Database: MEDLINE <: biomedical, nursing & dental literature, 1966 - Oct 2000.> Search Strategy (You Saved Citations 1-176 From Set 61): ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 exp Tooth demineralization/ 22653 2 demineralization.mp. 1622 3 caries.mp. 15310 4 caires.mp. 1 5 craies.mp. 0 6 careis.mp. 4 7 carise.mp. 0 8 (teeth adj3 cavit:).mp. 422 9 (tooth adj3 cavit:).mp. 217 10 (dental adj3 cavit:).mp. 276 11 (dentin adj3 cavit:).mp. 255 12 (enamel adj3 cavit:).mp. 182 13 (teeth adj3 decay:).mp. 375 14 (tooth adj3 decay:).mp. 322 15 (dental adj3 decay:).mp. 250 16 (dentin adj3 decay:).mp. 12 17 (enamel adj3 decay:).mp. 20 18 (active adj decay).mp. 9 19 (rampant adj3 decay:).mp. 14 20 (recurrent adj3 decay:).mp. 30 21 (white adj spot:).mp. 510 22 carious.mp. 2082 23 cariology.ti,ab. 56 24 (non-cavitated adj3 lesion:).mp. 15 25 (noncavitated adj3 lesion:).mp. 2 26 Tooth remineralization/ 479 27 (dental adj3 fissure:).mp. 99 28 (tooth adj3 fissure:).mp. 50 29 (teeth adj3 fissure:).mp. 98 30 caries-free.mp. 605 31 cariesfree.mp. 17 32 Cariogenic agents/ 728 33 precavit:.mp. 8 34 (filled adj3 teeth).mp. 511 35 (filled adj3 tooth).mp. 117 36 (oral adj fissure:).mp. 6 37 (tooth adj3 remineraliz:).mp. 28 38 (teeth adj3 remineraliz:).mp. 24 39 dft.mp. 413 40 dfs.mp. 1261 41 dmf:.mp. 6402 42 cariogeni:.mp. 1787 43 or/1-42 32291 44 Dental leakage/ 1854 45 (mineral adj loss).mp. 409 46 or/43-45 34030 47 Fluorescence/ 12584 48 exp Fluorometry/ 74410 49 fluorescen:.mp. 178830 50 QLF.mp. 7 51 DIAGNOdent.mp. 3 52 "LIGHT-SCATTERING".mp. 4178 53 exp Scattering, radiation/ 10630 54 exp Light/du [Diagnostic Use] 2263 55 Radiography, dental, digital/ 250 56 (direct adj digital adj radiograph:).mp. 33 57 exp Fluorescent dyes/ 40087 58 exp Iodides/ 5402 59 Ultraviolet rays/ 34922 60 or/47-59 284422 61 46 and 60 476 62 from 61 keep 1-300 300 63 from 61 keep 301-476 176 *************************** <1> UI - 90377053 AU - De Leo D AU - Tagliaro F IN - Istituto di Medicina Legale, Universita di Verona. TI - [The identification of esterase D isoenzyme (EsD) phenotypes in the dental pulp by isoelectric focusing]. [Italian] SO - Minerva Stomatologica 1990 Jun;39(6):435-8 AB - An identification method based on the isoelectrofocusing (IEF) assay of the EsD phenotypes in dental cavity pulp is reported. The IEF has been carried out on polyacrylamide gel (T = 5% and C = 3%), using ampholines ranging pH 4.5-5.4. A pre-focusing of 20 min at 2,000 V, 100 mA and 8 W was used; focusing conditions were: 2,000 V, unlimited current and W, for 75 min at 4 degrees C. Electropherograms were read under UV at 366 nm after reaction with 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate giving a fluorescent product. The content of a single dental cavity has been found to be the smallest amount of sample needed for the assay in alive subjects, excluding dental pathology which could interfered with the results. In bodies, excluding interferences from abnormal preservation conditions, a clear decrease in the reliability of the assay has been observed after the 6th day since the death. In any case, on the basis of the authors' experience, the dental pulp, as compared to blood, seems a preferable sample for identification purposes. <2> UI - 90304831 AU - Zero DT AU - Rahbek I AU - Fu J AU - Proskin HM AU - Featherstone JD IN - Eastman Dental Center, Rochester, N.Y. TI - Comparison of the iodide permeability test, the surface microhardness test, and mineral dissolution of bovine enamel following acid challenge. SO - Caries Research 1990;24(3):181-8 AB - The relationship among the iodide permeability (Ip) test, the surface microhardness (SMH) test, and enamel demineralization chemically analyzed as mineral loss was investigated using bovine enamel blocks. Demineralization periods of 0 (control) and 5, 15, 30, and 45 min using 0.05 mol/l lactate (pH 4.75) were chosen to approximate the acid challenge occurring during the intraoral enamel demineralization test. Mineral loss (Ca and PO4) was found to be directly proportional to dissolution time (r = 0.95). Changes (delta) in Ip and SMH each increased linearly over time (r = 0.58 and 0.64, respectively) and were similarly related to mineral loss (r = 0.60 and 0.65, respectively). The correlation between delta Ip and delta SMH was 0.55. When longer demineralization periods (60, 120, and 240 min) were included, the correlation between delta Ip and delta SMH was 0.68. We conclude that both the Ip test and the SMH test can be used as measures of the early stages of enamel dissolution. <3> UI - 90311415 AU - Kaaret TW AU - Bruice TC IN - Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106. TI - Electrochemical luminescence with N(5)-ethyl-4a-hydroxy-3-methyl-4a, 5-dihydrolumiflavin. The mechanism of bacterial luciferase. SO - Photochemistry & Photobiology 1990 May;51(5):629-33 AB - It has been proposed in the literature that the chemiluminescence of the flavoenzyme of bacterial luciferase is caused by a chemically initiated electron-exchange luminescence mechanism which provides an excited 4a-hydroxy-4a,5-dihydroflavin ([4a-FlHOH]*) as product of 1e- reduction of the radical 4a-FlHOH+.. Electrochemical/photon counting experiments were performed to assess the feasibility of this proposal. Potentials for step-wise oxidation of N(5)-ethyl-4a-hydroxy-4a,5-dihydroluminflavin (4a-FlEtOH) have been determined in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Photon counting was carried out during the 1e- reduction of 4a-FlEtOH+.in both DMF and acetonitrile by use of an apparatus consisting of a photocell mounted below a Pt ring-disk electrode. By use of the ring-disk electrode a steady state concentration of [4a-FlEtOH]* could be maintained by continuous 1e- oxidation of 4a-FlEtOH----4a-FlEtOH+.and 1e- reduction of 4a-FlEtOH+.----4a-FlEtOH. A maximum of 14% collection (theoretical maximum is 18%) of FlEtOH.+ at the ring electrode was obtained below 5000 rotations per minute. Calibration of the apparatus using 9,10-diphenylanthracene allowed approximation of the quantum yield for 1e- reductive capture of 4a-FlEtOH+.as 10(-6) to 10(-4) in DMF and 10(-7) to 10(-5) in acetonitrile. No fluorescence for 4a-FlEtOH in DMF could be observed; if fluorescent, the efficiency of 4a-FlEtOH can be no greater than approximately 3 x 10(-5). No electrogenerated chemiluminescence is observed on the electrochemical recycling of FlEt+----FlEt2+ and FlEt2+----FlEt+. <4> UI - 90248288 AU - Ortonne JP IN - Dermatology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France. TI - Pigmentary changes of the ageing skin. [Review] [42 refs] SO - British Journal of Dermatology 1990 Apr;122 Suppl 35:21-8 AB - In subjects older than 25-30 years the number of enzymatically active melanocytes detectable by the dopa reaction decreases by about 10-20% per decade, with exposed skin having approximately twice as many pigment cells as unexposed skin. Chronic exposure to sunlight may stimulate the epidermal melanocyte system rather than accelerating chronological ageing. The number of melanocytic naevi declines with age. Despite the decreased melanocyte density, photoaged skin has irregular pigmentation and, frequently, there is hyperpigmentation. This may be due to greater positivity of dopa of chronically irradiated melanocytes. Heterogeneity in skin colour in exposed areas of skin is due to uneven distribution of pigment cells, a local loss of melanocytes, and a modification in the interactions between melanocytes and keratinocytes. The most common pigmented lesions in sun-exposed skin include ephelides, actinic lentigo, pigmented solar keratoses and seborrhoeic keratoses, and lentigo maligna. The white spots in aged skin are usually stellate pseudoscars or idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis. Greying of the hair is due to progressive loss of melanocytes from the hair follicles. In vivo and in vitro studies are necessary to increase overall understanding of the processes involved and to improve treatment of the pigmentary changes in ageing skin. [References: 42] <5> UI - 90254741 AU - Rentsch H AU - Merte K AU - Zschau HE AU - Plier F AU - Otto G AU - Vogt J IN - Department of Conservative Dentistry, Karl-Marx-University of Leipzig, GDR. TI - Fluoride and mineral redeposition in outermost layers of bovine enamel during surface softening. SO - Caries Research 1990;24(2):97-100 AB - Mineral and fluoride concentration changes in the outermost layers of bovine enamel (depth less than 1 micron) were measured after demineralization in unbuffered hydroxyethylcellulose gels of pH = 5.4 with an intrinsic fluoride concentration of about 0.02 ppm. A combination of two nuclear analytical techniques, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and proton-induced gamma ray emission spectrometry (PIGE) was applied to determine the Ca/P molar ratios and F depth profiles, respectively. When compared to deeper layers, a reduced loss of mineral content is observed for the depth range of about 0-0.1 micron corresponding well with a F concentration increase from about 500 to about 5,000 ppm in the same range. These findings are interpreted as a fluoride-induced partial remineralization of the superficial surface layer during an overall demineralization process. <6> UI - 90243956 AU - Van de Rijke JW AU - Ten Bosch JJ IN - Laboratory for Materia Technica, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. TI - Optical quantification of caries-like lesions in vitro by use of a fluorescent dye. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1990 May;69(5):1184-7 AB - An experimental method was developed for measurement of the fluorescence intensity of a dye that was introduced into caries-like lesions in vitro. A distinct pattern of change of fluorescence intensity with time appeared, displaying a plateau value and a peak value for each measurement. Both plateau and peak values showed a linear correlation with calcium loss, as measured with longitudinal microradiography. The correlation coefficients were r = 0.87 for plateau values and r = 0.89 for peak values. The difference in scattering by dry and wet caries lesions was also measured with the same equipment, which showed a linear correlation with calcium loss of r = -0.53. <7> UI - 90171784 AU - Bernardo J AU - Newburger PE AU - Brennan L AU - Brink HF AU - Bresnick SA AU - Weil G AU - Simons ER IN - Department of Biochemistry and Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118. TI - Simultaneous flow cytometric measurements of cytoplasmic Ca++ and membrane potential changes upon FMLP exposure as HL-60 cells mature into granulocytes: using [Ca++]in as an indicator of granulocyte maturity. SO - Journal of Leukocyte Biology 1990 Mar;47(3):265-74 AB - Treatment of human leukemic HL-60 cells with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) induces them to mature until they reach granulocytoid morphology 3-6 d later. We have reported a maturation-dependent ability of these cells to respond to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), as evaluated by membrane depolarization and by oxidative burst product formation (Newburger et al.: J. Biol. Chem. 259,3771, 1984). More recently we have attempted to develop techniques for simultaneous evaluation of these parameters during HL-60 cell maturation. Here, we compare the cytoplasmic [Ca++] and membrane potential changes elicited by the chemotactic peptide fMLP via simultaneous measurement of individual cells in a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), as done previously for mature granulocytes (Lazzari et al.: J. Biol. Chem. 261,9710, 1986). The stimulus-induced [Ca++]in changes are detected with the fluorescent probe Indo-1 and reproducibly increase in magnitude for a subpopulation of cells as the cells mature into granulocytes. Ca++ responsiveness to formyl peptide is restricted to a subpopulation of HL-60 granulocytes which expresses receptors for chemotactic peptide and consistently increases in magnitude (in response to the same concentration of agonist) with maturation. In contrast, there is less consistency in the direction or magnitude of membrane potential changes elicited under the same circumstances from the same maturing HL-60 cells. <8> UI - 90143588 AU - Tegner E AU - Bjornberg A IN - Department of Dermatology, Lund University Hospital, Sweden. TI - Hydrogen peroxide cream for the prevention of white pressure areas in UVA sunbeds. SO - Acta Dermato-Venereologica 1990;70(1):75-6 AB - A single application of 1% hydrogen peroxide in a stabilized lipid cream during 2 min before UVA exposure prevents white spots in anoxic pressure areas in sunbed use, causing an almost normal pigmentation. During maintenance exposure with UVA once a week this pigmentation will remain unchanged if the pressure areas are pretreated with hydrogen peroxide before each irradiation. White spots will appear 3-4 weeks after finishing hydrogen peroxide pretreatment in the pressure areas thus exposed to UVA alone. <9> UI - 90133880 AU - Boyde A AU - Jones SJ AU - Taylor ML AU - Wolfe LA AU - Watson TF IN - Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, U.K. TI - Fluorescence in the tandem scanning microscope. SO - Journal of Microscopy 1990 Jan;157 ( Pt 1):39-49 AB - Our studies have shown that the fluorescence mode can be used to good effect in both tandem scanning microscopes (TSM: direct view confocal microscopes) as well as confocal scanning laser microscopes (CSLM). Applications are presented which show that the two great advantages of TSM are real-time viewing and real colour, which allow faster use and interpretation. CSLM are complementary, not competitive, being currently more sophisticated for low-level fluorescence work. This is equally possible with available TSM, but requires further development using CCD cameras and image-processing systems. <10> UI - 90090561 AU - Bush MS AU - Challacombe SJ AU - Newman HN IN - Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, University College and Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, UK. TI - A method for the identification of Streptococcus mutans in gingival margin plaque by immunofluorescence. SO - Caries Research 1990;24(1):23-9 AB - A method was developed to identify Streptococcus mutans in natural dental plaque by indirect immunofluorescence staining, using a high-titred polyclonal antiserum raised against a serotype c strain of S. mutans followed by an FITC conjugate. Specificity was determined by staining 45 representative strains of plaque organisms, which demonstrated minimal cross-reactions. In vitro incubation of S. mutans NCTC 10449 films with a human serum containing antibodies to S. mutans and the presence of extracellular polysaccharide did not inhibit staining. The staining method enabled 98% of the streptococci to be detected in mixtures of S. mutans NCTC 10449 and Lactobacillus casei NCTC 10302. S. mutans was detected at a ratio of 1:100,000 in mixtures of pure cultures. In plaque samples, S. mutans could be distinguished from other organisms, including an unidentified cross-reacting bacillus found in some gingival plaque samples. The results suggest that immunofluorescence is a fast, practical method for identifying specific bacteria in plaque and, therefore, could be of use in microbiological studies of caries. <11> UI - 91240538 AU - Filipovic V AU - Ivanovic V AU - Pajic M TI - [Effect of remaining dentine thickness beneath deep cavities on the rate of reparative dentine formation--experimental study]. [Serbo-Croatian (Roman)] SO - Stomatoloski Glasnik Srbije 1989 Nov-Dec;36(5):393-9 AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of remaining dentine thickness beneath deep cavities on the rate of reparative dentine formation throughout 119 days and to establish the limit value of the remaining dentine thickness that enables greatest amount of tertiary dentine in dogs' teeth. Deep buccal cavities were prepared in all canines and molars of three dogs, lined with four different lining materials for indirect pulp capping and filled with silver amalgam. Tetracycline labelling technique was used to demark the layers of reparative dentine produced during the experimental period of 17 weeks. After sacrificing and isolation the teeth from the jaws slices (1 mm thick) were cut off through the middle of the cavity, perpendicular to the cavity floor and mesio-distal tooth axis. Sections were ground to 100 microns thick; the measuring of the remaining and reparative dentine thickness was carried out with Fluoval, Carl-Zeiss, Jena, DDR fluorescent microscope. The results showed: 1. Cavity depth had a strong effect on the quantity of newly formed tertiary dentine; 2. The greatest rate of reparative dentine (348 microns) was produced beneath the cavities with remaining dentine thickness ranging 501-700 microns; 3. The least quantities of tertiary dentine (219 and 227 microns) were produced beneath the deepest cavities, with remaining dentine thickness less than 500 microns, as well as beneath shallower cavities with remaining dentine thickness of over 900 microns. <12> UI - 90003081 AU - Kashket S AU - Ahern JM IN - Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, Mass. TI - Correlation between physical changes in tooth enamel and changes in iodide penetrability following in vitro or intraoral demineralization. SO - Caries Research 1989;23(4):232-7 AB - Demineralization of bovine tooth enamel was assessed by various physical means, and results were compared to measured changes in penetrability to iodide ions (delta Ip). Blocks of bovine enamel were exposed in vitro to lactate buffer (pH 4.3) containing 25 mM CaCl2 and 10 mM KH2PO4 for up to 4 days. Delta Ip increased over a wide range with time. A plot with respect to microhardness exhibited a pronounced inflection, with delta Ip rising rapidly at indentation depths greater than 2.5 microns. Microradiography and polarized light microscopy demonstrated subsurface lesions coincident only with the higher delta Ip values. The limited demineralization during the early time periods, therefore, was associated with only minimal changes at or near the enamel surface, yet could be detected readily with the delta Ip system. Demineralization produced intraorally in subjects rinsing with 5% sucrose was accompanied by increases in delta Ip, but no changes in surface microhardness or microscopic appearance of the enamel. It appeared that, under these conditions, demineralization was limited to the surface and corresponded to the very early phases of lesion formation. <13> UI - 89359232 AU - Sundstrom F AU - Hafstrom-Bjorkman U AU - Strom J AU - Angmar-Mansson B AU - Frostell G AU - Takazoe I IN - Department of Cariology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden. TI - Evaluation of a model for short-term clinical testing of cariogenicity. SO - Journal de Biologie Buccale 1989 Jun;17(2):115-20 AB - Conventional mirror and probe examination and laser fluorescence were used to score caries-like alterations on the buccal surfaces of posterior teeth in 60 panelists, allotted to one of three groups. All subjects refrained from oral hygiene for five days. In one group each subject consumed 12 sucrose candies daily between meals and in the second group each subject similarly consumed 12 palatinose (isomaltulose) candies. The third group served as a control. At the end of the experimental period the tooth surfaces reexamined. Conventional and laser fluorescence scoring techniques showed an increase in the number of caries-like alterations for all groups, but there were no significant differences between the groups. For all groups, the laser method gave significantly greater scores throughout. The findings imply that certain aspects of the early development of enamel caries in subjects regularly using fluorides must be considered in the design of a short-term cariogenicity test. It is concluded that sensitive quantitative methods for the registration of caries are necessary in such tests. <14> UI - 89354476 AU - Hargreaves JA AU - Thompson GW IN - Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. TI - Ultraviolet light and dental caries in children. SO - Caries Research 1989;23(5):389-92 AB - Animal experimental work has suggested that ultraviolet radiation reduces dental caries incidence. The opportunity to complete a study on children in the 1-ppm water fluoridated community of Wetaskiwin, Alberta, Canada, through an experimental school design study, became possible between 1982 and 1984 as in winter children have to travel to and from school during hours of darkness. Two classrooms at the four primary schools in the city had full spectrum lighting introduced and the 102 children entering grade 5 spent 22 months of study in the same classrooms; 83 (81%) remained in the trial. Each child had DMFT, DMFS, including degree of caries involvement, gingivitis and oral hygiene indices recorded. Results showed that children receiving the full spectrum light had very low or no increase in caries incidence over the 22-month period compared with controls. DMFS findings, excluding 'sticky fissures' over the 22-month period, increased from 2.67 to 3.23 in the group receiving full spectrum light, compared with an increase of 2.32 to 4.46 in the control group (p less than 0.001). <15> UI - 89256042 AU - Janssen PT AU - van Aken J IN - Department of Biomaterials, ACTA, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. TI - Problems around the in vitro and in vivo application of quantitative digital subtraction radiography. SO - Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1989 May;16(5):323-30 AB - The validity of a quantitative digital subtraction technique was investigated in vitro when influenced by the following aspects: the material enveloping the aluminium reference wedge, the radiation quality used to produce the radiographs and the effect of differences in image geometry between repeated radiographs. The test object consisted of a dry mandible in which small test objects made of aluminium with known volumes were introduced. By means of the quantitative digital subtraction technique, the aluminium volumes of these test objects were determined. The best agreement between the measured volumes and the actual volumes, was found when the aluminium reference wedge was embedded in polymethylmethacrylate and exposure conditions of 50 kVp, 15 mAs were used. An increase in the differences in image geometry between radiographs led to a decrease in the validity and accuracy of the measurements. For the in vivo application of this method, serial radiographs of 4 patients were taken to register the periodontal bone changes over a 5-8 month period. Differences in the approximal bone between radiographs were quantified in aluminium equivalent volumes (AEV's). In 23% of the measured sites, changes in the mineral content could be detected. The changed sites were found in only 2 patients. One patient showed 3 sites with remineralization, while the other patient showed 2 sites with demineralization. The differences detected ranged from -1.54 to +0.38 mm3 aluminium equivalent. <16> UI - 89139976 AU - Pearce EI AU - Nelson DG IN - Dental Research Unit, Medical Research Council of New Zealand, Wellington. TI - Microstructural features of carious human enamel imaged with back-scattered electrons. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1989 Feb;68(2):113-8 AB - We have used back-scattered electrons (BE) in the scanning electron microscope to produce mineral density images of enamel. Flat surfaces of artificially-carious enamel, softened in an intra-oral experiment, and naturally-carious (white spot) enamel were polished to a high gloss with diamond lapping compound, rendering them almost featureless by secondary electron scanning electron microscopy. They were then examined at 10 to 30 kV in a Philips 505 instrument fitted with a 4-quadrant BE detector. Study of surfaces prepared approximately parallel to the natural surface showed that mineral was lost from both prism core and the interprismatic region, leaving a thin mineral-rich rim at the prism periphery. The same lesions viewed longitudinally on a surface prepared perpendicular to the natural surface showed mineral-rich bands at the prism margins in the outer enamel. Near the advancing front of the lesion, the prism junctions were widened and the prism cores sometimes hypermineralized. Natural lesions sectioned in the prism long axis showed features previously seen with other techniques, e.g., cross-striations and striae of Retzius, but in much greater detail. Mineral enrichment at the prism periphery in the lesion body and a widening of the prism junction at the advancing fronts of lesions in permanent teeth were most obvious. Calculations showed that with an accelerating voltage of 30 kV, the images reflected mineral density up to 4 microns beneath the surface. BE microscopy produces a high-resolution image of mineral loss or gain in carious enamel, with relatively easy sample preparation. <17> UI - 89151360 AU - Luoma H AU - Nykanen I AU - Seppa L AU - Alakuijala P AU - Spets-Happonen S AU - Raisanen J IN - Department of Preventive Dentistry and Cariology, University of Kuopio, Finland. TI - Protection by F, I, Sr, and combinations against fermentation attack by Streptococcus sobrinus artificial plaque on bovine enamel. SO - Caries Research 1989;23(1):5-13 AB - Labial surfaces of 64 bovine incisors (8 teeth/treatment) were subjected to 1-min treatment with (1) 500 ppm Sr, (2) 0.5% I2 plus 1% KI solution, (3) F varnish treatment (Duraphat) for 24 h, or (4) combined treatments. The treated teeth were incubated under an artificial Streptococcus sobrinus plaque for 10 days. The 'oral fluid' with maleate buffer (pH 5.8) partially saturated with Ca3(PO4)2 and with or without 3.3% sucrose or sucrose plus 25 ppm F, was replaced by a mixture containing thioglycolate broth and the buffer for 4 h daily. This was done in an attempt to maintain the viability of the plaque as it was not renewed. Analysis of the Ca and inorganic P in the fluid phase taken after the 1st and the 10th day of incubation indicated that complete protection was obtained with F varnishing plus 25 ppm F in the fluid, with added sucrose. The Sr plus F treatment was more protective than F or Sr alone. The iodine treatment was slightly protective when combined with F varnishing. The results of the enamel surface and subsurface F and Sr as well as measurements of surface microhardness also indicated the highest protective effect with the double-F treatment and a marked protection provided by the Sr plus F treatment. The efficacy of the double-F treatment was partly explained by the prevention of a fall in 'plaque' pH and partly by the release of bacterial inorganic P in the extracellular fluid. The present caries model is versatile in quantification of changes in numerous parameters (14 parameters measured) involved in the caries-like process and its inhibition. <18> UI - 90068803 AU - Benedetto MD AU - Antonson DE TI - Use of CO2 laser for visible detection of enamel fissure caries. SO - Quintessence International 1988 Mar;19(3):187-90 <19> UI - 89252496 AU - Torstenson B AU - Brannstrom M TI - Composite resin contraction gaps measured with a fluorescent resin technique. SO - Dental Materials 1988 Oct;4(5):238-42 <20> UI - 89102454 AU - Bauer HC IN - Department of Orthopedics, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. TI - DNA cytometry of osteosarcoma. [Review] [94 refs] SO - Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. Supplementum 1988;228:1-39 AB - The relationship between cytochemical features and histomorphology in osteosarcoma, and the clinical significance of DNA content were investigated by microspectrophotometry (MSP) of tissue sections and flow cytophotometry (FCM) of cell suspensions. MSP of tissue sections entails the methodological error of determining the DNA content of sectioned cell nuclei. By analyzing 184 normal mesenchymal cell populations, an upper limit of diploidy (normal DNA content) was deduced. Applying this upper limit for 42 sarcomas, 6 were diploid and 36 hyperploid. Comparative analysis of the same lesions by MSP of imprint preparations and by FCM disclosed complete agreement in ploidy classification (diploid versus hyperploid). Retrospective MSP analysis of bone tumors is often impeded by previous demineralization in acid, which destroys DNA. EDTA as an alternative was found to slightly reduce Feulgen DNA stainability of osteosarcomas, but did not affect tumor ploidy determination. Hence, EDTA offers a means of retaining DNA stainability of bone tumors requiring demineralization. MSP analysis of different histologic areas, and comparative FCM analysis of biopsy and surgical specimens, dislosed that individual osteosarcomas are cytochemically uniform despite morphologic heterogeneity. Hence, a single tumor sample for DNA analysis can be relied upon as representative for the tumor as a whole. In a consecutive series of 83 osteosarcoma patients treated by surgery and adjuvant Interferon, the 7-year survival rate was 0.44. MSP DNA analysis gave no significant prognostic information. Multivariate analysis identified 3 risk factors for tumor related death, i.e., male sex, proximal tumor location, and histologic grade IV. In a prognostication model, the 7-year survival rates, for patients with 0, 1, 2, or 3 risk factors, were 0.80, 0.59, 0.42, and 0.13, respectively. Hence, it is possible to identify subgroups of high grade osteosarcoma patients with different prognosis. In a study of 166 primary bone tumors, the applicability of DNA analysis for differential diagnostic purposes was investigated. The series included high grade osteosarcomas, parosteal osteosarcomas and benign bone tumors, which may be mixed up histologically with osteosarcoma. Out of 166 tumors, 149 (90%) were histologically noncontroversial, whereas 17 (10%) posed diagnostic difficulties. In the diagnostically noncontroversial group, all benign tumors and parosteal osteosarcomas were diploid, whereas 97 of 102 osteosarcomas were hyperploid. Hence, hyperploidy seems to be a characteristic feature of high grade osteosarcoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) [References: 94] <21> UI - 89067183 AU - Walmsley AD AU - Laird WR AU - Williams AR IN - Department of Dental Prosthetics and Periodontics, Dental School, Birmingham, UK. TI - Dental plaque removal by cavitational activity during ultrasonic scaling. SO - Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1988 Oct;15(9):539-43 AB - Photomicrographs of the surfaces of recently extracted teeth stained with erythrosin dye were obtained. The stained surfaces were treated with an ultrasonic scaler using two different types of scaling tips driven by the same instrument operated at a medium power setting. Small areas of stained plaque removal occurred when the stationary scaling tip was operated without water cooling. Additional areas of removal were observed where a water coolant was present, which were larger than those produced by the non-water cooled tip. These additional areas were influenced by the type of scaling tip used, it's orientation to the tooth surface and it's displacement amplitude. Cavitational activity in the cooling water supply of the ultrasonic scaler is able to remove dental plaque from tooth surfaces and may be a useful adjunct to the mechanical action of the instrument. <22> UI - 89028565 AU - Brinkman J AU - ten Bosch JJ AU - Borsboom PC IN - Dental School, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. TI - Optical quantitation of natural caries in smooth surfaces of extracted teeth. SO - Caries Research 1988;22(5):257-62 AB - An optical instrument is described which quantitates incipient smooth surface caries lesions in vivo. The possible role of such quantitation in caries management and in clinical caries research is discussed. The instrument uses a bundle of small fibres in an 'optical needle' with a flat end that is placed on the lesion. Half the fibres are used to illuminate the lesion and the other half to collect the light backscattered by the lesion interior. In this geometry, lesions reflect much more light than does sound enamel. The instrument has been validated against natural lesions in extracted teeth, and the depth of these lesions and their mineral loss were measured by microradiography. The correlation coefficient between these two parameters was 0.96 and the correlation between optical measurement and lesion depth 0.71. <23> UI - 89017778 AU - Miller GG AU - Kenning JM AU - Dawson DT IN - Radiobiology Program, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. TI - Radiation-induced changes in collagen isotypes I, III, and IV in the lung of LAF1 mouse: effects of time, dose, and WR-2721. SO - Radiation Research 1988 Sep;115(3):515-32 AB - Alterations in the amount and distribution of pulmonary connective tissue are commonly observed subsequent to thoracic radiotherapy. The extent to which these changes are important in the expression of radiation damage and its repair remains unclear. We have quantitated changes in the parenchymal levels of collagen types I, III, and IV in the lungs of LAF1 mice at intervals to 1 year, following doses of 0-14 Gy, 300 kV X rays, or 0-18 Gy in the presence of the radioprotective compound, WR-2721. The method of quantitation, which involves video image analysis of fluorescent antibody stained, cryostat tissue sections, provides both quantitative and morphological information for the three collagen isotypes. Type I collagen peaked in tissue content at 15 and 30 weeks postirradiation (p.i.), with transient return to control values 20-25 weeks p.i. Type III collagen peaked at 15 and 25 weeks p.i. and declined in tissue content at 20 and 30 weeks. Type IV peaked 15-20 weeks following irradiation, returned to control levels at 25 weeks, and reached a plateau above control values after 30 weeks. Fluctuations in collagen levels in the parenchyma were dose dependent but were not simultaneous, indicating a radiation response characterized by alpha-chain-specific regulation of collagen biosynthesis and breakdown. In general, WR-2721, which enhanced postirradiation survival (DMF, 1.3), reduced the magnitude and altered the timing of collagen fluctuations; again, the effects were type specific. The results clearly demonstrate that the postirradiation response of the connective tissue is dose dependent, is specific to each macromolecule, and involves both deposition and removal of extracellular matrix. These processes are independently influenced by the presence during irradiation of WR-2721. <24> UI - 89023750 AU - Ohsaki K AU - Yamashita S AU - Fujita A AU - Masuda Y AU - Ueda S AU - Sugiura T AU - Tamura K AU - Shibata A IN - Division of Clinical Otology, University Hospital, School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Japan. TI - Mechanism of bone destruction due to middle ear cholesteatoma as revealed by laser-Raman spectrometry. SO - American Journal of Otolaryngology 1988 May-Jun;9(3):117-26 AB - In an investigation of the mechanism of bone destruction caused by chronic otitis media complicated with cholesteatoma, both the processes of demineralization and remineralization were studied in an animal model and clinically at the molecular level, using a laser-Raman spectrometer. From this investigation, it is proposed that the mechanism of bone destruction associated with cholesteatoma is a form of demineralization. <25> UI - 88310956 AU - Brudevold F AU - Goulet D AU - Attarzadeh F AU - Tehrani A IN - Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, Mass. TI - Demineralization potential of different concentrations of gelatinized wheat starch. SO - Caries Research 1988;22(4):204-9 AB - Six subjects wore intraoral devices carrying bovine enamel blocks covered with a layer of Streptococcus mutans. They swished solutions of 5% glucose or maltose, or sols or gels of 3, 5, 10, 15, or 20% gelatinized wheat starch in the mouth for 3 X 1 min. Demineralization was measured after 45 min by determining the change in iodide permeability (delta Ip) of the enamel. Spittings of the administered materials and samples of saliva, taken at intervals during the test, were analyzed for maltose, and the time of clearance was calculated. Demineralization was greatest for glucose followed by maltose, the starch gels, and the sols. The latter gave close to zero scores. The salivary clearance time increased with increase in concentration of the starch. Although the starch was hydrolyzed rapidly in the mouth, its oral retentiveness was greater than that of the maltose rinse. Demineralization was closely correlated with the final pH of the S. mutans cell layer. The data indicate that the starch in baked or cooked foods may have a significant demineralization potential and that it enhances oral retentiveness. <26> UI - 88310954 AU - Kashket S AU - Brudevold F AU - Yaskell T AU - Makonnen M IN - Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, Mass. TI - Increased permeability of enamel to iodide ions following the ingestion of cookies varying in sucrose or fat content. SO - Caries Research 1988;22(4):193-8 AB - Experiments showed that the intraoral iodide permeability (Ip) method can be used in a reproducible and sensitive manner with solid foods. Ingestion of 5-gram portions of cookies made with defined concentrations of sucrose or fat led to an increased Ip (due to demineralization) of Streptococcus mutans-covered bovine enamel blocks in vivo. Demineralization increased with time to a maximum of 45 min, and the pH of the plaque dropped accordingly. Continued exposure in the mouth beyond 45 min led to an elevation of the pH and a decrease in delta Ip consistent with remineralization of the enamel. Control blocks worn without ingestion of cookies exhibited negative delta Ip values. Demineralization increased with increasing sucrose content of the cookies and reached a plateau when cookies containing 1.08 g sucrose per morsel were administered. Cookies prepared without added sucrose gave a high delta Ip. High fat content raised the delta Ip when sucrose was low. These findings are consistent with clinical and other observations, and emphasize the complex relation between foods and enamel demineralization. <27> UI - 88339594 AU - Pekovic DD AU - Adamkiewicz VW AU - Gornitsky M IN - Dental Department, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. TI - Immunoglobulins in human dental caries. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1988;33(2):135-41 AB - The penetration and complement fixation of sIgA, IgM and IgG were studied in advanced human dental caries with double-staining immunofluorescence technique. Immunoglobulins were found in dental plaque and in the superficial layers of the lesions which were exposed to saliva. sIgA was the most frequent, followed by IgG and IgM. IgG had the greatest capacity for penetration into the lesions, followed by IgM and sIgA. IgM was most frequently found in association with complement C3. <28> UI - 88295402 AU - Phillipou G AU - Seaborn CJ AU - Phillips PJ IN - Endocrine and Diabetes Laboratory, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia. TI - Re-evaluation of the fructosamine reaction. SO - Clinical Chemistry 1988 Aug;34(8):1561-4 AB - The difference in spectral characteristics between 1-deoxy-1-morpholinofructose (DMF) and protein/plasma samples in the fructosamine reaction has been related to the solubility of the diformazan formed by reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium chloride. Addition of the surfactant Triton X-100 (20 g/L) to the reagent buffer not only corrects this anomaly but also enhances the absolute response. Detailed investigation of DMF and dihydroxyacetone as calibration standards for the reaction established a clear preference for the latter. Fundamental differences in reaction kinetics were also noted between the Amadori rearrangement products of glucose formed from morpholine (DMF) or the amino lysine groups of protein (glycated albumin). From the reactivity of dihydroxyacetone, as well as glyceraldehyde, observed in the fructosamine reaction, and the presence of this class of compounds (trioses) in human plasma, we infer that they may also contribute to the differentiation of diabetic and non-diabetic samples. <29> UI - 88305670 AU - Torell P IN - Public Dental Service of Gothenburg, Sweden. TI - Iron and dental caries. SO - Swedish Dental Journal 1988;12(3):113-24 AB - Studies of human and animal caries, experiments in vitro and laboratory reports initiated the present study of a possible caries preventing effect of iron. The study comprises two sections. (I) Coatings on teeth of hamsters treated with iron salts and films formed on various solutions containing ferrous ions were examined with scanning electron microscopy and x-ray fluorescence analysis. (II) Enamel surface layers, remineralized caries lesions, fluorosed rat bone, coatings on teeth of hamsters treated with iron salts and films formed on solutions containing ferrous ions were examined with transmitting electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Based on the findings the following effects were visualized. When brought into the mouth, even in small amounts, iron ions will be precipitated on the enamel surface as thin acid resistant coatings containing gels and crystals of hydrous iron oxides. In addition, by adsorbing salivary calcium and phosphate ions these iron compounds seem to be able to nucleate the formation of apatites, thus mediating a replacement of minerals, which have been dissolved during the acid phases of the caries process. <30> UI - 88296255 AU - Iskander KG AU - el Beheri S AU - el Kersh T TI - Effect of topically applied fluoride, iodide and their combination on dental caries and oral flora in rats. SO - Egyptian Dental Journal 1987 Jul;33(3):281-94 <31> UI - 88149787 AU - Angmar-Mansson B AU - ten Bosch JJ TI - Optical methods for the detection and quantification of caries. SO - Advances in Dental Research 1987 Oct;1(1):14-20 <32> UI - 88127018 AU - Jones SJ AU - Boyde A IN - Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, England. TI - Scanning microscopic observations on dental caries. SO - Scanning Microscopy 1987 Dec;1(4):1991-2002 AB - This paper presents findings made using special techniques of imaging and/or of specimen preparation to investigate the changes in tooth structure which occur in caries. We have studied both coronal and root caries in enamel, dentine and cementum using scanning electron and confocal scanning optical microscopy. In preparation for backscattered electron (BSE) imaging in the SEM, teeth were stored in 70% ethanol until further dehydration in ethanol and embedding in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Longitudinally cut surfaces were diamond polished and coated with carbon or silver before BSE imaging. Important changes in the distribution of densities in both enamel and dentine occurred during caries, and could be correlated with prior published studies using polarised light and microradiography to study demineralization in these tissues. However, the resolution of the BSE imaging technique is much higher than that of these previous methods. A new method was used for demonstrating local variations in microhardness with special relevance to the changes occurring in dental caries. Sectioned surfaces were subjected to treatment with a jet of soft abrasive particles, resulting in the selective removal of carious enamel, and enhanced removal of carious dentine. The tandem scanning reflected light microscope (ISRLM) has also been shown to be useful in characterising the spread of caries in the dental tissues. Teeth only need to be cut once, because the image is formed on looking into a bulk specimen. Fluorescent dyes can be used to study the distribution of pore volume, making use of the high resolution in depth of this confocal microscope. <33> UI - 88087445 AU - Chakrabarty S AU - Brattain MG AU - Ochs RL AU - Varani J IN - Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030. TI - Modulation of fibronectin, laminin, and cellular adhesion in the transformation and differentiation of murine AKR fibroblasts. SO - Journal of Cellular Physiology 1987 Dec;133(3):415-25 AB - The functional relationship between membrane/cell surface expression of fibronectin and laminin and transformation/differentiation was examined in an AKR mouse fibroblastic cell model. This model consisted of the untransformed AKR-2B cells, their chemically transformed counterpart (AKR-MCA cells) and the chemically differentiated form of the AKR-MCA cells. The transformed AKR-MCA cells were found to express more surface laminin and less fibronectin than the untransformed AKR-2B cells. The transformed AKR-MCA cells were slower to attach and spread on both plastic and type IV collagen-coated dishes in comparison to the AKR-2B cells. However, a higher percentage of the AKR-MCA cells ultimately attached and spread on the type IV collagen-coated dishes. The induction of differentiation in the AKR-MCA cells by N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) restored fibronectin to the surface of the AKR-MCA cells but reduced laminin expression only slightly. The DMF-treated AKR-MCA cells resembled the AKR-2B cells in that they rapidly attached and spread on plastic dishes and dishes coated with type IV collagen. They also resembled the AKR-MCA cells in that a high proportion ultimately attached and spread on the collagen-coated dishes. <34> UI - 88010324 AU - Pekovic DD AU - Adamkiewicz VW AU - Shapiro A AU - Gornitsky M IN - Dental Department, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. TI - Identification of bacteria in association with immune components in human carious dentin. SO - Journal of Oral Pathology 1987 May;16(5):223-33 AB - Actinomyces viscosus, A. naselundii, Streptococcus mutans serotype "c" and S. mutans serotype "d/g" were identified in human carious dentin using histological and immunofluorescent techniques. A. viscosus was most frequently found in association with patient's immunoglobulins and complement, followed by S. mutans serotype "d/g", S. mutans serotype "c", and A. naeslundii. <35> UI - 87309136 AU - Somerman MJ AU - Nathanson MA AU - Sauk JJ AU - Manson B TI - Human dentin matrix induces cartilage formation in vitro by mesenchymal cells derived from embryonic muscle. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1987 Oct;66(10):1551-8 AB - Dentin matrix was assayed for its potential to elicit chondrogenesis of mesenchymal cells in vitro. The substratum was prepared by demineralization of human tooth root dentin, while embryonic thigh muscle was used as a source of mesenchymal cells. Formation of chondrocytes from mesenchymal cells occurred in the presence of dentin matrix, and in the same sequence as previously shown with substrata of demineralized bone. <36> UI - 87324750 AU - Lahmy S AU - Salmon JM AU - Viallet P TI - Effect of ellipticine on MFO activity in single living 3T3 fibroblasts studied by microspectrofluorimetry. SO - Anticancer Research 1987 May-Jun;7(3 Pt B):353-9 AB - The MFO activity in intact cells was monitored through microspectrofluorimetry study of BaP metabolization. This approach allowed observation of individual cells in a cell population to represent the studied samples through histograms as a function either of rate constants or of "residual BaP". The inhibitory effect of ellipticine was demonstrated on intact living 3T3 fibroblasts. The role of DMF dissolution and cellular localisation of compounds were also studied. <37> UI - 87279252 AU - Teicher BA AU - Holden SA AU - Cathcart KN TI - Efficacy of Pt(Rh-123)2 as a radiosensitizer with fractionated X rays. SO - International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 1987 Aug;13(8):1217-24 AB - The complex of tetrachloroplatinate and rhodamine-123, Pt(Rh-123)2 has demonstrated cytotoxic and antitumor effects and radiosensitizing potential in vitro and in vivo. Using the FSaIIC in vivo-in vitro tumor system, tumor cell survival indicated a dose modifying factor (DMF) of 1.51 due to the addition of Pt(Rh-123)2. Pt(Rh-123)2 was added to two fractionated radiation protocols. The drug was administered by i.p. injection on three different multiple injection schedules, each reaching a cumulative dose of 75 mg/kg in those groups receiving the maximum treatment. Radiation was delivered in 3 Gy fractions in the morning and afternoon or daily for five days. Pt(Rh-123)2 was administered daily at 25 or 15 mg/kg or on alternate days at 25 mg/kg. The DMFs obtained ranged from 1.8 +/- 0.2 to 1.25 +/- 0.1. The pharmacokinetics of [195mPt]-Pt(Rh-123)2 after i.p. injection of 100 mg/kg of the drug were characterized in mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma using a two compartment model. The total exposure of the lung carcinoma to the drug as reflected by the area under the concentration vs. time curve was 1.5 times greater than that of the normal lung tissue. The formation of DNA cross-links and single strand breaks in SCC-25 cells exposed to Pt(Rh-123)2 (100 microM) and 6 Gy under normally oxygenated and hypoxic conditions immediately following treatment or 6 hours later were measured by DNA alkaline elution. Over the time course, the level of DNA cross-linking increased in the normally oxygenated cells by 1.5-fold and the hypoxic cells by 4-fold. The overall effects of Pt(Rh-123)2 in the presence of radiation results from both DNA cross-linking and single strand breaks. <38> UI - 87250951 AU - Yoneyama Y AU - Lever JE TI - Apical trehalase expression associated with cell patterning after inducer treatment of LLC-PK1 monolayers. SO - Journal of Cellular Physiology 1987 Jun;131(3):330-41 AB - Trehalase, a differentiation-specific marker of renal proximal tubule brush border membrane, is expressed in confluent long-term cultures of the renal epithelial cell line LLC-PK1. The level of trehalase is greatly increased after treatment of cultures with differentiation inducers such as hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), accompanied by increases in other apical membrane-associated differentiated functions (Yoneyama and Lever: J. Cell. Physiol. 121: 64-73, 1984). In the present study, we utilize a polyclonal antibody specific for renal trehalase to demonstrate that trehalase expression induced in LLC-PK1 cultures after HMBA treatment is localized in cells forming a three-dimensional network of strands across the confluent monolayer. The antitrehalase antibody recognized an apical membrane antigen of apparent molecular weight 100-110 kD both in LLC-PK1 cultures and in the corresponding pig renal brush border membranes. Strand formation and total trehalase activity increased in parallel as a function of inducer concentration and duration of exposure. Strand formation and trehalase expression were also greatly enhanced in monolayers grown on a Nuclepore filter support even in the absence of inducer. Strand formation was not a prerequisite for induced trehalase expression in culture, since strands did not develop in cultures treated with N, N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) and equally potent inducer of trehalase expression. In this case, cells which expressed increased levels of trehalase were dispersed at random over the monolayer. Induction of strand formation and trehalase expression by HMBA required a minimum exposure period of 48 hr and persisted up to a week after removal of inducer. By contrast, the response to DMF required continuous presence of inducer. Levels of trehalase declined even in the continuous presence of inducer in local regions of low cell density created by wound-repair of the monolayer. In addition to the membrane-bound form, trehalase activity was also recoverable from the culture medium, but release of trehalase was not affected by inducers. These observations are consistent with the view that a cell type committed to express a program of differentiation after HMBA treatment or growth on a permeable support is organized in specific cell patterns visible as strands over the confluent cell monolayer. <39> UI - 87145830 AU - Rossi R AU - Rossi L AU - Mortara MC TI - [Sealants in prevention]. [Italian] SO - Parodontologia e Stomatologia (Nuova) 1986 May-Aug;25(2):157-60 <40> UI - 87118818 AU - Pechatnikov VA AU - Afanas'ev VN AU - Korol' BA AU - Korneev VN AU - Umanskii SR TI - [Quantitative analysis of the effect of cysteamine on interphase cell death by flow cytometry]. [Russian] SO - Radiobiologiia 1986 Nov-Dec;26(6):798-800 AB - The method of flow cytofluorometry was used to study the radioprotective effect of cysteamine on cells dying in the interphase. DMF was 1.67, 1.67, and 1.76 for thymus, spleen, and bone marrow, respectively. <41> UI - 86322883 AU - Lee SM AU - Freer TJ AU - Basford KE TI - Microleakage at the etched enamel-resin interface with bonded orthodontic brackets. SO - Australian Orthodontic Journal 1986 Mar;9(3):270-5 <42> UI - 86285193 AU - ten Bosch JJ AU - Roodenburg JL TI - [Use of lasers in dentistry]. [Dutch] SO - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Tandheelkunde 1986 May;93(5):177-83 <43> UI - 86197083 AU - Toth A AU - Beck FM AU - Beck EX AU - Flaxman N AU - Rosen S TI - Effect of antimicrobial agents on root surface caries, alveolar bone loss, and microflora in rice rats. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1986 May;65(5):695-7 AB - Two antimicrobial agents, 9-aminoacridine (0.2%) and minocycline (0.2%), were evaluated for their efficacy in inhibiting root surface caries, bone loss, and microflora in rice rats. A solution of 5000 ppm fluoride was used as a positive control for the inhibition of root surface caries, and double-distilled water was used as a negative control group. Each rat was treated by having its molar teeth swabbed 2 X per day with the prescribed agent in its group for nine weeks. Root caries reduction in the minocycline and fluoride groups was not significantly different, but the reduction was significantly greater than in the 9-aminoacridine group, with the caries score in all three groups being significantly less than that in the water control. Bone loss reduction for the minocycline group was significantly greater than that for any other group. <44> UI - 86191145 AU - Lukinmaa PL AU - Ranta H AU - Ranta K AU - Peltonen L AU - Hietanen J TI - Demineralization of dentin with EDTA in organic solvent: immunofluorescence of collagen in osteogenesis imperfecta and normal teeth. SO - Collagen & Related Research 1985 Dec;5(6):505-12 AB - The immunofluorescence of dentin collagen(s) after demineralization with ethanolic trimethylammonium ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EtOH-TMA-EDTA) was studied using normal deciduous teeth, and deciduous and permanent teeth from three patients with Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Sections of the demineralized teeth were immunostained with anti type I, III and IV collagen sera. Preservation of the antigenicity of the collagens after treatment with EtOH-TMA-EDTA was confirmed by staining of the soft tissue controls. Anti type I collagen sera stained the normal dentin matrix peritubularly only. In OI, a homogeneous fluorescence of the mantle dentin and the dentin zone surrounding the abnormal canal-like structures was observed. With anti type III collagen serum, the normal dentin matrix failed to stain. In OI, the staining pattern was a narrow halo surrounding the canal-like structures. Alteration in the collagen or the noncollagenous components of the dentin matrix may explain the staining reactions of the various collagens in OI. <45> UI - 86187204 AU - Chicco N TI - [White spot, red light]. [Italian] SO - Attualita Dentale 1985 Mar 10;1(1):32-3 <46> UI - 86064863 AU - Janczuk Z AU - Syrynska M AU - Jarzynka W TI - [Evaluation of the effect of the work environment on the state of the oral cavity]. [Polish] SO - Medycyna Pracy 1985;36(2):145-50 AB - 2439 men and employed in 4 industrial plants of Szczecin area had their masticatory system examined. Onto the cards prepared for electronic data processing the information has been written on: oral cavity caries (IMF), oral mucosa membrane, periodontium, parafunction and T.M.J. dysfunction. The main exposure factors of those plants have been determined, namely: welding gas, aromatic hydrocarbons, fluorine compounds, and copper dusts. The IMF values, oral hygiene, periodontal diseases as well as the TMJ-dysfunction in the test workers have been found to be approximately similar to the relevant values of other populations and to vary with sex, age or poor hygienic conditions. On the other hand, the prevalence of oral leukoplakia and parafunction seems to be dependent on the working environment. <47> UI - 86026797 AU - Sismondi P AU - Aimone V AU - Genta F AU - Voglino G AU - Deltetto F AU - Giardina G AU - Botta G AU - Ghiringhello B AU - Mano MP AU - Zola P AU - et al TI - Prognostic value of estrogen receptors determined by radiochemical vs. histochemical methods in breast cancer. SO - Breast Cancer Research & Treatment 1985;6(1):67-73 AB - Estrogen receptors (ER) were evaluated in 634 breast cancer patients by the dextran-coated charcoal method (DCC). In 206, ER and progesterone receptors (PR) were also tested by cytochemistry (Lee method), and in 124 ER were tested by immunofluorescence (Pertschuk method). The median follow-up is 3.7 years. Comparisons have been made between receptor content and: anatomical and clinical features, disease-free survival (DFS), and survival. The following conclusions can be drawn: there is no correlation between ER determinations by DCC and by immunofluorescence or cytochemical methods; there is no evidence of association between ER and PR determined by Lee's method and anatomical and clinical features; a highly significant positive association was found between ER rich specimens and age, post-menopausal status, lobular and tubular histologic types; there is no association between ER values and TNM stage, WHO grading, pathologic prognostic factors of primary tumor and of lymph nodes; and the DFS was not affected by ER status, except for tumors with more than 50 fmol/mg protein. <48> UI - 86027426 AU - Stephen KW AU - Strang R TI - Fissure sealants: a review. [Review] [43 refs] SO - Community Dental Health 1985 Jun;2(2):149-56 <49> UI - 85280145 AU - Mitropoulos CM TI - A comparison of fibre-optic transillumination with bitewing radiographs. SO - British Dental Journal 1985 Jul 6;159(1):21-3 <50> UI - 85273949 AU - Shimura F TI - [Dental health screening using the quantity of transmitted light from laser beams]. [Japanese] SO - Tsurumi Shigaku - Tsurumi University Dental Journal 1985 Jan;11(1):201-17 <51> UI - 85245233 AU - Sundstrom F AU - Fredriksson K AU - Montan S AU - Hafstrom-Bjorkman U AU - Strom J TI - Laser-induced fluorescence from sound and carious tooth substance: spectroscopic studies. SO - Swedish Dental Journal 1985;9(2):71-80 AB - Fluorescence spectra of dentine and enamel illuminated with laser light of wavelengths of 337, 488, 515 and 633 nm respectively were recorded. The fluorescence obtained by illumination with UV laser light at 337 nm had a peak at about 400 nm in dentine as well as enamel. Compared to intact enamel the fluorescence from enamel with initial carious lesions was of lower intensity and had a slight red shift. No fluorescence within the visible range was obtained by illumination with a low power He-Ne laser at 633 nm. Illumination at 488 nm produced fluorescence with a peak at about 540 nm in dentine as well as enamel. The difference in the intensity of fluorescence between sound and carious enamel was generally greater at this wavelength than at any of the others tried, and the red shift from the carious enamel was also more pronounced. Illumination at 515 nm produced fluorescence of similar wavelengths but with much less difference between intact and carious enamel. It was concluded that illumination at 488 nm was the most suitable wavelength of those investigated for the detection of initial carious lesions by the fluorescence technique. <52> UI - 85152786 AU - Richardson ML AU - Genant HK AU - Cann CE AU - Ettinger B AU - Gordan GS AU - Kolb FO AU - Reiser UJ TI - Assessment of metabolic bone diseases by quantitative computed tomography. SO - Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research 1985 May;(195):224-38 AB - Advances in the radiologic sciences have permitted the development of numerous noninvasive techniques for measuring the mineral content of bone, with varying degrees of precision, accuracy, and sensitivity. The techniques of standard radiography, radiogrammetry, photodensitometry, Compton scattering, neutron activation analysis, single and dual photon absorptiometry, and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) are described and reviewed in depth. Results from previous cross-sectional and longitudinal QCT investigations are given. They then describe a current investigation in which they studied 269 subjects, including 173 normal women, 34 patients with hyperparathyroidism, 24 patients with steroid-induced osteoporosis, and 38 men with idiopathic osteoporosis. Spinal quantitative computed tomography, radiogrammetry, and single photon absorptiometry were performed, and a spinal fracture index was calculated on all patients. The authors found a disproportionate loss of spinal trabecular mineral compared to appendicular mineral in the men with idiopathic osteoporosis and the patients with steroid-induced osteoporosis. They observed roughly equivalent mineral loss in both the appendicular and axial regions in the hyperparathyroid patients. The appendicular cortical measurements correlated moderately well with each other but less well with spinal trabecular QCT. The spinal fracture index correlated well with QCT and less well with the appendicular measurements. Knowledge of appendicular cortical mineral status is important in its own right but is not a valid predictor of axial trabecular mineral status, which may be disproportionately decreased in certain diseases. Quantitative CT provides a reliable means of assessing the latter region of the skeleton, correlates well with the spinal fracture index (a semiquantitative measurement of end-organ failure), and offers the clinician a sensitive means of following the effects of therapy. <53> UI - 85132121 AU - Torstenson B AU - Brannstrom M AU - Mattsson B TI - A new method for sealing composite resin contraction gaps in lined cavities. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1985 Mar;64(3):450-3 AB - Composite resin restorations are often applied in cavities where cervical margins are left unetched, resulting in poorer adaptation in this area. Recent experiments have indicated the possibility of impregnating with resin the gap caused by polymerization contraction. Cavities were prepared in vitro and in vivo. A thin liner was applied inside and outside the cavity. Except for the cervical wall, enamel margins were bevelled and acid-etched, and the cavities restored with Concise Enamel Bond and Composite. In another series, cavities with unetched enamel were restored. Since the liner was placed outside the cavity margins, excess material could be removed without blockage of the air-filled gap. Enamel Bond with a fluorescent additive was applied to various margins. Ground sections were prepared, and the penetration of this resin into the gap was examined with a microscope. In most teeth, the resin penetrated from 0.5 to 2 mm from the cervical margins. Similar penetration was seen from unetched margins, except for the occlusal one. No penetration was seen at acid-etched margins. By impregnating gaps with low-viscous resin after the filling has cured, one can obtain an improved seal at unetched margins. <54> UI - 85129825 AU - Duba VV AU - Pitkevich VA AU - Selyova NG AU - Petrova IV AU - Myasnik MN TI - The formation of photoreactivable damage by direct excitation of DNA in X-irradiated E. coli cells. SO - International Journal of Radiation Biology & Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry & Medicine 1985 Jan;47(1):49-56 AB - The role of the direct excitation process in the formation of photoreactivable damage (pyrimidine dimers) in E. coli WP2 hcr-exr- cells has been studied. The pyrimidine dimers were detected by photoreactivation following anoxic irradiation by X-rays (220 kVp). The dose modifying factor (DMF) is 1.28 +/- 0.09. A biophysical model is used for a theoretical examination of the importance of the direct excitation process in the formation of photoreactivable damage and the experimental data are consistent with this model. <55> UI - 85131256 AU - Shepard N AU - Mitchell N TI - Ultrastructural modifications of proteoglycans coincident with mineralization in local regions of rat growth plate. SO - Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery - American Volume 1985 Mar;67(3):455-64 AB - We carried out histochemical and electron-microscopic studies to examine the relationship between mineral deposition and changes in the organization of proteoglycans during mineralization in the cartilaginous growth plate of the rat. To preserve the distribution and organization of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix and to stain proteoglycans, acridine orange was included in the solutions that were used for fixation and demineralization. In undecalcified sections, mineral crystals that initially appeared at the level of the penultimate hypertrophic chondrocyte grew into dense, spherical mineral clusters, roughly one micrometer in diameter, in the longitudinal septa of the lowermost hypertrophic zone. Following the removal of mineral with EDTA in the presence of acridine orange, proteoglycan structures with a characteristic rosette-like architecture were revealed within the matrix of the longitudinal septa of the lower hypertrophic zone. The location of these rosette-like proteoglycan structures was identical to that of the dense, spherical mineral clusters in the undemineralized controls, and they were remarkably similar in morphology and size. In the electron micrographs stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, the greatly increased density of the rosette-like structures and large diameter of the proteoglycan structures located in mineral clusters contrasted sharply with the slender strands of more faintly stained proteoglycan that was diffusely distributed throughout most of the extracellular matrix. X-ray microprobe analysis for sulphur confirmed the existence of proteoglycans in the rosette-like structures and demonstrated that the concentration of proteoglycans was selectively increased in these regions. The cores of the metaphyseal calcified cartilage also exhibited rosette-like proteoglycan structures, which before demineralization were totally obscured by the diffuse, dense homogeneous deposition of mineral. Without stabilization of the proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix with acridine orange, the rosette-like proteoglycan structures could not be demonstrated. These results clearly indicate that there is a selective increase in the concentration of proteoglycans in exactly the same regions where mineral clusters are formed in the hypertrophic zone of the cartilaginous growth plate. <56> UI - 86027414 AU - Mitropoulos CM AU - Worthington HV TI - The effect of different light sources on measuring the prevalence of dental caries. SO - Community Dental Health 1984 Jul;1(2):111-4 <57> UI - 85305716 AU - Corvetti G AU - Cameron-Curry P AU - Sisto Daneo L AU - Marini R AU - Modica F TI - Immunohistochemical localization of fibronectin in structures of the human oral cavity: dental pulp and gingiva. SO - Archives d Anatomie Microscopique et de Morphologie Experimentale 1984;73(4):205-15 AB - The distribution of fibronectin (FN) in the dental pulp and gingiva of the human adult was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence and indirect immunoperoxidase techniques. FN could not be demonstrated in the connective tissue of the dental pulp even in the blood vessels. On the contrary, a positive stain was obtained in the ground substance at the base of the odontoblast cell bodies and in various structures of a denticle which was accidentally found in the pulp of one of the examined teeth. The lack of FN in the dental pulp could mean that this tissue, sometimes considered to be of an immature and undifferentiated type, is instead a mature one. The subepithelial connective tissue and the epithelium of the gingiva were examined. The distribution of FN in the connective tissue of the gingiva was found to be similar to that described in other types of connective tissue; high concentrations were found both in the epithelial cells and around them. This finding is described here for the first time and remains to be verified in other types of stratified epithelia. <58> UI - 85001948 AU - Brudevold F AU - Attarzadeh F AU - Tehrani A AU - van Houte J AU - Russo J TI - Development of a new intraoral demineralization test. SO - Caries Research 1984;18(5):421-9 <59> UI - 84265515 AU - Meiers JC AU - Schachtele CF TI - Fissure removal and needle scraping for evaluation of the bacteria in occlusal fissures of human teeth. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1984 Aug;63(8):1051-5 AB - The bacterial counts obtained with a needle-scrape method for collecting plaque samples from human occlusal fissures with incipient caries were compared with the microflora remaining in the fissures as determined with a fissure removal method. Scraping of six fissures with a sterile needle recovered only 18.2% of the total recovered fissure flora. The needle-scrape method failed to detect specific cariogenic bacteria which were present in four of the fissures. Treatment of nine fissures with an antibacterial solution demonstrated that the needle method failed to detect viable bacteria in eight of the fissures which were subsequently shown to contain bacteria by fissure removal. The commonly used needle-scraping method does not appear adequate for studies on the effect of antimicrobial agents on fissure plaque. <60> UI - 84182400 AU - Rivera F AU - Medina F AU - Ramirez P AU - Alcocer J AU - Vilaclara G AU - Robles E TI - Pathogenic and free-living protozoa cultured from the nasopharyngeal and oral regions of dental patients. SO - Environmental Research 1984 Apr;33(2):428-40 AB - Protozoa of nose, mouth, and pharynx of 30 randomly chosen female caries patients at an odontological clinic of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, were surveyed by culture from swabs. Culture tubes of swabs from each patient were observed every other day during 5 weeks. Pathogenic protozoa found included Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903; Naegleria fowleri Carter, 1970; Acanthamoeba castelanii Douglas, 1930; Acanthamoeba culbertsoni Singh & Das, 1970; and Balantidium coli (Malmsten, 1857) Stein, 1862. This isolation of pathogens suggests that healthy patients may be healthy carriers of cysts of protozoa, mainly amoebae, responsible for several diseases, including primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Small pathogenic free-living amoebae have not been isolated before from females in Mexico. Many species of free-living protozoa were also cultured from swabs from the patients. <61> UI - 84162919 AU - Brannstrom M AU - Torstenson B AU - Nordenvall KJ TI - The initial gap around large composite restorations in vitro: the effect of etching enamel walls. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1984 May;63(5):681-4 AB - Composite resin restorations in cavities are generally associated with the development of a contraction gap during the first minutes after insertion. Enamel-Bond-Concise composite restoration were placed on both approximal sides of extracted pre-molars. The cervical walls of all cavities extended beyond the enamel-cement junction. The enamel walls of one of the cavities in each tooth were acid-etched. The contraction gap was kept air-filled and open at the margin through the use of a special technique. Enamel Bond resin with a fluorescent additive was applied to occlusal and cervical margins of the restorations. The fluorescent resin was "passively" drawn into the gap. In unetched cavities, resin penetrated both cervical and occlusal gaps and some areas of the gap at the axial wall. In cavities with etched enamel, the penetration occurred only at the cervical wall. The distance of penetration from the cervical margin varied from 1 to 6.5 mm, and the width of the contraction gap filled with the fluorescent resin varied from 3.5 to 16 micron. Comparison of the width of the gap at the cervical wall in etched and unetched cavities suggested larger gaps for etched cavities. The method used offers a new technique for the measurement of the contraction gaps around composite resin restorations. <62> UI - 84136602 AU - Mertz-Fairhurst EJ TI - Current status of sealant retention and caries prevention. SO - Journal of Dental Education 1984 Feb;48(2 Suppl):18-26 <63> UI - 84112223 AU - Meiers JC AU - Schachtele CF TI - The effect of an antibacterial solution on the microflora of human incipient fissure caries. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1984 Jan;63(1):47-51 AB - A technique for collecting various levels of plaque from incipient occlusal fissure caries was used to evaluate the antibacterial properties of a solution containing I2-KI, CuSO4, and ethanol. In comparison with control fissures (n = 6), the treated fissures (n = 9) showed a 98% difference in recoverable bacteria, with the killing of S. mutans, Actinomyces, and lactobacilli appearing to reflect the level of agent penetration. <64> UI - 84097341 AU - Bjorvatn K TI - In vitro study by fluorescence microscopy and microradiography of tetracycline-tooth interaction. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1983 Dec;91(6):417-24 AB - The administration of tetracycline to the growing child may cause discoloration and hypoplasia in developing teeth. Whether tetracycline may also cause changes in fully mineralized enamel and dentin, is still a matter of discussion. The present investigation examines the in vitro reaction between tetracycline chloride and enamel and dentin of extracted human teeth. Specimens were immersed in 0.5 mg/ml to 20 mg/ml aqueous tetracycline solutions. After 24 hr the specimens were sectioned and studied by fluorescence microscopy and microradiography. The tetracycline solutions, which were all very acidic, were found to cause 1) demineralization of enamel and dentin, 2) incorporation of fluorescent material in enamel and, notably, dentin; and 3) formation of yellow, rhombohedral crystals on dental surfaces, especially in the more concentrated solutions. No fluorescence was seen in totally demineralized dentin. The findings indicate that the incorporation of tetracycline into enamel and dentin is caused by physiochemical processes that may take place regardless of the developmental stage of the mineralized tissues. <65> UI - 84018527 AU - Karal'nik DM AU - Poiurovskaia IIa AU - Chechina GN AU - Titov VV AU - Kuznetsova GS TI - [Laboratory and clinical study of the dental sealant Folakor]. [Russian] SO - Stomatologiia 1983 Jul-Aug;62(4):22-5 <66> UI - 84008703 AU - Amdur BH AU - Brudevold F AU - Tehrani A TI - The effect of enamel de- and remineralization on permeability to iodide and urea. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1983 Oct;62(10):1067-8 AB - Blocks of bovine enamel subjected to de- and remineralization were measured for changes in permeability to iodide and urea. Results were similar, indicating that the diffusion pathways for the two species were comparable, and that sites for iodide binding did not appear to exit. <67> UI - 83300948 AU - Durand RE AU - Olive PL TI - Flow cytometry techniques for studying cellular thiols. SO - Radiation Research 1983 Sep;95(3):456-70 AB - Cellular thiols, and especially glutathione, act as scavenger nucleophiles and can protect against toxicity, mutagenicity, or transformation by ionizing radiation and many carcinogens. Development of a rapid assay to quantitate the cellular content of thiols could thus be useful in assessing or predicting cellular risk to damage. Several fluorescent thiol-reactive drugs, usually maleimide or bromobimane derivatives, have been described for use in histopathology. Most of these agents do not distinguish between protein and nonprotein thiols, and virtually all of these fluorescent stains have normally been used after fixation of the cells or tissues. We have found that some of the probes will, however, rapidly penetrate and bind within viable cells with little associated cytotoxicity; the amount bound can be easily quantified using flow cytometry. We have used several of these agents, in conjunction with fluorescence-activated cell sorting in V79 spheroids, to examine the thiol content of cells as a function of their depth or position in the spheroid. Additionally, the radiation response of cells from different depths has been assessed following addition of exogenous thiols including glutathione and WR-2721, or after treatment with thiol-depleting agents, including DL-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), diethylmaleate (DEM), and dimethylfumarate (DMF). Our studies indicate that examination of the thiol content and radiation response of the sorted cells provides an improved understanding of the modes of action of these compounds. <68> UI - 83268383 AU - Wilder AD AU - May KN Jr AU - Leinfelder KF TI - Three-year clinical study of UV-cured composite resins in posterior teeth. SO - Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 1983 Jul;50(1):26-30 AB - Four proprietary composite resins cured with ultraviolet light were inserted into Class I and II cavity preparations. The restorations were evaluated over a 3-year period for color match, interfacial staining, secondary caries, loss of anatomic form, marginal adaptation, and surface texture. The percent of restorations exhibiting no generalized loss of anatomic form ranged from 47% to 93%. <69> UI - 83214138 AU - Kuboki Y AU - Liu CF AU - Fusayama T TI - Mechanism of differential staining in carious dentin. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1983 Jun;62(6):713-4 AB - The caries detector, 1.0% acid red solution in propylene glycol, failed to stain EDTA-demineralized bovine dentin matrix, but stained the same matrix when treated by lactic acid in a concentration above 0.01 M. Thus, acid of bacterial origin could possibly be responsible for the stainability change of carious dentin in vivo. <70> UI - 83160088 AU - Watanabe H AU - Takehisa M AU - Iizuka H TI - The role of cellular catalase on the radiosensitization of bacterial vegetative cells by N2O. SO - International Journal of Radiation Biology & Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry & Medicine 1983 Jan;43(1):85-90 AB - The effect of N2O on eight strains of bacteria was measured in dilute suspensions. The dose-modifying factors (DMF) of N2O on M. radiodurans R1, P. radiora 0-1, M. lysodeikticus and B. pumilus E601 (vegetative cells) were 3 . 4, 2 . 9, 2 . 4 and 1 . 7, respectively. But P. radiora RP-C, P. fluorescens B3-1, E. coli B/r and E. coli K-12 were hardly sensitized by N2O. From measurements of catalase activity of each bacterium, it was found that the DMF increases with increased catalase activity, suggesting that cellular catalase promotes the sensitizing action of N2O. <71> UI - 83181841 AU - Liu DW TI - [Influence of Streptococcus mutans CY1 and diet on experimental caries in animals]. [Chinese] SO - Chung-Hua Kou Chiang Ko Tsa Chih Chinese Journal of Stomatology 1982 Dec 25;17(4):212-5 <72> UI - 83050838 AU - Hicks MJ AU - Silverstone LM TI - Fissure sealants and dental enamel. A histological study of microleakage in vitro. SO - Caries Research 1982;16(5):353-60 <73> UI - 82261117 AU - Su ZZ TI - [Study of pit and fissure fluoride sealant polymerized by ultraviolet light (author's transl)]. [Chinese] SO - Chung-Hua Kou Chiang Ko Tsa Chih Chinese Journal of Stomatology 1982;17(1):40-2 <74> UI - 82223672 AU - Marthaler TM TI - [Scientific bases for new recommendations on caries prevention with fluorides]. [German] SO - SSO: Schweizerische Monatsschrift fur Zahnheilkunde 1982 Apr;92(4):295-303 <75> UI - 82189268 AU - Roberts JG AU - DiTomasso E AU - Webber CE TI - Photon scattering measurement of calcaneal bone density: result of in vivo cross-sectional studies. SO - Investigative Radiology 1982 Jan-Feb;17(1):20-8 AB - The density of trabecular bone in the os calcis has been measured in 321 subjects using a gamma ray scattering technique. In normal subjects it was shown that density could be predicted from body weight and age with a standard error of 5.6%. It was also shown that the dependence of density upon weight and age was the same for both sexes. When the os calcis had been subjected to a greater than normal mechanical stress by either increased physical activity or excessive body weight, trabecular bone density was increased. Density was measured in 128 patients in whom the incidence of skeletal demineralization was expected to be greater than that in control subjects. Some significant reductions in density were observed. It is projected that density measurements might be of value in those situations where, in response to metabolic stress, the rate of loss of mineral from trabecular bone is greater than that from cortical bone. <76> UI - 82176658 AU - Bjelkhagen H AU - Sundstrom F AU - Angmar-Mansson B AU - Ryden H TI - Early detection of enamel caries by the luminescence excited by visible laser light. SO - Swedish Dental Journal 1982;6(1):1-7 <77> UI - 82143319 AU - Brudevold F AU - Tehrani A AU - Bakhos Y TI - Intraoral mineralization of abraded dental enamel. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1982 Mar;61(3):456-9 AB - The iodide permeability (Ip) of abraded bovine enamel increased after short exposure to an acid buffer and decreased after short exposure to a mineralizing solution. Intraoral exposure gave a marked decrease in Ip after one h and a continued lesser decrease after two and three h. In vitro exposure to fresh and dialyzed saliva and various undersaturated solutions indicated that the intraoral decrease was due to mineralization rather than to pellicle formation. Analysis of the data also indicated that part of the mineral formed intraorally was more loosely bound to the enamel than that formed from an inorganic mineralizing solution. The rapid rate of the initial phase of intraoral mineralization shown in this study reveals a powerful mechanism for protecting the dentition against demineralization. <78> UI - 82031465 AU - Jodaikin A AU - Austin JC TI - The effects of cavity smear layer removal on experimental marginal leakage around amalgam restorations. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1981 Nov;60(11):1861-6 AB - Unvarnished freshly-packed dental amalgam restorations leak initially. However, with time, a marginal seal is usually effected. It is not known whether the smear layer which forms during cavity preparation is associated with this leakage pattern. This study was undertaken to evaluate experimental marginal leakage around amalgam restorations (left in situ for one and 12 wk) which had been placed in cavities prepared with and without removal of the smear layer in vital and devitalized teeth. The cavities were obturated with two types of dental amalgams, a conventional and a dispersed-phase amalgam. The excised teeth restorations were subjected to a fluorescent dye marginal leakage experiment. All of the short-term specimens leaked severely, but some of the long-term specimens displayed significant sealing properties. No significant differences were found between the two types of amalgams. However, the non-vital tooth specimens and cavities without smear layers displayed significantly improved sealing properties. <79> UI - 82008486 AU - Brodbelt RH AU - O'Brien WJ AU - Fan PL AU - Frazer-Dib JG AU - Yu R TI - Translucency of human dental enamel. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1981 Oct;60(10):1749-53 AB - Translucency of human dental enamel was determined by total transmittance of wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm. The transmission coefficient at 525 nm was 0.481 mm-1. Total transmission of light through human dental enamel increased with increasing wavelength. Human tooth enamel is more translucent at higher wavelengths. The translucency of wet human enamel and enamel after dehydration was also measured by total transmittance. The transmission coefficient at 525 nm decreased from 0.482 to 0.313 mm-1 after dehydration and was reversed on rehydration. The decrease in translucency occurred as a result of the replacement of water around the enamel prisms by air during dehydration. <80> UI - 82011299 AU - Niinuma Y AU - Sakai T AU - Yanagihara S AU - Ushio K TI - [A modified FEP (free erythrocyte protoporphyrin) test (author's transl)]. [Japanese] SO - Sangyo Igaku - Japanese Journal of Industrial Health 1981 May;23(3):254-9 AB - In order to simplify FEP (free erythrocyte protoporphyrin) test, we studied on the Piomelli's method, specially on the preparation of standard solution and on the role of celite-saline. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMFA) was used as the solvent of protoporphyrin standard (protoporphyrin IX dimethylester, Sigma Chemical Co.). The stock solution was stable for over 6 months at 4 degrees C. To examine the recovery and extraction efficiency, the stock solution (PP) diluted with DMFA was also added to blood. Ten microliter of DMFA added to 40 microliter blood had no effect on the FEP extraction. In the absence or at low concentrations of protein components, fluorescence intensity of added protoporphyrin extremely decreased in the extract with celite-saline. It seems to be due to the adsorption of protoporphyrin to celite. In the presence of proteins, there was no difference between fluorescence intensity of protoporphyrin with celite-saline dilution extraction and that with distilled water dilution extraction. The FEP levels in 128 lead workers (blood lead levels, 4.9-80.8 micrograms/100 g) with celite-saline extraction were almost the same as with distilled water dilution extraction. Thus celite-saline dilution was able to be displaced by the distilled water dilution, and the extraction procedure was slightly simplified. With our method, the average recovery was 93% and extraction efficiency was 80-90%. <81> UI - 82010758 AU - Tuli SM AU - Gupta KB TI - Bridging of large chronic osteoperiosteal gaps by allogeneic decalcified bone matrix implants in rabbits. SO - Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care 1981 Oct;21(10):894-8 AB - A circumferential complete osteoperiosteal gap (1 to 1.5 cm) was produced in the diaphysis of ulna of rabbits, and the ipsilateral radius was kept intact. In no case did spontaneous bridging of the gap occur. By 6 weeks after the creation of the gap the bone ends became smooth and tapered towards the ipsilateral radius and the defect was observed to be filled by thin fibrous tissue. Established defects at least 6 weeks old were then bridged by inserting a snugly fitting allogeneic bone matrix implant. The bone matrix was prepared by demineralization of tubular bones from healthy rabbits, using 0.6 M HCl, preserved in 75% alcohol and used within 3 weeks. The fate of the implant was observed clinically, radiologically, histologically by tetracycline fluorescence for up to 12 weeks. Radiologic evidence of bone formation was present in a majority by 6 weeks, and complete bridging of the gap was seen in 75% of cases by 12 weeks after implantation. Most of the initial bone that formed was the woven bone, i.e., immature bone formed directly from the mesenchymal cells, or formed in membrane, though areas of enchondral ossification were also observed in some cases. By 12 weeks, the bone had remodeled almost to the texture of a mature tubular bone. Successful bridging of chronic massive bone defects by allogeneic bone-matrix was confirmed in 75% of cases. <82> UI - 81201066 AU - Sonneborn M AU - Mandelkow J TI - German studies on health effects of inorganic drinking water constituents. SO - Science of the Total Environment 1981 Apr;18:47-60 AB - The influence of drinking water quality on mortality and morbidity of various diseases has been studied for more than 20 years. From these diseases, those of the cardiovascular system have been playing a special role. Better and more specified information on the differences in the composition of drinking water may essentially contribute to a solution of the problem of association between water quality and the incidence of diseases. In more than 600 water supply areas in the Federal Republic of Germany the composition of the drinking water has been analyzed. From these data, areas of different water quality are to be selected for additional investigations of the problem of health relevance of drinking water quality. So far, the following constituents of drinking water have been measured: Na, Ca, Mg, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, SO4, PO4, NO3, NO2, Cl, F, I, etc. The methods of analysis used were atomic absorption spectrometry, plasma emission spectrometry, and ion chromatography. Additionally, more than 19 000 data on drinking water in accordance with standard analytic procedures under the Drinking Water Regulations are available in a comprehensive data bank (BIBIDAT). There have been studies establishing associations between water hardness and cardiovascular diseases but also studies which do not confirm this association or even present converse results. Also water constituents like magnesium, cadmium, etc. have been associated with cardiovascular diseases. Some investigations have shown correlations between e.g. the concentration of fluoride in drinking water and caries or iodide and goitre. <83> UI - 81162059 AU - Simpson MS TI - Effects of demineralizing tetracycline-stained human dentine. SO - Calcified Tissue International 1981;33(2):101-4 AB - In view of the belief that tetracycline is removed from bone when it is demineralized, it was decided to investigate the effect of demineralizing agents on human dentine. Teeth which had been stained in vivo with tetracycline were fixed in formalin and demineralized using mineral and organic acids and EDTA at neutral pH. When examined microscopically under ultraviolet light, the tetracycline lines in dentine, although reduced in intensity, were all still present. This indicates that formalin fixation does not appreciably alter the fluorescent effect of tetracycline in teeth and that it is not removed by demineralization. It seems likely therefore that tetracycline is incorporated in both the mineral and organic phases of human dentine. <84> UI - 81117870 AU - Alfano RR AU - Yao SS TI - Human teeth with and without dental caries studied by visible luminescent spectroscopy. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1981 Feb;60(2):120-2 AB - The visible emission spectra and fluorescent life-time from decayed and nondecayed regions of teeth were measured and compared. The spectrum from carious lesions is different from that of noncarious tooth regions. This may offer a non-X-ray method for diagnosing dental caries in humans. <85> UI - 81259994 AU - Anonymous TI - [Clinical observation of a pit and fissure sealant polymerized by ultraviolet: a 3-year report]. [Chinese] SO - Chung-Hua Kou Chiang Ko Tsa Chih Chinese Journal of Stomatology 1980 Dec;15(4):207-10 <86> UI - 81206780 AU - Foreman PC TI - The excitation and emission spectra of fluorescent components of human dentine. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1980;25(10):641-7 <87> UI - 81113299 AU - Klinger HP AU - Ruoslahti E TI - Human chromosome 11 is syntenic with human specific fibronectin production in human x mouse cell hybrids. SO - Cytogenetics & Cell Genetics 1980;28(4):271-9 AB - Evidence is presented indicating that human chromosome 11 carries a structural locus for fibronectin (FN). A panel of cell hybrids of FN fiber-producing normal human diploid cells fused with mouse A9 cells were immunofluorescence stained with species-specific, affinity purified antibodies to human FN (AHFN); similar anti-mouse FN antibodies (AMFN); and the nonspecies-specific anti-FN antiserum (AFN) which was used in an earlier study of this same hybrid panel (Eun and Klinger, 1980). All hybrids that had the human 11 produced extracellular fibers that fluoresced brightly when reacted with the AHFN and AFN. All other human chromosomes could be eliminated as being related to FN production, suggesting that the 11 caries a structural FN locus. This agrees with our earlier study in which a nonspecies-specific antiserum was used and with the preliminary report of Smith et al. (1979), who used a different cell system. The apparent discrepancy between these results and those of Owerbach et al. (1978), who reported synteny of FN with the human No. 8, was partly resolved in that one of their FN positive hybrids was found to react with our AMFN but not with the AHFN, suggesting that some other as yet undefined mechanism may be operating in their hybrids which were made with mouse LM/TK- cells. The parental mouse A9 cells of our hybrids do not produce FN fibers, although a radioimmunoassay detects a small amount of mouse FN secreted into the medium. The fibers of some of our AHFN positive hybrids also react weakly with AMFN, but none react only with AMFN. This suggests that fibers produced by these hybrids bind some mouse as well as human FN. Why this is not so in all the producers is not clear. <88> UI - 81068695 AU - Woolley JM TI - Changing oral hygiene attitudes and habits. SO - International Dental Journal 1980 Sep;30(3):249-56 AB - Up to the time of establishment (1962) of the Dental Health Education and Research Foundation, the philosophy and practice of preventive dentistry was almost unknown in Australia. Australians' dental health was generally as bad as any country in the world. Children were given little dental health instruction in schools. The majority of parents were seemingly uninformed about the need for the preservation and care of their own or their children's teeth. Dental Health Educators were trained to instruct school children in such subjects as diet, oral hygiene and plaque control. A Good Teeth Puppet Theatre was established and a special preventive dentistry orientated script written. A Mobile Dental Health Education Unit (caravan), equipped with a room darkened and lit by ultraviolet light, audiovisual instruction area and a mini laboratory, was built and set up in secondary schools. Pupils are encouraged to have their plaque disclosed using a yellow dye which becomes fluorescent when viewed under ultraviolet light; descriptive films are demonstrated and personal dental health instruction given. More than two and a half million children have participated in these programs. Evaluation studies of the school programs revealed that after six months children were able to recall more than 70% of the dental health message. Results of a recent WHO survey of the oral health status of 13-14-year-olds in Canterbury (New Zealand), Sydney (Australia), Trondelag (Norway), Yamanashi (Japan) and Hannover (West Germany) showed that the Sydney children had the lowest caries rate. The Sydney survey was carried out in the same are where the above Dental Health Education and Research Foundation community dental health programs operate. <89> UI - 81042185 AU - Shrestha BM TI - Use of ultraviolet light in early detection of smooth surface carious lesions in rats. SO - Caries Research 1980;14(6):448-51 <90> UI - 80250129 AU - Okamura K AU - Maeda M AU - Nishikawa T AU - Tsutsui M TI - Dentinal response against carious invasion: localization of antibodies in odontoblastic body and process. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1980 Aug;59(8):1368-73 AB - The pulpal origin of dentinal immunoglobulins was demonstrated by means of immunohistological methods. Immunoglobulins were located both in the cytoplasm of odontoblasts in pulp and at odontoblastic processes in dentin. Positive reactivity of the immunoglobulins to antigens was confirmed using peroxidase-immunized rabbits. IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C4 were observed on some invasive bacteria in human carious dentin. <91> UI - 80203497 AU - Hughes M AU - Machardy SM AU - Sheppard AJ AU - Woods NC TI - Evidence for an immunological relationship between Streptococcus mutans and human cardiac tissue. SO - Infection & Immunity 1980 Feb;27(2):576-88 AB - Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, indirect immunofluorescence, and radioimmunoassay were used to demonstrate that antisera from rabbits immunized with some strains of Streptococcus mutans contain antibodies that cross-react with human cardiac tissue. These rabbits were sensitized to a shocking dose of human heart antigen, and anaphylactic deaths were sometimes produced. Myocarditis was also a result of the immunization procedure. Data obtained with all five techniques were comparable. Cross-reactivity could be associated with three antigens designated ID, IF, and HL. Antigens ID and IF were major immunogens of S. mutans Ingbritt, but HL antibodies were produced only after hyperimmunization. Corss-reactivity was of an immunological nature and not the result of nonspecific factors such as bacterial Fc reactive components or antibody elicited to growth medium constituents. These findings support the hypothesis that immunization with S. mutans can induce autoimmune reactions and indicate that antigens must be selected with caution before formulating any dental caries vaccine. <92> UI - 80089890 AU - ten Bosch JJ AU - Borsboom PC AU - ten Cate JM TI - A nondestructive method for monitoring de- and remineralization of enamel. SO - Caries Research 1980;14(2):90-5 <93> UI - 80161450 AU - Takatsu T TI - [New composition of the dental caries detection solution]. [Japanese] SO - Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi - the Journal of the Stomatological Society, Japan 1979 Dec;46(4):399-400 <94> UI - 80109516 AU - Smith GA AU - Wilson NH TI - A visible light-cured composite restorative. A clinical trial. SO - British Dental Journal 1979 Oct 2;147(7):185-7 <95> UI - 80050371 AU - Okamura K AU - Tanaka A AU - Kakehi A AU - Maeda M AU - Tsutsui M TI - Plasma components in deep lesions of human carious dentin. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1979 Oct;58(10):2010 <96> UI - 79217213 AU - Brooks JD AU - Mertz-Fairhurst EJ AU - Della-Giustina VE AU - Williams JE AU - Fairhurst CW TI - A comparative study of two pit and fissure sealants: three-year results in Augusta, Ga. SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1979 Jul;99(1):42-6 AB - A total of 254 children were examined 36 months after a single application of sealant. In 128 children, 201 permanent first molars were treated with Delton, and, in 126 children, 205 permanent first molars were treated with Nuva-Seal. Delton was completely retained on 80% of all paired permanent first molars, partially retained on 10%, and completely lost on 10% of the study teeth. Nuva-Seal was completely retained on 60% of all paired permanent molars, partially retained on 21%, and completely lost on 19% of the study teeth. Delton was 69% effective in preventing occlusal caries on permanent first molars three years after a single application. Nuva-Seal was 39% effective in preventing occlusal caries on permanent first molars three years after a single application. Both sealants have been shown to prevent dental caries on permanent first molars of children three years after a single application. <97> UI - 79230338 AU - Horio T TI - Photosensitivity reaction to dibucaine. Case report and experimental induction. SO - Archives of Dermatology 1979 Aug;115(8):986-7 AB - In a 13-year-old girl, photoallergic dermatitis was caused by dibucaine hydrochloride, which was used as a local anesthetic in the treatment of her dental caries. The action spectrum for the photosensitivity reaction was in the long-wave ultraviolet (UVA) range. Spectrophotometrically, dibucaine absorbed UVA up to 380 nm, and in the vitro irradiated chemical showed an altered absorption spectrum. The agent is fluorescent under UVA light. The allergic photocontact sensitization could be experimentally induced in guinea pigs. The chemical properties and high sensitization rate of experimental induction suggested that dibucaine may be a potent photosensitizing chemical. Dibucaine should be included in routine photopatch test materials. <98> UI - 79048844 AU - Everhart DL AU - Rothenberg K AU - Carter WH Jr AU - Klapper B TI - The determination of antibody to Streptococcus mutans serotypes in saliva for children ages 3 to 7 years. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1978 Apr;57(4):631-5 AB - The saliva of 29 children ages 3 to 7 years was followed by indirect immunoflourescence to determine the antibody reacting with the 5 different serotypes of S mutans. Fluorescent antisera specific for alpha chain and gamma chain were used. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated a significant negative correlation between antibody of immunoglobin class (IgA) to S mutans type b and the decayed, extracted and filled surfaces of deciduous teeth. <99> UI - 78218114 AU - Nalbandian J TI - The microscopic pattern of tetracycline fluorescence in the cementum of human teeth. SO - Journal de Biologie Buccale 1978 Mar;6(1):27-41 AB - Ultraviolet microscopy of longitudinal non-decalcified sections revealed fluorescence characteristic of in vivo tetracycline deposition in the cementum of 55 out of 378 human permanent teeth. Patterns of fluorescence could be related to various stages in root development and to pathological events, as well as to the approximate duration of drug intake. Cementum lines formed during apposition of primary root dentin were associated with dentin bands and met the latter at the cemento-dentinal junction: other lines corresponded to incremental cementum apposition after completion of the root. Label was also visualized in localized areas of cementum hyperplasia and in repaired resorption lacunae. Discontinuities in broad fluorescent lines at or near the cementum surface were related to lack of connective tissue attachment when drug exposure occurred, or with subsequent root caries. Observations suggest that typical short, single periods of antibiotic therapy are recorded in the cementum, although marginally or close to the limit of resolution in some cases. Longer, chronic administration or multiple short regimens closely spaced in time are clearly registered. Study of these patterns may be useful in clinical periodontal research. <100> UI - 78105278 AU - Rawls HR AU - Owen WD TI - Demonstration of dye-uptake as a potential aid in early diagnosis of incipient caries. SO - Caries Research 1978;12(2):69-75 <101> UI - 78242771 AU - Tenovuo J AU - Knuuttila ML TI - The antibacterial action of the various components of the lactoperoxidase system on a cariogenic strain of Streptococcus mutans. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1977 Dec;56(12):1603-7 AB - Physiological activity of lactoperoxidase and in vivo concentration of thiocyanate ions were shown to be inhibitory against a cariogenic strain of Streptococcus mutans. However, the amount of H2O2 in vivo may be too low for optimum inhibition by lactoperoxidase system. H2O2 alone also inhibited the growth of S mutants to some degree. <102> UI - 78117366 AU - Rasmussen P TI - Histologic and microradiographic observations on teeth during calcium deprivation in rats. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1977 Nov;85(7):549-56 AB - Adult female rats were subjected to severe calcium deprivation by feeding them a calcium-deficient diet containing oxalate (Group a). Furthermore, pregnant and lactating animals were subjected to the same diet (Group b). The mandibular teeth were examined by histologic, microradiographic and fluorescence microscopic techniques. The incisor enamel was found to be nearly unaffected by the experimental regimen; the dentin formed and mineralized during the experimental period was abnormal only in Group b. Characteristic features were reduced thickness, increased width of predentin and numerous globular defects. Both ameloblasts and odontoblasts were seemingly normal. No obvious differences could be observed between the molars from the controls and the test groups (a,b). "Cementolysis" seemed to be present to the same extent in all groups. In some of the animals of Group b some carious or erosional defects were observed in the molars. These may at least partially account for a small reduction in molar ash content observed in this group. <103> UI - 78096435 AU - de Trey E AU - Lutz F TI - [Effect of the shape of the cavity and the sealant system on the adaptive quality of the proximal anterior filling margins]. [French] SO - SSO: Schweizerische Monatsschrift fur Zahnheilkunde 1977 Aug;87(8):737-51 AB - The influence of different cavity preparation and the use of a low viscosity sealant on the marginal adaptation and microleakage of class III composite restorations was investigated in a dye penetration and a SEM-study in vivo. In 9 subjects with 4 restorations each, different forms of dentin cavities and enamel preparations were performed. In 3 out of 4 cavity types a low viscosity sealant was applied prior to the insertion of the composite material. Replicas of the restorations after 30 min, 15 and 120 days were examined by SEM (magnification 400X). Marginal areas 1 h, 15 and 120 days after restoration placement were coated with a fluorescent permeating dye, flushed with water, dried and photographed under UV-light. The micromorphological and in vivo permeation investigations have demonstrated that restorations with no marginal leakage and with perfect marginal adaptation could be achieved when using a sealant composite system with a new cavity design, the "adhesive preparation". Furthermore the retentive strength of the "adhesive restoration" which has no macroscopic dentinal retention was largely sufficient. <104> UI - 78043021 AU - Reinhardt KJ AU - Vahl J TI - [Hardening of photopolymerizable sealing materials in variously deep enamel zones (in vitro)]. [German] SO - Deutsche Zahnarztliche Zeitschrift 1977 Nov;32(11):848-52 AB - The effect of irradiation times of various lengths on the resulting Vickers-hardness and polymerisation of adhesives (Estilux glaze, Nuva Seal) was estimated for varying UV light sources. Secondary effects depending on position were found in the polymerisation, the progress of which could be estimated. The results of the polymerisation experiments, irradiating caries-containing and healthy enamel sections, using appropriate UV light sources, show polymerisation of adhesives with definable Vickers-hardness in enamel zones of various depths. <105> UI - 77165301 AU - Nakabayashi N AU - Hahata S AU - Masuhara E TI - Studies on dental self-curing resins. XV. Application of nitrene to reactive adhesive with a tooth. SO - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 1977 May;11(3):395-404 AB - Effectiveness of p-azidobenzoyloxyethyl methacrylate on the adhesion of a tooth was studied. This methacrylate, dissolved in suitable monomer solvents such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, was painted on ivory- or acid-etched enamel and the surface was irradiated by ultraviolet light. Photolysis of the azide produced a nitrene which was reactive with polypeptides in the tooth. As the treated surface must have affinity with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and pol(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), it was joined with a PMMA bar by the self-curing resin. The adhesive strength was 100 kg/cm2 with ivory or 65 kg/cm2 with enamel. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto collagen may take place by the nitrene prepared in situ by photolysis of the azide. Subject to satisfactory biologic evaluation, this coupler may be useful in the development of adhesive dental filling materials and fissure sealants. <106> UI - 77127128 AU - Orstavik D AU - Brandtzaeg P TI - Serum antibodies to plaque bacteria in subjects with dental caries and gingivitis. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1977 Jan-Feb;85(2):106-13 AB - Correlations were sought between indices of gingival inflammation and dental caries experience and serum antibody titers to five species of oral bacteria. The material comprised 53 young adult males. A statistically significant, negative correlation was observed between the antibody titer to a pool of Veillonella strains and dental caries experience. Multiple regression analyses failed to reveal significant associations between periodontal disease and serum antibody titers. However, the data suggested a combined association of the titers to the strains of Veillonella and a strain of Fusobacterium with the periodontal index. <107> UI - 77080677 AU - Ulvestad H TI - Evaluation of fissure sealing with a diluted composite sealant and an UV-light polymerized sealant after 36 months' observation. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1976 Nov;84(6):401-3 AB - The idea of fissure sealing has found wide acceptance in caries prevention. The present investigation was initiated to evaluate the retention of a diluted composite material used as a fissure sealant, compared with the retention of an UV-light polymerized sealant. After an observation period of 3 years, it seems justified to assume that a diluted composite sealant is a fully acceptable alternative to an UV-light polymerized sealant, and the former material seemed to have some advantages: a simpler polymerization procedure, an apparently better wear resistance due to ceramic filler particles, and an easier recognition because of a slight discoloration. <108> UI - 77071874 AU - Myers CL AU - Stanley HR AU - Heyde JB AU - Chamberlain J TI - Primate pulpal response to ultraviolet light-polymerized direct-bonding material systems. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1976 Nov-Dec;55(6):1118-24 AB - The results of this study, plus those of a previous study, show that a layer of CaOH lining the floor of the tooth cavity will protect the dental pulp against toxic irritants inherent to an UV light-polymerized cavity liner and a UV light-polymerized composite restorative resin. This study also showed that a layer of CaOH lining the floor of the cavity will protect the dental pulp against acid irritants inherent in the enamel etching solution. It is recommended to restorative dentistry that all primary dentin within clinically accessible areas of the cavity preparation be covered with a layer of CaOH before the enamel is etched with the acid-conditioning solution. Precautionary protection of primary dentin in this manner affords a margin of safety should the conditioning solution inadvertently spill onto the primary dentin during the enamel-etching procedure. Second, if the conditioning solution does accidentally spill onto the previously placed protective layer of CaOH during the enamel-etching procedure, then it logically follows that this acid-contaminated layer of CaOH should be mechanically removed and a new layer of CaOH that completely lines at least the floor of the tooth cavity should be placed before the resins are applied. <109> UI - 77006811 AU - Handelman SL AU - Washburn F AU - Wopperer P TI - Two-year report of sealant effect on bacteria in dental caries. SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1976 Nov;93(5):967-70 AB - Teeth in which caries had penetrated the pits and fissures were sealed with an ultraviolet-light-polymerized sealant. Samples of carious dentin were taken from teeth that were not sealed and from teeth that were sealed, up to two years after the sealant had been placed. The major reduction in viable microorganisms occurred during the first two weeks, and there was a gradual reduction in the total count thereafter. At the end of two years, there was a 2,000-fold decrease in the number of cultivable microorganisms. Preliminary clinical and radiographic findings suggest that there was no progression of the carious lesions, but further studies are needed before this technique can be considered an alternative to conventional procedures. <110> UI - 76194212 AU - Hamada S AU - Masuda N AU - Ooshima T AU - Sobue S AU - Kotani S TI - Epidemiological survey of Streptococcus mutans among Japanese children. Identification and serological typing of the isolated strains. SO - Japanese Journal of Microbiology 1976 Feb;20(1):33-44 AB - An epidemiological investigation was carried out to identify and determine the serotypes of Streptococcus mutans from carious lesions of young Japanese children. For this purpose, a direct fluorescent antibody technique was mainly used. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antibodies were prepared for the five known serotypes of S. mutans. Cross reactions and nonspecific reactions were eliminated by adsorption, counterstaining, or DEAE-cellulosecolumn chromatography. Agar-gel immunodiffusion was used to distinguish between serotypes a and d. The epidemiological survey suggested that serotype c strains were most prevalent in dental plaques of Japanese children. The d and e serotypes were rare and serotypes a and b were not detected. It was also noted that more than one serotype of S. mutans could be found in the same locus of a carious lesion and that there might be no relationship between the degree of caries and the causative serotype(s) of S. mutans. <111> UI - 76168130 AU - Van de Rijn I AU - Bleiweis AS AU - Zabriskie JB TI - Antigens in Streptococcus mutans cross reactive with human heart muscle. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1976 Apr;55 Spec No:C59-64 AB - An antigen that cross reacts with mammalian heart tissue has been shown to be present in several strains of S mutans. Inoculation of S mutans into rabbits elicited heart-reactive antibody as part of the immunologic response. This heart-reactive antibody was demonstrated to be tissue-specific in that it only bound heart and smooth muscle tissue. Similar results have been previously reported using group A streptococci. Adsorption studies using sarcolemmal sheaths, group A streptoccal membranes, and fractions of cariogenic streptococci demonstrated the presence of a similar antigen. The aforementioned fractions could remove heart-reactive antibody from both immune rabbit serums and serums from patients with acute rheumatic fever. These findings dictate the necessity for testing any future caries vaccine containing fractions of S mutans for the presence of this cross-reactive antigen to avoid a possible autoimmunization. <112> UI - 76095631 AU - Bowen WH TI - Identification of cariogenic bacteria by fluorescent antibody and other techniques: an international symposium. New York City, April 3-4, 1975. A summary and view of the future. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1976 Jan;55:A205-6 <113> UI - 76095632 AU - O'Brien TC TI - Identification of cariogenic bacteria by fluorescent antibody and other techniques: an international symposium. New York City, April 3-4, 1975. Concluding remarks: the current status of the National Caries Program. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1976 Jan;55:A207-9 <114> UI - 76095636 AU - Bleiweis AS TI - Identification of cariogenic bacteria by fluorescent antibody and other techniques: an international symposium. New York City, April 3-4, 1975. Preface. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1976 Jan;55:A4 <115> UI - 76095638 AU - Marston RQ TI - Identification of cariogenic bacteria by fluorescent antibody and other techniques: an international symposium. New York City, April 3-4, 1975. Welcome and introduction. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1976 Jan;55:A5 <116> UI - 76021967 AU - Riethe P AU - Maupai F TI - [Clinical studies on fissure sealants of the Bis-GMA type]. [German] SO - Deutsche Zahnarztliche Zeitschrift 1975 Aug;30(8):502-7 AB - In this study the effects of two fissure sealants were tested clinically, 50 teeth were sealed with Nuva Seal and 54 teeth with Epoxy-Lite 9075. Follow-ups were performed over a period of 15 months. In chi2 tests, a highly significant reduction in caries or restriction of caries was found in the sealed teeth as compared to the teeth of the control group. <117> UI - 76024893 AU - Klein JP AU - Guinard M AU - Frank RM TI - [Extracellular polysaccharides and caries activity in a gnotobiotic system for lysogenic and cured streptococci]. [French] SO - Journal de Biologie Buccale 1975 Mar;3(1):65-75 <118> UI - 75210529 AU - Evans RT AU - Emmings FG AU - Genco RJ TI - Prevention of Streptococcus mutans infection of tooth surfaces by salivary antibody in Irus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). SO - Infection & Immunity 1975 Aug;12(2):293-302 AB - Four irus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were immunized with Streptococcus mutans 6715 killed cells and cell products by injection in the vicinity of the major salivary glands and by instillation into the parotid glands via the ducts. After immune group and a sham-immunized control group of monkeys were infected orally with viable strain 6715 organisms. Dental plaque samples were taken at intervals from the buccal and lingual grooves of the first permanent molars. These samples were evaluated for recovery of strain 6715 by cultural methods. In addition, individual samples were taken from 10 representative tooth surfaces and were evaluated by indirect immunofluorescent staining for strain 6715. Results showed that immune monk