 mg/ml (5%); and 4) chlorhexidine group, irrigation with 2 cc 0.12% chlorhexidine. All selected sites (5 to 8 per patient) were nonadjacent teeth. Clinical parameters and microbial analysis were recorded again at one week, and one month postirrigation. The survival rate of the target microorganisms was determined and the effect of irrigation with antimicrobial agents on this microflora was compared with the control groups (1 and 2). This investigation, although conducted on a small group of patients, indicated that: 1) thorough scaling and root planing was very effective in reducing the target bacteria below the detectable level (< 6,000 cells/site) at the majority of sites and 2) the addition of antimicrobial irrigation did not significantly augment the results obtained from scaling and root planing alone. These results suggest that the effects of short term single professional subgingival irrigation with antimicrobial agents does not result in major adjunctive benefits in reduction of subgingival pathogens beyond that achieved by thorough scaling and root planing. Repeat applications or slow release of topical antimicrobials, may be necessary to achieve adjunctive antimicrobial effects. Furthermore studies with larger groups of subjects may be necessary to show differences between scaling and root planing and adjunctive professional subgingival irrigation. <29> UI - 1993207507 AU - Levine MJ IN - Oral Biol./Dental Res. Inst. Dept., School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York,Buffalo, NY 14214; United States. TI - Development of artificial salivas. SO - Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine Vol 4(3-4) (pp 279-286), 1993. <30> UI - 1993175244 AU - Burns T AU - Wilson M AU - Pearson GJ IN - Department of Microbiology, Institute of Dental Surgery, 256 Grays Inn Road,London WC1X 8LD; United Kingdom. TI - Sensitisation of cariogenic bacteria to killing by light from a helium-neon laser. SO - Journal of Medical Microbiology Vol 38(6) (pp 401-405), 1993. AB - Suspensions of the cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, Lactobacillus casei and Actinomyces viscosus were exposed to light from a 7.3-mW helium-neon laser in the presence of toluidine blue O. A substantial killing rate (c. 106 cfu) of all four species was achieved with a dye concentration of 50 mug/ml and a light energy dose of 33.6 J/cm2. This was achieved in 60 s, an exposure time that is clinically acceptable. Exposure to laser light in the absence of the dye did not significantly affect the viability of any of the organisms. This approach may be useful in dentistry to sterilise a carious lesion prior to its repair. <31> UI - 1993125782 AU - Tempro PJ AU - Nalbandian J IN - Department of Periodontology, Univ. of Connecticut Health Center,Farmington, CT 06030; United States. TI - Colonization of retrieved polytetrafluoroethylene membranes: Morphological and microbiological observations. SO - Journal of Periodontology Vol 64(3) (pp 162-168), 1993. <32> UI - 1992368730 AU - Becker DG AU - McKinney CD AU - Huhn JF AU - Reibel JF TI - Pathologic quiz case 2. SO - Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head & Neck Surgery Vol 118(12) (pp 1356+1359), 1992. <33> UI - 1992293042 AU - Komiyama K AU - Khandelwal RL IN - Dept. of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan,Saskatoon, Sask. S7N 0W0; Canada. TI - Acid production of Actinomyces viscosus of root surface caries and non-caries origin during glycogen synthesis and degradation at different pH levels. SO - Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine Vol 21(8) (pp 343-347), 1992. AB - Actinomyces viscosus strains, freshly isolated from root surface caries lesions and intact root surfaces, were studied for their glycogen synthetic and degradative activities at pH 4.5, 5.0, and 7.0 in a pH-stat. At all three pH levels, root caries origin of A. viscosus synthesized up to three times as much glycogen compared to non-root caries origin. Since root caries origin of A. viscosus strains initially synthesized large amounts of glycogen, a longer period of time was required to deplete this polymer, resulting in an extended period of acid production, even at pH 4.5 and pH 5.0. This study suggests that the ability of A. viscosus of root caries origin to synthesize large quantities of glycogen and subsequently degrade this stored polymer slowly with acid production, at acidic pH levels, may play an important role in the root caries process. <34> UI - 1992093919 AU - Okuda K AU - Wolff L AU - Oliver R AU - Osborn J AU - Stoltenberg J AU - Bereuter J AU - Anderson L AU - Foster P AU - Hardie N AU - Aeppli D AU - Hara K IN - Department of Periodontology, Niigata University, School of Dentistry, Niigata; Japan. TI - Minocycline slow-release formulation effect on subgingival bacteria. SO - Journal of Periodontology Vol 63(2) (pp 73-79), 1992. <35> UI - 1992022052 AU - Levine M AU - Miller FC IN - Dept Biochem/Molecul Biology, Univ of OK Health Sciences Ctr, P.O. Box 26901,Oklahoma City, OK 73190; United States. TI - Use of monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing effects on toxic antigens from human bacterial plaque to detect specific bacteria by colony blotting. SO - Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol 29(12) (pp 2809-2816), 1991. AB - Inflammatory periodontal diseases are provoked by bacteria which adhere to teeth at the gingival margin and form plaques containing toxins detectable by their effect on mammalian cells in culture. The aim of this study was to make toxin-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and determine whether they detect antigen in specific oral bacteria. Bacterial plaque was collected from teeth and homogenized, and the fluid phase (plaque extract) was boiled or first fractionated over Sephacryl S-300. Hybridomas from immunized mice secreted immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies which reacted to plaque antigens. Neutralization was detected by an increase in the growth of HL60 cells which were exposed to plaque toxins in the presence of IgM from hybridoma culture or ascitic fluids. However, the neutralization was obvious only when the plaque toxins reduced growth by 50% or less. Plaque toxin preparations were found to contain proteases which hydrolyzed all of the IgM in ascitic fluids within 24 h. Replenishing the IgM daily preserved protection compared with protection from IgM from other hybridomas or saline only. The decrease in the specific activity of plaque proteins caused by replenishing one such antibody (3hE5) was 2.5-fold compared with activity with unreplenished 3hE5, 3.8-fold compared with activity with saline only, and 10.7-fold compared with activity with replenished, unrelated antibody. The neutralizing IgM detected an array of 14,000- to 22,000-molecular-weight antigens. The native toxins may be aggregates of these antigens, or the array may indicate fragments of an undetected, larger antigen or a common, nonpeptide adduct. Only 0.5 to 0.8% of the bacteria from sites with periodontitis and grown on blood agar contained antigen. One group of reactive bacteria was identified as Actinomyces odontolyticus serotype I. Other isolates were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis, but antigen disappeared from these isolates within 6 weeks of subculture. Epitope-containing antigens were also found in streptococcal and Eikenella isolates, and it is likely that the antigens from only some of these bacteria are toxic. <36> UI - 1991301741 AU - Lamont RJ AU - Demuth DR AU - Davis CA AU - Malamud D AU - Rosan B IN - Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Washington,Seattle, WA 98195; United States. TI - Salivary-agglutinin-mediated adherence of Streptococcus mutans to early plaque bacteria. SO - Infection & Immunity Vol 59(10) (pp 3446-3450), 1991. AB - Interspecies binding is important in the colonization of the oral cavity by bacteria. Streptococcus mutans can adhere to other plaque bacteria, such as Streptococcus sanguis and Actinomyces viscosus, and this adherence is enhanced by saliva. The salivary and bacterial molecules that mediate this interaction were investigated. Salivary agglutinin, a mucinlike glycoprotein known to mediate the aggregation of many oral streptococci in vitro, was found to mediate the adherence of S. mutans to S. sanguis or A. viscosus. Adherence of S. mutans to saliva- or agglutinin-coated S. sanguis and A. viscosus was inhibited by antibodies to the bacterial agglutinin receptor. Expression of the S. sanguis receptor (SSP-5) gene in Enterococcus faecalis increased adhesion of this organism to saliva- or agglutinin-coated S. sanguis and A. viscosus. This interaction could be inhibited by antibodies to the agglutinin receptor. The results suggest that salivary agglutinin can promote adherence of S. mutans to S. sanguis and A. viscosus through interactions with the agglutinin receptor on S. mutans. <37> UI - 1991212635 AU - Percival RS AU - Challacombe SJ AU - Marsh PD IN - Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, UMDS, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT; United Kingdom. TI - Age-related microbiological changes in the salivary and plaque microflora of healthy adults. SO - Journal of Medical Microbiology Vol 35(1) (pp 5-11), 1991. AB - The effect of age on quantitative or qualitative differences in selected bacteria of dental significance and on the carriage of opportunistic pathogens and transient oral species was determined in 79 healthy, non-denture wearing individuals divided into four age groups: 20-39 years (group A), 40-59 years (group B), 60-79 years (group C) and >= 80 years (group D). Samples of dental plaque and whole saliva were cultured on appropriate selective and non-selective bacteriological media. The total numbers of viable bacteria in saliva, and the prevalence of mutans streptococci in plaque and saliva were similar in all age groups. Similarly, there was no correlation between the numbers of spirochaetes in plaque and age. In contrast, statistically significantly higher mean proportions (p = 0.004), mean log10 viable counts (p = 0.001) and isolation frequencies (p < 0.01) of lactobacilli were found in the saliva of those aged >= 70 years compared to subjects in group A. The isolation frequency (p < 0.05) and proportions (p = 0.056) of staphylococci in saliva were also higher in those aged >= 70 years. Yeasts were isolated most often and in higher numbers from saliva in those aged >= 80 years and the proportion of yeasts was higher after 60 years of age, but these differences were not significant in comparison with results from individuals in group A. Actinomyces spp. were commonly isolated from plaque, but there was a change, with age, in the ratio of the proportions of A. viscosus and A. naeslundii so that A. viscosus predominated in elderly subjects (groups C and D). The results suggest that genuine age-related changes in the oral microflora can be detected, particularly after the age of 70 years, which are not related to denture-wearing or disease. <38> UI - 1991092190 AU - Schaeken MJM AU - Keltjens HMAM AU - Van Der Hoeven JS IN - Institute of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen; Netherlands. TI - Effects of fluoride and chlorhexidine on the microflora of dental root surfaces and progression of root-surface caries. SO - Journal of Dental Research Vol 70(2) (pp 150-153), 1991. <39> UI - 1991086884 AU - Edmunds DH IN - Dept. of Conservative Dent., Dental School, Univ. of Wales Coll. of Med., Heath Park,Cardiff, CF4 4XY; United Kingdom. TI - Actinomyces organisms associated with a tooth intentionally reimplanted two years previously: A case report. SO - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology Vol 71(1) (pp 100-102), 1991. AB - A case is reported in which Actinomyces organisms were found in a specimen removed surgically from the distal aspect of the root of a lower premolar tooth that had been intentionally reimplanted 2 years previously. <40> UI - 1991075232 AU - Fife TD AU - Finegold SM AU - Grennan T IN - Reed Neurological Research Ctr, 710 Westwood Plaza,Los Angeles, CA 90024; United States. TI - Pericardial actinomycosis: Case report and review. SO - Reviews of Infectious Diseases Vol 13(1) (pp 120-126), 1991. AB - Pericardial actinomycosis is rare and frequently goes unrecognized during life, a circumstance due in part to a paucity of clinical manifestations and to a low rate of positivity in cultures. We present a case report of pericardial actinomycosis and a review of 18 other cases reported in the literature since 1950. Possible risk factors include aspiration pneumonia, alcohol abuse, and periodontal disease. Actinomyces may cause purulent pericarditis that evolves into cardiac tamponade or constrictive pericarditis. Clues to the identity of the causative organism (e.g., draining sinus tracts and the presence of sulfur granules) are frequently absent, and cultures often fail to yield the organism. Histologic examination of material obtained by biopsy is often necessary to make the diagnosis. Most cases originate from a thoracopulmonary site of actinomycosis and spread directly to the pericardium. Widespread dissemination to extrathoracic organs is uncommon. Treatment consists of high-dose, long-term antimicrobial therapy as well as drainage of the pericardial space. <41> UI - 1990376393 AU - Gusberti FA AU - Mombelli A AU - Lang NP AU - Minder Ch E IN - University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Freiburgstrasse 7,CH-3010 Bern; Switzerland. TI - Changes in subgingival microbiota during puberty. A 4-year longitudinal study. SO - Journal of Clinical Periodontology Vol 17(10) (pp 685-692), 1990. AB - It was the purpose of the present investigation to monitor the composition of the subgingival microbiota at selected sites in individuals passing through puberty and to correlate observed changes with the development of pubertal maturation. Between the ages of 11 and 24 years, pubertal and skeletal maturation was monitored annually in 22 boys and 20 girls. During this time, subgingival microbial samples were taken every 4th to 5th month (10 times in 4 years) mesially of the upper first molars. High values in total bacterial counts were reached after the onset of puberty, followed by a decrease towards the end of the observation period. The frequency of detection of Actinomyces odontolyticus and of Capnocytophaga sp. increased with time. The frequencies of other selected species, specifically of black pigmenting Bacteroides sp. were not found to increase when tested by linear and quadratic models of time trend. However, a statistically significant rise in the frequency of detecting B. intermedius and B. melaninogenicus was noted in the initial pubertal phase identified by the onset of testicular growth in boys (p = 0.05). A significant relationship also existed between testes growth and increase of A. odontolyticus (p < 0.01). In girls, a similar increase was obtained for A. odontolyticus when studied in relation to the Tanner scores for breast development (p < 0.01). The changes observed in the subgingival microbiota during puberty may be related to the development of gingivitis, which was demonstrated by a higher tendency for gingival bleeding during the course of the pubertal maturation process. <42> UI - 1990299487 AU - Brownstein CN AU - Briggs SD AU - Schweitzer KL AU - Briner WW AU - Kornman KS IN - Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78284; United States. TI - Irrigation with chlorhexidine to resolve naturally occurring gingivitis. A methodologic study. SO - Journal of Clinical Periodontology Vol 17(8) (pp 588-593), 1990. AB - This study compared oral irrigation and rinsing with chlorhexidine (CHX) and placebo in the treatment of naturally occurring chronic gingivitis. 44 subjects with at least 6 interproximal sites which bled on probing were randomly distributed on a double-blind basis into 4 treatment groups, placebo-rinse, CHX-rinse (0.12%), placebo-irrigation and CHX-irrigation (0.06%). A half-mouth was scaled 2 weeks prior to therapy in all groups. Rinses were performed 2 times daily and irrigation was performed once a day by means of an oral irrigator with the tip directed at a right angle to the tooth. Subjects continued with routine oral hygiene without instruction. The active treatment period was 2 months. Parameters were recorded at baseline and at 60 days. At the conclusion, marginal plaque was cultured for predominant microbial types. CHX-rinse (0.12%) and CHX-irrigation (0.06%) significantly reduced (p<0.05) plaque. Gingival bleeding decreased by 26% in both scaled and unscaled sites following CHX (0.12%) rinses and by 40% at both types of sites following CHX (0.06%) irrigation. Bleeding was reduced with CHX-irrigation greater (p<0.05) than with the placebo-irrigation. The mean log of colony-forming units of Actinomyces species was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the CHX (0.12%) rinse and CHX (0.06%) irrigator groups than in the placebo groups. These data therefore indicate that delivery of CHX (0.06%) by an oral irrigator is an effective means of treating naturally occurring gingivitis. <43> UI - 1990299484 AU - Jones CL AU - Saxton CA AU - Ritchie JA IN - Unilever Research, Gibb's Dental Division, Port Sunlight Laboratories,Merseyside L63 3JW; United Kingdom. TI - Microbiological and clinical effects of a dentifrice containing zinc citrate and Triclosan in the human experimental gingivitis model. SO - Journal of Clinical Periodontology Vol 17(8) (pp 570-574), 1990. AB - A partial mouth experimental gingivitis model was employed to establish the effect of a dentifrice containing 0.2% Triclosan and 0.5% zinc citrate on the development of chronic gingivitis. In addition, changes in the plaque flora associated with the developing gingivitis have been monitored. Following a period of stringent oral hygiene, volunteers were allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups. A toothshield was constructed to fit 4 posterior mandibular teeth. During the 21-day experimental period test or placebo dentifrice was applied to the experimental teeth via the tooth shield. The toothshield also prevented plaque removal from those teeth during habitual brushing of the remaining dentition. Supragingival plaque was collected at baseline and day 21 for analysis of the total bacterial flora. At the end of the experimental period, plaque and gingivitis had developed in both groups. However, the test group had significantly less plaque and gingivitis than the placebo group. The microbiological data demonstrated that plaque from the test group contained significantly lower numbers of anaerobes compared to plaque from the placebo group. This was considered particularly significant as these bacteria are generally associated with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. There was also a trend for the numbers of actinomyces to decrease in plaque from the test group but not in the placebo group. <44> UI - 1990176706 AU - Nyvad B AU - Kilian M IN - Department of Oral Anatomy,,, Dental Pathol./Operative Dent, Royal Dental College, Vennelyst Boulevard,DK-8000 Arhus C; Denmark. TI - Microflora associated with experimental root surface caries in humans. SO - Infection & Immunity Vol 58(6) (pp 1628-1633), 1990. AB - This study describes the microflora from actively progressing root surface caries lesions, in which mineral loss had been determined by quantitative microradiography. The caries lesions were produced experimentally in root surface specimens from human molars inserted in lower partial dentures carried for 3 months by six elderly individuals. A total of 780 bacterial isolates were identified from 13 plaque samples, collected with a punch technique, and six dentin samples. The composition of the microflora showed distinct individual differences. The microflora from plaque samples associated with the highest mineral loss was dominated by either Actinomyces viscosus or a combination of mutans streptococci (serotypes c, d, and f) and Lactobacillus species (L. casei and L. brevis). Plaque from root surfaces with less pronounced mineral loss harbored a more complex microflora comprising gram-positive rods, mutans streptococci, Streptococcus mitis biovar 1, Veillonella spp., gram-negative rods, and low numbers of lactobacilli. In the latter samples, individual variations in the proportions of mutans streptococci (serotypes c, d, and g), Actinomyces species (A. viscosus and A. naeslundii), and Veillonella parvula biotypes were observed. These findings suggest that certain species or combinations of species are more cariogenic than others and that dominance of single acidogenic species in particular is conducive to high caries activity. <45> UI - 1990139573 AU - Iwu C AU - MacFarlane TW AU - MacKenzie D AU - Stenhouse D IN - Oral Microbiology Unit, Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall St.,Glasgow G2 3JZ; United Kingdom. TI - The microbiology of periapical granulomas. SO - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology Vol 69(4) (pp 502-505), 1990. AB - Of the 16 periapical granulomas studied, 14 (88%) yielded a positive growth when homogenized and cultured. The concentration of colony-forming units per milliliter of the suspension ranged from 101.3 to 104.0 (mean 102.2). A total of 47 isolates comprising 26 (55%) facultative anaerobes and 21 (45%) strict anaerobes were obtained. The organisms most commonly cultured were Veillonella species (15%), Streptococcus milleri (11%), Streptococcus sanguis (11%), Actinomyces naeslundii (11%), Propionibacterium acnes (11%), and Bacteroides species (10%). Most of the organisms (96%) were sensitive to either amoxicillin, clindamycin, or tetracycline, whereas only 45% were sensitive to metronidazole. <46> UI - 1990083089 AU - Marquis RE IN - Department of Microbiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642; United States. TI - Physiology of fluoride inhibition of oral bacteria. SO - Journal of Dental Research Vol 68(SPEC. ISS. NOV.) (pp 1694-1695), 1989. <47> UI - 1990078510 AU - Cao CF AU - Aeppli DM AU - Liljemark WF AU - Bloomquist CG AU - Bandt CL AU - Wolff LF IN - Department of Preventive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 17-164 Moos Tower, 515 Delawarte Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455; United States. TI - Comparison of plaque microflora between Chinese and Caucasian population groups. SO - Journal of Clinical Periodontology Vol 17(2) (pp 115-118), 1990. AB - This investigation was designed to compare the predominant plaque micro-organisms from a Chinese group of patients exhibiting periodontitis with an age-, sex- and periodontal disease-matched Caucasian group of patients. In addition to race, the 2 population groups differed with respect to diet and oral hygiene habits, or effectiveness at removing plaque. Clinical measurements were determined along with an evaluation for micro-organisms in supragingival and subgingival plaque. Although the Chinese and Caucasian population groups were similar with respect to composition of micro-organisms in subgingival plaque, notable differences were observed in supragingival plaque. The Chinese group had higher mean proportions of spirochetes, motile rods, Fusobacterium spp. and dark-pigmented Bacteroides species, while the Caucasian group had higher mean proportions of cocci, total Actinomyces spp., A. viscosus and total Streptococcus spp. in supragingival plaque. The microbial differences observed in supragingival plaque may be explained at least in part, if not totally, by the higher plaque index scores of the Chinese versus Caucasian population groups. <48> UI - 1990046528 AU - Newman MG AU - Sanz M AU - Nachnani S AU - Saltini C AU - Anderson L IN - UCLA School of Dentistry, Section of Periodontology, Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90024; United States. TI - Effect of 0.12% chlorhexidine on bacterial recolonization following periodontal surgery. SO - Journal of Periodontology Vol 60(10) (pp 577-581), 1989. <49> UI - 1989118596 AU - Fleming P AU - Strawbridge J IN - Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BP; United Kingdom. TI - Lateral periodontal abscess in a child. SO - Journal of Pedodontics Vol 13(3) (pp 281-283), 1989. <50> UI - 1989074292 AU - Mahanonda R AU - Seymour GJ AU - Powell LW AU - Good MF AU - Halliday JW IN - Immunopathology Unit, Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4000; Australia. TI - Limit dilution analysis of peripheral blood T lymphocytes specific to periodontopathic bacteria. SO - Clinical & Experimental Immunology Vol 75(2) (pp 245-251), 1989. AB - Limit dilution analysis (LDA) was used to determine the presence and frequency of periodontopathic-bacteria-specific T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. Twelve adult periodontitis (AP), 13 marginal gingivitis (MG) and 12 healthy control subjects took part in the study. Bacteroides gingivalis and Actinomyces viscosus were used as test organisms, while tetanus toxoid was used as the control antigen. The median PTL-p frequencies to B. gingivalis were 46.33 x 10-6, 45.33 x 10-6 and 58.83 x 10-6 in the control, gingivitis and AP groups respectively, while the median PTL-p frequencies to A. viscosus were 13.8 x 10-6, 17.33 x 10-6 and 11.5 x 10-6, again in the control, gingivitis and AP groups. There was no statistically significant differences between the groups. All subjects displayed 'single-hit' kinetics with the control tetanus toxoid antigen and, with three exceptions, 'single-hit' kinetics was also found with the two test organisms. One control subject displayed a 'saw-tooth' curve with A. viscosus and a 'suppressor' curve with B. gingivalis, while two MG subjects had a 'saw-tooth' curve with B. gingivalis. These complex curves suggest that, in some subjects, more than one limiting cell type may exist in the cultures. Nevertheless, the results of the present study illustrate that lymphocytes specific to periodontopathic bacteria exist in the peripheral blood of both diseased and non-diseased subjects. <51> UI - 1989041192 AU - Sundqvist G AU - Johansson E AU - Sjogren U IN - Department of Endodontics, University of Umea, Umea; Sweden. TI - Prevalence of black-pigmented bacteroides species in root canal infections. SO - Journal of Endodontics Vol 15(1) (pp 13-19), 1989. <52> UI - 1989028789 AU - Eke PI AU - Rotimi VO AU - Laughon BE IN - Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos; Nigeria. TI - Coaggregation of black-pigmented Bacteroides species with other oral bacteria. SO - Journal of Medical Microbiology Vol 28(1) (pp 1-4), 1989. AB - Coaggregation of Bacteroides gingivalis and other black-pigmented bacteroides with several oral bacteria was studied with 'reagent' strains specially prepared by methods that have been described previously. B. gingivalis coaggregated with Veillonella, Capnocytophaga and Actinomyces spp., but not with any Streptococcus spp. Coaggregation of B. gingivalis with other bacteria was inhibited and reversed by lactose. Of the asaccharolytic black-pigmented bacteroides, only B. gingivalis demonstrated any coaggregation with other bacteria, whereas within the saccharolytic species, B. loescheii showed a marked ability to coaggregate with several species of oral bacteria. This property of coaggregation by B. gingivalis may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of periodontal infections.