Database: MEDLINE <: biomedical, nursing & dental literature, 1966 - Oct 2000.> Search Strategy (You Saved Citations 1-300 From Set 61): ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 exp Tooth demineralization/ 22653 2 demineralization.mp. 1622 3 caries.mp. 15310 4 caires.mp. 1 5 craies.mp. 0 6 careis.mp. 4 7 carise.mp. 0 8 (teeth adj3 cavit:).mp. 422 9 (tooth adj3 cavit:).mp. 217 10 (dental adj3 cavit:).mp. 276 11 (dentin adj3 cavit:).mp. 255 12 (enamel adj3 cavit:).mp. 182 13 (teeth adj3 decay:).mp. 375 14 (tooth adj3 decay:).mp. 322 15 (dental adj3 decay:).mp. 250 16 (dentin adj3 decay:).mp. 12 17 (enamel adj3 decay:).mp. 20 18 (active adj decay).mp. 9 19 (rampant adj3 decay:).mp. 14 20 (recurrent adj3 decay:).mp. 30 21 (white adj spot:).mp. 510 22 carious.mp. 2082 23 cariology.ti,ab. 56 24 (non-cavitated adj3 lesion:).mp. 15 25 (noncavitated adj3 lesion:).mp. 2 26 Tooth remineralization/ 479 27 (dental adj3 fissure:).mp. 99 28 (tooth adj3 fissure:).mp. 50 29 (teeth adj3 fissure:).mp. 98 30 caries-free.mp. 605 31 cariesfree.mp. 17 32 Cariogenic agents/ 728 33 precavit:.mp. 8 34 (filled adj3 teeth).mp. 511 35 (filled adj3 tooth).mp. 117 36 (oral adj fissure:).mp. 6 37 (tooth adj3 remineraliz:).mp. 28 38 (teeth adj3 remineraliz:).mp. 24 39 dft.mp. 413 40 dfs.mp. 1261 41 dmf:.mp. 6402 42 cariogeni:.mp. 1787 43 or/1-42 32291 44 Dental leakage/ 1854 45 (mineral adj loss).mp. 409 46 or/43-45 34030 47 Fluorescence/ 12584 48 exp Fluorometry/ 74410 49 fluorescen:.mp. 178830 50 QLF.mp. 7 51 DIAGNOdent.mp. 3 52 "LIGHT-SCATTERING".mp. 4178 53 exp Scattering, radiation/ 10630 54 exp Light/du [Diagnostic Use] 2263 55 Radiography, dental, digital/ 250 56 (direct adj digital adj radiograph:).mp. 33 57 exp Fluorescent dyes/ 40087 58 exp Iodides/ 5402 59 Ultraviolet rays/ 34922 60 or/47-59 284422 61 46 and 60 476 62 from 61 keep 1-300 300 *************************** <1> UI - 20317958 AU - Milicich G TI - Clinical applications of new advances in occlusal caries diagnosis. SO - New Zealand Dental Journal 2000 Mar;96(423):23-6 AB - Because of the difficulties associated with the diagnosis of occlusal caries, many clinicians have adopted the philosophy of "watch and wait". The decision to treat, be it by sealing or cavity preparation, is often made after the caries process is well established, and either bonding techniques fail, or unnecessary sound tooth structure is lost. The current diagnostic model of visual, probe, and radiographic examination is qualitative, subject to operator interpretation, and consequently can produce varied diagnoses from dentists examining the same patient. Recent advances in caries diagnosis and an understanding of the caries process, fissure morphology, and bonding principles allow early intervention. Mirror and probe examination is only 25 percent accurate in detecting early occlusal caries. The use of caries detection dye and laser caries diagnosis raises diagnostic accuracy beyond 90 percent. Hidden caries is now an historic phrase. Early and accurate diagnosis of occlusal caries enables successful prevention and minimal intervention restorative techniques, ending the common evolution from occlusal restorations through to cusp restorations, crowns, and endodontics. <2> UI - 20373262 AU - Blendl C AU - Stengel C AU - Zdunczyk S IN - Fachbereich Photoingenieurwesen, Fachhochschule Koln. TI - [A comparative study of analog and digital intraoral x-ray image detector systems]. [German] SO - Rofo. Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Neuen Bildgebenden Verfahren 2000 Jun;172(6):534-41 AB - The object of this investigation was to compare different intraoral, analog and digital X-ray image detector systems with respect to the diagnostic performance and to the relation of dose and image quality. METHODS: Three different intraoral film types and one digital system were compared. The same basic image quality-related technical parameters were measured, Contrast detail diagrams and images of pig teeth were captured and evaluated by visual inspection. RESULTS: The digital system has a speed that is at twice as high as least of the most sensitive analog system. Compared to the analog system, the digital system visualizes better low contrast structures such as carious defects, but shows problems in visualisation of high dynamic ranges such as crown margins or fillings: insufficient suitable dynamic range. Larger objects such as incisors could not be imaged in one exposure due to the small area of the digital detector (24.3 x 18.2 mm). Retakes may be required due to the small dynamic range and detector area. CONCLUSIONS: The complete imaging of a tooth with crown and apical region, as required in the "radiological guidelines" is in doubt with digital systems having small active areas. The image quality of digital systems differs significantly from that of analog systems, nevertheless, the achievable image quality fulfills the requirements of intraoral dental radiology. <3> UI - 20357036 AU - Dilek Aydin Z AU - Barista I AU - Canpinar H AU - Sungur A AU - Tekuzman G IN - Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey. TI - Gastric lymphomas in Turkey. Analysis of prognostic factors with special emphasis on flow cytometric DNA content. SO - Cancer 2000 Jul 1;89(1):12-20 AB - BACKGROUND: In contrast to DNA ploidy, to the authors' knowledge the prognostic significance of S-phase fraction (SPF) in gastric lymphomas has not been determined. In the current study, the prognostic significance of various parameters including SPF and DNA aneuploidy were analyzed and some distinct epidemiologic and biologic features of gastric lymphomas in Turkey were found. METHODS: A series of 78 gastric lymphoma patients followed at Hacettepe University is reported. DNA flow cytometry was performed for 34 patients. The influence of various parameters on survival was investigated with the log rank test. The Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to identify independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 50 years. There was no correlation between patient age and tumor grade. DNA content analysis revealed 4 of the 34 cases to be aneuploid with DNA index values < 1.0. The mean SPF was 33.5%. In the univariate analysis, surgical resection of the tumor, modified Ann Arbor stage, performance status, response to first-line chemotherapy, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, and SPF were important prognostic factors for disease free survival (DFS). The same parameters, excluding LDH level, were important for determining overall survival (OS). In the multivariate analysis, surgical resection of the tumor, disease stage, performance status, and age were found to be important prognostic factors for OS. CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge the current study is the first to demonstrate the prognostic significance of SPF in gastric lymphomas. The distinguishing features of Turkish gastric lymphoma patients are 1) DNA indices of aneuploid cases that all are < 1.0, which is a unique feature; 2) a lower percentage of aneuploid cases; 3) a higher SPF; 4) a younger age distribution; and 5) lack of an age-grade correlation. The authors conclude that gastric lymphomas in Turkey have distinct biologic and epidemiologic characteristics. Copyright 2000 American Cancer Society. <4> UI - 20267394 AU - Al-Khateeb S AU - Exterkate R AU - Angmar-Mansson B AU - ten Cate B IN - Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden. TI - Effect of acid-etching on remineralization of enamel white spot lesions. SO - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 2000 Feb;58(1):31-6 AB - This in vitro study aimed at investigating whether full remineralization would occur in white spot lesions when the surface porosity was increased by acid-etching. The effect of fluoride was also investigated. Enamel blocks with in vitro produced white spot lesions were used. Group A was exposed to a remineralizing solution only. In group B, the lesions were etched with 35% phosphoric acid for 30 s, then treated as in group A. Group C was treated as group A + daily treatment with a fluoride toothpaste slurry (1,000 ppm) for 5 min. Group D was treated as group B + the daily fluoride treatment of group C. The remineralization was measured weekly with Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence during the experimental period. After 10 weeks of remineralization, mineral profiles were assessed with transverse microradiography. The enamel fluorescence was partly regained. There were significant differences in the lesion depth, mineral content at the surface layer, and integrated mineral loss between the groups. Addition of fluoride accelerated the remineralization only in the beginning; in later stages the process leveled out and even reached a plateau in all the groups. It was concluded that full remineralization was not achieved by etching, by the addition of fluoride, nor by the combination of both treatments in this in vitro study. <5> UI - 20303203 AU - Amii H AU - Kishikawa Y AU - Kageyama K AU - Uneyama K IN - Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan. TI - Palladium-catalyzed tert-butoxycarbonylation of trifluoroacetimidoyl iodides. SO - Journal of Organic Chemistry 2000 Jun 2;65(11):3404-8 AB - A modification and details of the palladium-catalyzed tert-butoxycarbonylation of 2,2,2-trifluoroacetimidoyl iodides 1, which gave the iminocarboxylates 2, one of the promising precursors to fluorinated alpha-amino acids, are described. The Pd-catalyzed carbonylation reaction was remarkably promoted by the use of DMF or DMI as an additive, enough to achieve the selective formation of tert-butyl iminoesters. Nucleophilic alkylation of the imine moiety of 2 and subsequent removal of N- and O-protecting groups gave a variety of 2-substituted 2-amino-3,3,3-trifluoropropanoic acid derivatives 3 in high yields. <6> UI - 20252445 AU - Xu X AU - Xie D AU - Xue Y AU - Yan G IN - Department of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. TI - Density functional theory study on fundamental vibrational spectra of disilyl iodide and its isotopomer. SO - Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy 2000 Feb 15;56(3):567-74 AB - Density function theory calculations using B3' exchange functional and LYP' correlation functionals (B3LYP) with the 3-21G** basis set were carried out to study the molecular structure and fundamental vibrational frequencies of Si2H5Br, Si2H5I and their isotopomers. One scale factor used to scale Si-H(D) force constants for Si2H5Br is transferred from Si2H5Br to Si2H5I. Other scale factors of force constants for Si2H5I and Si2D5I are determined by a least-squares fitting to experimental vibrational frequencies. The predictions of fundamental vibrational frequencies for Si2H5I and its isotopomer are given. The scaled DFT force fields using B3LYP/3-21G** reproduced the observed fundamental vibrational frequencies of Si2H5I and its deuterium isotopomer with a mean absolute deviation of 6 cm(-1). Reassignment of some fundamental vibrational modes of Si2H5I and its isotopomer is discussed. <7> UI - 99422207 AU - Tsang A AU - Sweet D AU - Wood RE IN - Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia, Canada. TI - Potential for fraudulent use of digital radiography [see comments]. CM - Comment in: J Am Dent Assoc 1999 Nov;130(11):1566, 1568, Comment in: J Am Dent Assoc 1999 Nov;130(11):1568, Comment in: J Am Dent Assoc 1999 Nov;130(11):1568-9, Comment in: J Am Dent Assoc 2000 Jan;131(1):18, 20, Comment in: J Am Dent Assoc 2000 Mar;131(3):290 SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1999 Sep;130(9):1325-9 AB - BACKGROUND: Digital radiographic images can be manipulated using personal computers. To test the potential for fraudulent use, the authors altered a series of dental radiographs, printed them to simulate duplicated films and submitted them for authorization of proposed treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors obtained periapical radiographs of teeth that contained small restorations or were unrestored from the files of three dental patients at a private dental practice. The authors used a flatbed scanner to digitize and import the radiographs into a computer. Then they added dental caries, large restorations, fractures and periapical pathosis to the radiographs. The authors proposed to the insurance companies that the teeth in question be restored using expensive treatment, such as root-canal therapy and full-coverage crowns. RESULTS: In each case, the insurance companies authorized the proposed treatment based on the appearance of the teeth on the radiographs. The altered images illustrated an apparent need for dental treatment that was not required and that could have led to payment for treatment that was not actually performed. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates the potential for the fraudulent use of manipulated digital radiographic images. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Dentistry should be aware of the implications of the potential for such abuse and should develop measures both to prevent it from occurring and to facilitate its detection. <8> UI - 99326635 AU - Schafer TE AU - Lapp CA AU - Hanes CM AU - Lewis JB AU - Wataha JC AU - Schuster GS IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA. TI - Estrogenicity of bisphenol A and bisphenol A dimethacrylate in vitro. SO - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 1999 Jun 5;45(3):192-7 AB - Although pit and fissure sealants have been utilized extensively in dentistry as a way of preventing occlusal caries, results described by Olea et al. (1996) raised concerns about the safety of sealants and other resin-based dental materials due to the reported presence of bisphenol A (BPA) and its dimethacrylate ester (BPA-DM). Although the release of these compounds from dental materials has not been substantiated by two subsequent studies, we believed it was important to confirm or refute the report that BPA and BPA-DM have estrogenic activity in vitro. We grew breast cancer cells (MCF-7, T-47D, ZR-75-1) known to proliferate under estrogenic stimulation in phenol red-free DMEM containing human serum and concentrations of BPA or BPA-DM ranging from 10(-8)M to 5 x 10(-6)M. After 1 week, plates were harvested for crystal violet or sulforhodamine-B assays, and the optical densities of groups of treated cells were compared with values from control cells. At concentrations at or above 10(-6)M, both BPA and BPA-DM significantly increased cell proliferation (p < 0.05), comparable to the increase seen with 10(-9)M of estrogen. Flow cytometric methods demonstrated that these mitogenic effects occurred within 24 h of exposure to estrogen, BPA, or BPA-DM. The increase in DNA synthesis was analogous to that seen with estrogen stimulation. Thus, we confirmed that BPA and BPA-DM cause cell proliferation at micromolar concentrations that exceed the effective concentrations of estrogen by 1 to 10,000-fold. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. <9> UI - 20313523 AU - Falk A AU - Lindhe JE AU - Rohlin M AU - Nilsson M IN - Department of Oral Radiology, Centre for Oral Health Sciences, Malmo University, Malmo, Sweden. TI - Effects of collimator size of a dental X-ray unit on image contrast. SO - Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology 1999 Sep;28(5):261-6 AB - OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of collimator size on image contrast in dental radiography. METHODS: Two conventional collimators, one circular (53 mm in diameter) and one rectangular (35x45 mm2), were compared with a small rectangular collimator (26x39 mm2). Low-contrast and high-contrast resolution was assessed with the aid of contrast-detail and line-pair phantoms. RESULTS: Shallower holes were observed with the small rectangular collimator. Two-thirds of 17 observers assessing high-contrast resolution considered the small collimator to result in a clearer image than the conventional collimators. The same effect was demonstrated with the line-pair phantom and by microdensitometry. With the small collimator the energy imparted is estimated to be reduced by 54 and 36% compared with the conventional circular and rectangular collimators respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Decrease of the collimator size to fit the film size used for children will result in improved low-contrast and, under some conditions, improved high-contrast resolution. This improvement might have implications for caries diagnosis and monitoring. <10> UI - 20323648 AU - Cederberg RA AU - Frederiksen NL AU - Benson BW AU - Shulman JD IN - Baylor College of Dentistry/Texas A&M University System, Dallas 75266-0677, USA. TI - Influence of the digital image display monitor on observer performance. SO - Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology 1999 Jul;28(4):203-7 AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of the display monitor on observer performance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Artificial enamel lesions were created in 40 extracted teeth at random using 1/4 and 1/2 round burs. Teeth were mounted in dental stone blocks to simulate a hemidentition. Approximate exposures were recorded at 70 kVp using a Digota (Soredex, Orion Corp, Helsinki, Finland) digital imaging system, calibrated to achieve optimum density. Six dentists rated each image on a five-point scale for the presence or absence of a lesion. Radiographic images were viewed on the following monitors: (1) AlphaScan 711 (Sampo Corp.); (2) Multiscan 17 Se II (Sony Electronics Inc.); (3) DS 2000 (Clinton Electronics Corp.) and (4) Latitude CP Laptop (Dell Computer Corp.). Raters were allowed to magnify and to adjust density and contrast of each image at will. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed and curves were plotted for each image. Data was subjected to repeated measures analysis of variance and ordinal logistic regression to test for significance between variables and to determine odds ratios. RESULTS: Mean ROC curve areas ranged from 0.8728 for the Sampo monitor to 0.8395 for the Sony. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed significant differences between observers (P < 0.0001), lesion size (P < 0.0001), examiner/monitor interaction (P < 0.033) and examiner/block interaction (P < 0.013). However, no significant difference was found between monitors. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that observer performance is independent of the visual characteristics of the display monitor. <11> UI - 20237504 AU - Zhang XZ AU - Anderson P AU - Dowker SE AU - Elliott JC IN - St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, UK. TI - Optical profilometric study of changes in surface roughness of enamel during in vitro demineralization. SO - Caries Research 2000 Mar-Apr;34(2):164-74 AB - The application of non-contact optical profilometry for non-destructive study of changes in the surface roughness of natural enamel surfaces during in vitro demineralization was investigated. Repeated measurement of profiles of the same enamel surfaces after successive demineralization episodes was achieved by a kinematic specimen mount that could be removed, then accurately repositioned. Surface roughness parameters and reflectivity of natural enamel surfaces exposed to either a demineralizing solution (test) or deionized water (control) for up to 6 days were measured at 6- to 24-hour intervals. The results prior to demineralization showed that surface roughness varies with position on the enamel surface. During demineralization there was an approximately linear increase in surface roughness for the first 70 h followed by somewhat erratic behaviour, and a saturating exponential with time increase in reflectivity for the first 70 h which subsequently remained constant. Changes in enamel surface during in vitro demineralization were also observed using scanning electron microscopy. <12> UI - 20237502 AU - Shi XQ AU - Welander U AU - Angmar-Mansson B IN - Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. TI - Occlusal caries detection with KaVo DIAGNOdent and radiography: an in vitro comparison. SO - Caries Research 2000 Mar-Apr;34(2):151-8 AB - A new laser fluorescence method, KaVo DIAGNOdent, was tested with respect to reproducibility and validity and compared with radiography regarding accuracy in the detection of occlusal caries. Seventy-six extracted premolar and molar teeth were measured twice with DIAGNOdent under both wet and dry conditions, at an interval of 2 weeks. Conventional film radiographs were exposed. Microradiographic analysis of sections of the teeth served as the gold standard. Intra-class correlation coefficient and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to assess the reproducibility and the validity of the method, respectively. The influence of time and varying humidities on DIAGNOdent readings were analysed by two-way repeated measure ANOVA. ROC curves were plotted for DIAGNOdent readings and radiographic registration of caries by 6 observers, and the areas under the curves were compared using Student's t test. Under both wet and dry conditions, the reproducibility of the DIAGNOdent method was excellent: R = 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of DIAGNOdent was significantly better than that of radiography (p< or =0.001). In this in vitro study of detection of occlusal caries, the diagnostic performance of the DIAGNOdent method was superior to that of radiography. <13> UI - 20237501 AU - Banerjee A AU - Kidd EA AU - Watson TF IN - Division of Conservative Dentistry, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' Dental Institute, KCL, London, UK. avijit.banerjee@kcl.ac.uk TI - In vitro evaluation of five alternative methods of carious dentine excavation. SO - Caries Research 2000 Mar-Apr;34(2):144-50 AB - This in-vitro, split-tooth study aimed to evaluate the efficiency (time taken) and effectiveness (quantity of dentine removed) of four techniques of carious dentine excavation (bur, air-abrasion, sono-abrasion and Carisolv gel) compared to conventional hand excavation. Eighty freshly extracted human molars were assigned to four experimental groups (n = 20), sectioned longitudinally through occlusal lesions and pre-excavation colour photomicrographs obtained. Using the natural autofluorescence of carious dentine (detected using confocal laser scanning microscopy) as an objective and reproducible guide, carious dentine removal was assessed in each half of the split tooth sample, comparing hand excavation to the test method. The time taken to reach a cavity floor that was hard to a dental probe was noted and final colour photomicrographs were taken. From the results, it was concluded that bur excavation was quickest but overprepared cavities relative to the autofluorescent signature, whereas Carisolv excavation was slowest but removed adequate quantities of tissue. Sono-abrasion tended to underprepare whereas air-abrasion was more comparable to hand excavation in both the time and amounts of dentine removed. Conventional hand excavation appeared to offer the best combination of efficiency and effectiveness for carious dentine excavation within the parameters used in this study. <14> UI - 20285616 AU - Wilder AD Jr AU - May KN Jr AU - Bayne SC AU - Taylor DF AU - Leinfelder KF IN - Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. TI - Seventeen-year clinical study of ultraviolet-cured posterior composite Class I and II restorations. SO - Journal of Esthetic Dentistry 1999;11(3):135-42 AB - OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical performance of four commercial ultraviolet light-cured composite materials, and to evaluate curing-system effects on long-term wear resistance of Class I and II restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Approximately 32 samples of each of four different ultraviolet light-cured composites (n = 130) were inserted into conventional Class I and II cavity preparations by two clinicians. Cavosurface margins of the preparations were not beveled. Enamel walls of the preparation were etched, and the respective bonding agent was applied. Each restoration was evaluated by two clinicians at 5, 10, and 17 years. Direct evaluations were performed using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Indirect evaluations were performed using the Leinfelder cast evaluation method. RESULTS: After 17 years, 65% of the restorations were recalled and pooled direct evaluations were conducted for color matching (94% alfa), marginal discoloration (100% alfa), marginal integrity (100% alfa), secondary caries (92% alfa), surface texture (72% alfa), and anatomic form (22% alfa). Mean occlusal wear from indirect evaluations at 5, 10, and 17 years was 197 +/- 85 microns, 235 +/- 72 microns, and 264 +/- 80 microns, respectively. For direct and indirect evaluations there were significant differences (p < or = .05) between the baseline and 5-year recall evaluations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrated that the mean pooled occlusal wear of four ultraviolet light-cured posterior composites at 17 years was 264 microns (approximately 0.25 mm), and that most wear (75%) occurred in the first 5 years. Of all recalled restorations, 76% were judged clinically acceptable at 17 years, and 22% of those exhibited no clinically detectable wear. <15> UI - 20282487 AU - Forner L AU - Llena MC AU - Almerich JM AU - Garcia-Godoy F IN - University of Valencia, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Spain. TI - Digital radiology and image analysis for approximal caries diagnosis. SO - Operative Dentistry 1999 Sep-Oct;24(5):312-5 AB - The aim of this study was to determine if radiology combined with digital reception and image analysis, radiovisiography (RVG), is effective in the early diagnosis of simulated approximal carious lesions. An experimental lesion similar to the one produced by caries was made in 39 permanent molars and premolars. Radiographic images of these lesions were obtained under standardized conditions using RVG. The image obtained was magnified 700 times and the densities of the lesion, the enamel, the dentin, and the pulp were measured using an image analysis program (Visualdent). The results showed statistically significant differences between the density of the produced lesions and that of healthy enamel. This measurement was independent of the differing thickness of the approximal enamel surface in molars and premolars. These results indicated the potential usefulness of the system tested in the diagnosis of incipient approximal caries. <16> UI - 20262501 AU - Lambert DL TI - Detecting and restoring the "hidden" carious lesion. SO - Dentistry Today 1999 Oct;18(10):52-7 <17> UI - 20194473 AU - Uprichard KK AU - Potter BJ AU - Russell CM AU - Schafer TE AU - Adair S AU - Weller RN IN - Department of Oral Diagnosis and Patient Services, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, USA. TI - Comparison of direct digital and conventional radiography for the detection of proximal surface caries in the mixed dentition. SO - Pediatric Dentistry 2000 Jan-Feb;22(1):9-15 AB - PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the performance of direct digital radiography and traditional dental radiography for the detection of proximal surface dental caries in the mixed dentition. METHODS: 15 quadrants of extracted teeth, arranged from the primary canine to permanent first molar, were imaged using direct digital (Schick Technologies, Long Island City, NY, USA) and conventional films (D-speed and E-speed Plus; Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY, USA). Five pediatric dentists viewed the images and scored the 270 proximal surfaces for presence of caries on a 5 point scale and extent of caries on a 4 point scale. The teeth were sectioned and viewed microscopically to determine the gold standard. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to evaluate the viewer's performance for detecting proximal caries using the 3 different image receptor types. RESULTS: Experienced examiners were significantly more accurate in diagnosis of proximal surface caries using either D-speed or E-speed Plus films than they were using the direct digital receptor. The mean areas under the ROC curve (Az) for the viewers were 0.7595 for D-speed film, 0.7557 for E-speed Plus film, and 0.5928 for the direct digital receptor. The results also indicated that selected viewers' accuracy increased when viewing the direct digital images a second time. CONCLUSION: CCD based direct digital radiography was not as accurate as conventional film images for the purpose of diagnosing proximal surface caries in the mixed dentition. However, the results imply that with increased experience, direct digital images may be as accurate as conventional film based images for diagnosis. <18> UI - 20204944 AU - Wenzel A IN - Department of Oral Radiology, Royal Dental College, University of Aarhus, Denmark. awenzel@odont.au.dk TI - Digital imaging for dental caries. [Review] [88 refs] SO - Dental Clinics of North America 2000 Apr;44(2):319-38, vi AB - Laboratory studies show that digital intraoral radiography systems are as accurate as dental film for the detection of caries when a good-quality image is obtained, although more re-takes might be necessary because of positioning errors with the digital systems, particularly the charge-coupled device sensors. The phosphor plate is more comfortable for the patient than nondigital systems, and the dose can be further reduced with the storage phosphors. Cross-contamination does not pose a problem with digital systems if simple hygiene procedures are observed. [References: 88] <19> UI - 20212219 AU - Sieber F AU - Wentworth P Jr AU - Janda KD IN - Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. TI - Exploring the scope of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a soluble polymer matrix for the Stille cross-coupling reaction. SO - Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry 1999 Nov-Dec;1(6):540-6 AB - The optimization and efficient parallel synthesis and purification of a library of biaryl, heterobiaryl, and styryl derivatives, via the first reported poly(ethylene glycol)-supported palladium-catalyzed Stille procedure, are described. Preliminary investigations into the reaction between monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)5000-supported iodide 1a with tributylphenyltin 2 revealed that the optimal "liquid-phase" conditions employ PdCl2(PPh3)2 (0.1 equiv) catalysis with LiCl (10 equiv) in DMF at 80 degrees C for either 48 h (at 20 mM concentration of 1a) or 24 h (at 10 mM concentration of 1a). The soluble polymer-supported reaction is superior to its solution-phase counterpart because the tributyltin side products and excess reagents are easily separated from the product intermediate 3a by precipitation of 3a into diethyl ether followed by recovery of the polymer by filtration in > 99%. In addition, the homocoupled byproduct 6 is also removed during this precipitation step. Under these conditions the transesterified biaryl adduct 4a can be isolated in 97-98% yield. The scope of this reaction was probed in a parallel format with the PEG-supported electrophiles 1a-b and a range of tributyl stannanes 2 and 7-13 under the optimized conditions vide supra. Subsequent cleavage of the polymer-supported adducts, by transesterification, and short column chromatography yielded a library of substituted methyl benzoates 4a-b and 14a-b to 20a-b in high yield (69-99%) and purity (> 95%). <20> UI - 20174236 AU - Aleksandrov MT AU - Bazhanov NN AU - Vorob'ev AA AU - Taubinskii IM AU - Pashkov EP AU - Koz'ma SIu AU - Mitrokhin SD AU - Zaitseva EV AU - Budanova EV AU - Masychev VI TI - [Problem in the diagnosis of anaerobic infections and dysbacteriosis in clinical dentistry]. [Review] [1 refs] [Russian] SO - Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Meditsinskikh Nauk 1999;(12):13-8 AB - The fluorescence technique was proposed for rapid diagnosis of anaerobic infection. It determines the microbiocenosis of a wound, the gastrointestinal tract, maxillofacial region, and other pathologically changed organs and tissues. The technique allows one to follow the time course of changes in the microflora and in the pathological process during the treatment and follow-up of a patient. An attempt was made to establish a rapid diagnosis of intestinal dysbacteriosis and to evaluate its severity. A real-time feed-back unit was developed for the diagnosis of anaerobic infection. An anaerobic microflora model in dental caries was used to work out criteria for the informative value of the proposed technique and it was clinically tested. [References: 1] <21> UI - 20204647 AU - Wenzel A AU - Hintze H IN - Department of Oral Radiology, Royal Dental College, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Aarhus, Denmark. TI - Comparison of microscopy and radiography as gold standards in radiographic caries diagnosis. SO - Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology 1999 May;28(3):182-5 AB - OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of the choice of gold standard on the diagnostic outcome of approximal caries detection in original and compressed digital radiographs. METHODS: 116 extracted teeth radiographed with a storage phosphor system constituted the original images. These images were compressed at 1:20 and 1:33 with the JPEG irreversible compression standard. Five radiologists scored the three sets of images for the presence of approximal caries on a five-rank confidence scale. The radiographic scores were validated by stereomicroscopy (the true gold standard). The individual ROC areas for the five observers were used to select the worst (obsworst) and the best (obsbest) performer: Their scores in the original images were used as the second and third 'gold standards' for the remaining observers. Mean ROC areas for the three observers with the three types of images were calculated using these two new 'gold standards'. Differences between the ROC areas when using microscopy, obsworst, and obsbest as the 'gold standard' were compared. RESULTS: The mean ROC areas in the original images were 0.66, 0.74 and 0.91 using the true gold standard and obsbest and obsworst as the 'gold standards' respectively. The difference between the true gold standard and obsworst was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mean ROC areas using the true gold standard decreased with increasing compression whereas they were constant or increased using obsworst and obsbest as 'gold standards', respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Accuracy in approximal caries diagnosis was significantly higher when an observer was the 'gold standard' than when the true gold standard was obtained by microscopy. Paradoxically, the compressed, degraded images were more accurate than the originals when an observer was the 'gold standard' while they were less accurate with the true gold standard. Thus, results obtained using observers' scores from the radiographs which are being evaluated, as validation for the presence of caries may mislead the clinician. <22> UI - 20204642 AU - Abreu Junior M AU - Tyndall DA AU - Platin E AU - Ludlow JB AU - Phillips C IN - Division of Maxillofacial Radiology, Federal Unversity of Santa Catarina School of Dentistry, Florianopolis, Brasil. TI - Two- and three-dimensional imaging modalities for the detection of caries. A comparison between film, digital radiography and tuned aperture computed tomography (TACT). SO - Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology 1999 May;28(3):152-7 AB - OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic performance provided by two- (film and digital radiography) and three-dimensional imaging modalities (TACT slices and TACT pseudoholograms) in the detection of primary caries. METHODS: Forty-two extracted human posterior teeth were mounted and imaged with conventional film and direct digital radiography. Free-hand positioning of a dental X-ray source was used for all exposures. From the digital images, iteratively restored TACT slices and TACT pseudoholograms were generated. Film images were viewed on a viewbox. Digital format images were viewed on a high-resolution monitor. Eight observers used a five-point scale to score the presence or absence of occlusal and proximal caries using the four image modalities. Observers' assessments were compared with the histological examination of tooth sections. Possible differences in ROC curve areas among image modalities, observers, and surfaces were assessed by ANOVA. Intra- and interobserver reliability as indicated by intraclass correlation was also calculated. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the diagnostic performances of film, digital radiography, TACT slices and TACT pseudoholograms in the detection of caries (P = 0.310). Intraclass correlation indicated the highest concordance both within and between observers when film was used for the evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Under the experimental conditions of this study, three-dimensional TACT images did not improve caries detection over film or digital radiography. Further research should investigate the effects of imaging variables on TACT's diagnostic efficacy. <23> UI - 20204638 AU - Wenzel A AU - Hintze H TI - The choice of gold standard for evaluating tests for caries diagnosis [editorial]. [Review] [85 refs] SO - Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology 1999 May;28(3):132-6 <24> UI - 20138629 AU - Sato H AU - Kagayama M AU - Sasano Y AU - Mayanagi H IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan. TI - Distribution of interglobular dentine in human tooth roots. SO - Cells Tissues Organs 2000;166(1):40-7 AB - The present study was designed to examine the distribution of interglobular dentine in human tooth roots. The material comprised 17 teeth, of which 3 were premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons from children 10-12 years of age and the other teeth (4 incisors, 3 canines and 7 molars) were extracted for periodontitis from individuals aged 32-63 years. All teeth were free of caries and cervical dentine defects. Ground sections of the teeth cut longitudinally were stained with basic fuchsin and observed by fluorescence and confocal microscopy as well as transmitted light microscopy. Basic fuchsin stained the dentinal tubules, interglobular dentine and the granular layer of Tomes. These structures appeared intense blue to faint violet with transmitted light microscopy, whereas their staining displayed intense fluorescence with fluorescence microscopy. Therefore, the interglobular dentine could be detected more sensitively with fluorescence and confocal microscopy than with transmitted light microscopy. Typical interglobular dentine was present in coronal dentine in most of the teeth. In the radicular dentin, position and size of the interglobular dentine was different among the teeth examined. Most of the teeth had the interglobular dentine in the cervical part of the roots (type A). Two premolars displayed the interglobular dentine in the coronal half of the root (type B). The types A and B contained large interglobular areas. A small amount of interglobular dentine was restricted to the apical half of the roots of two canines and one molar (type C). In contrast to types A and B which were seen at both labial or buccal and lingual sides of roots, the interglobular dentine of type C was seen only at one side, labial or lingual. Some of the tooth roots did not show any interglobular dentine (type D). Most of the incisors, canines and premolar were types A, B, and C, respectively, and the molars were mixed types A, C, and D. These results suggest that the factors affecting dentinogenesis during root formation are unique for each tooth. Copyright 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel <25> UI - 20190765 AU - White SC AU - Yoon DC AU - Tetradis S IN - Section of Oral Radiology, University of California at Los Angeles School of Dentistry, USA. TI - Digital radiography in dentistry: what it should do for you. [Review] [84 refs] SO - Journal of the California Dental Association 1999 Dec;27(12):942-52 AB - Digital radiology will become an important part of dental practice. Manufacturers should develop more sophisticated tools, including software for digital subtraction; image processing routines for the diagnosis of caries, periodontitis and periapical disease; tools for three-dimensional viewing of the teeth and supporting structures; and analysis of bone trabecular pattern for early detection of systemic disease. Hardware improvements should include increased dynamic range and sensitivity to radiation, and improved resolution. Sensors should be made the size of film, and components should be interchangeable across manufacturers. The true opportunity offered by digital imaging, computer-aided diagnosis, should continue to develop with particular attention to development of tools that add value for solving diagnostic problems and ease of use for the dentist and patient. [References: 84] <26> UI - 20190756 AU - Murdoch-Kinch CA IN - University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, USA. TI - Oral medicine: advances in diagnostic procedures. [Review] [46 refs] SO - Journal of the California Dental Association 1999 Oct;27(10):773-80, 782-4 AB - In the latter part of the 20th century, the computer and molecular biology have facilitated great scientific progress in medicine and dentistry. In dentistry, emerging clinical methods based in molecular biology and digital technology have the potential to improve the early diagnosis of dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer. In addition, saliva shows potential as a convenient substitute for blood in diagnostic testing for systemic and oral diseases. DNA chip technology, a new system that combines these two technologies, has potential diagnostic value in dentistry as well as medicine. For each of the three common oral disease processes, emerging diagnostic procedures are discussed, with an emphasis on their potential utility for the practicing dentist of the 21st century. [References: 46] <27> UI - 20190739 AU - Hashieh IA AU - Pommel L AU - Camps J IN - Faculte d'Odontologie, Marseille, France. TI - Concentration of eugenol apically released from zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealers. SO - Journal of Endodontics 1999 Nov;25(11):713-5 AB - This study investigated the amount of eugenol released from a zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealer at the apex of teeth filled according to two techniques: the single-cone and the Thermafil. The crown of 10 maxillary central incisors was removed, and the canal was prepared with ProFile to a size 30 under NaOCl irrigation. The patency of the apex was checked with a :8 K-file between each ProFile. Five roots were filled with a Thermafil :30 and 0.03 g of Sealite; five roots were filled using a Lentulo with 0.07 g of sealer and a gutta-percha cone :30. The powder/liquid ratio of the sealer was of 5/1. The concentration of eugenol released in phosphate-buffered saline was spectrofluorimetrically determined immediately after sealing, after 1 day, and after 1 month of storage. The roots filled with the single-cone technique released significantly more eugenol than these filled with Thermafil immediately after sealing (p = 0.002); but, after 1-day or 1-month storage, there was no difference. For both techniques, eugenol concentration decreased over time (p = 0.01): the immediate concentration was higher than the 1-day concentration (p = 0.04). Eugenol concentration after 1-month storage was undetectable. The results of this work show that the level of eugenol released from a zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealer beyond the apex is very low and decreases over time. <28> UI - 20178632 AU - Martin G AU - Halwani F AU - Shibata H AU - Meterissian S IN - Department of Surgical Oncology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Que. TI - Value of DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction as prognostic factors in stage III cutaneous melanoma. SO - Canadian Journal of Surgery 2000 Feb;43(1):29-34 AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic value of flow cytometric analysis (S-phase fraction and DNA index) performed on lymph-node metastases of patients with stage III melanoma. DESIGN: A retrospective chart review with flow cytometric analysis of paraffin-embedded tissues. SETTING: A university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Among 332 patients with cutaneous melanoma, 33 with stage III were identified. Distant metastases developed in 16 patients; 17 had no further recurrence. Charts were reviewed to obtain clinicopathologic parameters such as sex, age, location of the primary tumour, histologic features, presence or absence of ulceration, and Clark's and Breslow's levels. INTERVENTION: DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction were determined on the paraffin-embedded nodes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The groups with or without recurrence were compared in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). These survival parameters were correlated with DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction. RESULTS: By univariate analysis, clinicopathologic factors did not predict OS. A higher Clark's level of invasion and more than 3 positive lymph nodes were associated with shorter DFS (p < 0.05). Tumour thickness and S-phase fraction did not correlate with either DFS or OS. Patients with diploid lymph-node metastases had an 87% 12-month survival compared with 41% for those with aneuploid tumours. CONCLUSIONS: DNA ploidy may be used as a prognostic index in patients with lymph-node metastases. This could be particularly useful in the context of sentinel lymph-node mapping by which more patients are being identified with single microscopic lymph-node involvement. <29> UI - 20168644 AU - Cuny M AU - Kramar A AU - Courjal F AU - Johannsdottir V AU - Iacopetta B AU - Fontaine H AU - Grenier J AU - Culine S AU - Theillet C IN - Genome et Cancer UMR 5535 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherche et de Lutte contre le Cancer Val d'Aurelle-Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France. TI - Relating genotype and phenotype in breast cancer: an analysis of the prognostic significance of amplification at eight different genes or loci and of p53 mutations. SO - Cancer Research 2000 Feb 15;60(4):1077-83 AB - Breast cancer heterogeneity can be related directly to its variability at the genetic level. Thus, tumor genotyping could be a valuable approach to define breast tumor subtypes. It has been shown that it is possible to delineate subgroups of breast tumors according to specific sets of DNA amplifications. The aim of the present work was to study the prognostic significance of these DNA amplifications. We studied DNA amplification at eight genes or loci (AIB1, CCND1, EMS1, ERBB2, FGFR1, MDM2, MYC, and RMC20C001) as well as p53 mutations in a series of 640 breast cancer patients who had not received presurgical therapy and analyzed the correlations with survival DNA amplification was assessed by Southern blotting and was scored positive when exceeding three to five copies. Mutations in the p53 gene were searched by four-color fluorescent single. strand conformational polymorphism, using an automated sequencer. Of the nine genetic alterations tested, four (CCND1, EMS1, FGFR1, and p53 mutations) showed a significant association with reduced disease-free (DFS) and/or overall survival (OVS) in the unselected set of patients by univariate test. Correlations for p53 were found only when selecting mutations in exons 5 or 7. Analysis of node-negative and -positive subgroups of patients showed that MDM2 amplification and p53 mutations bore prognostic significance in node-negative patients, whereas amplification of CCND1, EMS1, and FGFR1 correlated with poor outcome in node-positive patients. Multivariate analysis on an unselected set of patients retained significance for the amplification of EMS1, FGFR1, and MDM2 with DFS, of CCND1 with OVS, and of RMC20C001 with both DFS and OVS. Interestingly, stratified analysis according to nodal status confirmed results obtained in the univariate tests: significance of MDM2 amplification and p53 mutations in node-negative and that of CCND1, EMS1, and FGFR1 in node-positive patients. We also observed an association between the number of genetic alterations observed in a tumor and poor prognosis. Patients with two or more amplified loci had a worsened outcome. Strongly correlating coamplifications such as CCND1 and FGFR1, as well as ERBB2 and MYC, were associated with a significant reduction of patient survival, thus indicating cooperative effects. Our data support the idea that genetic alterations in breast cancer are not only helpful for phenotyping purposes, but can also represent powerful prognostic indicators in the clinical practice. <30> UI - 20087381 AU - Fontana M AU - Buller TL AU - Dunipace AJ AU - Stookey GK AU - Gregory RL IN - Oral Health Research Institute, School of Dentistry and School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. mfontan@iusd.iupui.edu TI - An In vitro microbial-caries model used to study the efficacy of antibodies to Streptococcus mutans surface proteins in preventing dental caries. SO - Clinical & Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 2000 Jan;7(1):49-54 AB - The first step for a pathogenic bacterium to initiate infection is via attachment (i.e., through surface determinants) to a suitable receptor. An in vitro microbial artificial-mouth model was used to test the efficacy of polyclonal antibodies to Streptococcus mutans cell surface proteins (CsAb) and a cell surface 59-kDa protein (59Ab) in preventing S. mutans colonization and carious lesion formation. In study 1, groups of 12 human teeth specimens were inoculated with S. mutans, which were incubated with different concentrations of CsAb (A1 [positive control], sterile saline, no antibody; A2, 0.007 mg of antibody protein/ml; and A3, 0.7 mg of antibody protein/ml) for 1 h at 37 degrees C. The negative control group (B1) was not infected and was incubated with Trypticase soy broth (TSB) without dextrose supplemented with 5% sucrose (TSBS). In study 2, the same study design was used except that 59Ab was used instead of CsAb, normal rabbit serum was used in the positive control group (A1), and TSB supplemented with 1% glucose was used as the nutrient to control for sucrose-dependent colonization. All groups were exposed for 4 days to circulating cycles of TSBS and TSB (study 1 and study 2, respectively; 30 min each, three times per day) and a mineral washing solution (21 h per day). Prior to each nutrient cycle, 1 ml of the appropriate CsAb or 59Ab solution was administered to each group and allowed to mix for 30 min before cycling was resumed. Data obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated the presence of a significantly smaller (P < 0.05) lesion area and a smaller total lesion fluorescence in group A3 than in group A1 for both studies. In study 1, group A2 had significantly smaller values than A1 for lesion depth and area. There were no significant differences between groups A2 and A3 for lesion area or between groups A1 and A2 for total lesion fluorescence. In study 2, there were no significant differences among groups A1 and A2 for lesion depth or between groups A2 and A3 for all of the parameters studied. In both studies, there were no significant differences between S. mutans plaque CFU numbers among any of the groups. These studies demonstrated the efficacy of CsAb and 59Ab in reducing primary caries development in this model, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. <31> UI - 20070728 AU - Teranishi K AU - Hisamatsu M AU - Yamada T IN - Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Kamihama, Tsu 514-8507, Japan. teranisi@bio.mie-u.ac.jp TI - Chemiluminescence of 2-methyl-6-arylimidazo-[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one in protic solvents: electron-donating substituent effect on the formation of the neutral singlet excited-state molecule. SO - Luminescence 1999 Nov-Dec;14(6):297-302 AB - 2-Methyl-6-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-ones with a substituent such as phenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl or 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl at the 6-position of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one ring system, produced chemiluminescence emission in mixtures of water and DMF and in several mixtures of MeOH and DMF under neutral conditions. Under these protic luminescence conditions, the respective light emissions were generated from neutral singlet excited-state molecules. The electron-donating effect of the 4-methoxy substituent on the phenyl group increased the efficiency of the neutral singlet excited state formation, whereas non-substitution and a 4-trifluoromethoxy group having no electron donating ability decreased the efficiency. The compound having the electron-donating methoxy group substituent showed two chemiluminescence emitters, which generated light at lambda(max) 410-420 nm and 460 nm. It was determined that the neutral molecules in the excited state generating light emission at the shorter wavelengths are neutral singlet excited-state molecules suitable for highly efficient singlet excited-state formation. A role of the electron-donating effect of the methoxy group is postulated to be generation of the special neutral singlet excited-state molecules. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. <32> UI - 20107637 AU - Youssefzadeh S AU - Gahleitner A AU - Bernhart D AU - Bernhart T IN - Universitatsklinik fur Radiodiagnostik, Wien. TI - [Conventional dental radiography and future prospectives]. [German] SO - Radiologe 1999 Dec;39(12):1018-26 AB - Until recently, conventional dental radiology was performed by dentists and orofacial surgeons. Due to the rapid development of radiological technique, the demand of radiological advice is increasing. The radiologists see more and more dental patients in their daily routine. The aim of this article is to give an overview on established dental radiology and a glimpse into the future. Conventional dental radiology and digital radiography are presently in use. Intraoral technique comprises dental films, bite-wing views and occlusal radiographs. Panoramic views and cephalometric radiographs are done with extraoral technique. Digital radiography lacks all processes in behalf of film development. It leads to dose reduction and enables image manipulation. <33> UI - 20007489 AU - Ohsaki K AU - Shibata A AU - Ii K AU - Ye Q AU - Tran YH AU - Yamashita S IN - Division of Clinical Otology, University Hospital, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima,Japan. TI - Long-term microstructural analyses of hydroxyapatite implanted in rats using laser-Raman spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. SO - Cellular & Molecular Biology 1999 Sep;45(6):793-803 AB - To investigate the long-term surface microstructure of a synthetic auditory ossicle (Apaceram) composed of dense hydroxyapatite (HA), thin HA disks were implanted subcutaneously into the interscapular regions of 12 rats. After 6, 14 and 20 months, implanted HA surfaces were observed using stereoscopic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser-Raman spectrometry. Visual observation by SEM at 6 months and by stereoscopic microscopy at 14 months indicated a progressive degradation of the HA disk surfaces implanted in the subcutaneous tissue. Visual observation by SEM at 14 and 20 months and by stereoscopic microscopy at 20 months indicated a progressive redeposition on the surfaces of the implants. Raman spectra compared half-peak breadths of v1 signal (PO4(3-), 960 cm(-1)) on the gray and white surface areas of implanted HA disks observed by stereoscopic microscopy. Analysis demonstrates that demineralization at 14 months and remineralization at 20 months occur on the gray areas; demineralization at 6 months and remineralization at 14 months occur on the white areas. <34> UI - 20101181 AU - Spencer P AU - Swafford JR IN - Department of Oral Biology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Dentistry 64108, USA. SpencerP@umkc.edu TI - Unprotected protein at the dentin-adhesive interface. SO - Quintessence International 1999 Jul;30(7):501-7 AB - OBJECTIVE: With dental bonding systems that require acid etching of dentin, inadequate adhesive penetration can leave exposed collagen at the dentin-adhesive interface. The exposed collagen could be degraded by bacterial proteases, compromising the integrity of the dentin-adhesive bond and, ultimately, the restoration. The purpose of this study was to develop a nondestructive staining technique to identify exposed collagenous protein at the dentin-adhesive interface. METHOD AND MATERIALS: The following adhesives were placed, according to manufacturer's instructions, on dentin cut from 15 human third molars: Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus, and 3M Single Bond. Light microscopic sections of native dentin-adhesive interfaces of each tooth were cut and stained with Goldner's trichrome. This reagent stained exposed protein in the sections a distinct red-orange. RESULTS: Exposed protein was identified at the dentin-adhesive interface with each of the adhesives. Corollary scanning electron microscopic examination confirmed the presence of exposed protein, i.e., protein that was removed by sodium hypochlorite, at the interface. Sites of exposed protein that were clearly identified in the light microscopic sections were obscured in the transmission electron microscopic sections. CONCLUSION: In vitro identification of inadequacies in the dentin-adhesive bond is the first step in determining sites that may be vulnerable to premature breakdown under clinical conditions. <35> UI - 20036483 AU - Buglioni S AU - D'Agnano I AU - Cosimelli M AU - Vasselli S AU - D'Angelo C AU - Tedesco M AU - Zupi G AU - Mottolese M IN - Pathology Department, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. TI - Evaluation of multiple bio-pathological factors in colorectal adenocarcinomas: independent prognostic role of p53 and bcl-2. SO - International Journal of Cancer 1999 Dec 22;84(6):545-52 AB - About 40% of patients with colorectal carcinoma will develop local or distant tumour recurrences. Integrated analyses of bio-pathological markers, predictive of tumour aggressiveness, may offer a more rational approach to planning adjuvant therapy. To this end, we analysed the correlation between p53 accumulation, Bcl-2 expression, DNA ploidy, cell proliferation and conventional clinico-pathological parameters by testing the prognostic significance of these variables in a series of 171 colorectal carcinoma patients with long-term follow-up. The relationships among the various bio-pathological parameters, analysed by multiple correspondence analysis, showed 2 different clinico-biological profiles. The first, characterised by p53 negativity, Bcl-2 positivity, diploidy, low percentage of cells in S-phase (%S-phase), a low Ki-67 score, is associated with Dukes' A-B stage, well differentiated tumours and lack of relapse. The second, defined by p53 positivity, Bcl-2 negativity, aneuploidy, high %S-phase and elevated Ki-67 score, correlates with Dukes' C-D stage, poorly differentiated tumours and presence of relapse. When these parameters were examined according to Kaplan-Meier's method, significantly shorter disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were also observed in patients bearing p53 positive and Bcl-2 negative tumours, in Dukes' B stage. In multivariate analysis, p53 accumulation and Bcl-2 expression emerged as independent predictors of a worse and better clinical outcome, respectively. Our results indicate that, in colorectal adenocarcinomas, a biological profile, based on the combined evaluation of p53 and Bcl-2, may be useful for identifying high risk patients to be enrolled in an adjuvant setting, mainly in an early stage of the disease. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 84:545-552, 1999. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. <36> UI - 20040888 AU - Ciftcioglu N AU - Bjorklund M AU - Kuorikoski K AU - Bergstrom K AU - Kajander EO IN - Department of Biochemistry, University of Kuopio, Finland. neva.ciftcioglu@uku.fi TI - Nanobacteria: an infectious cause for kidney stone formation. SO - Kidney International 1999 Nov;56(5):1893-8 AB - BACKGROUND: Nanobacteria are cytotoxic, sterile-filterable, gram-negative, atypical bacteria detected in bovine and human blood. Nanobacteria produce carbonate apatite on their cell walls. Data on Randall's plaques suggest that apatite may initiate kidney stone formation. We assessed nanobacteria in 72 consecutively collected kidney stones from Finnish patients. METHODS: Nanobacteria and kidney stone units were compared using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Demineralized kidney stones were screened for nanobacteria using a double-staining method and a specific culture method. Isolated nanobacteria were analyzed for mineral formation in vitro with Ca and 85Sr incorporation tests. RESULTS: SEM highlighted the resemblance in size and morphology of nanobacteria and the smallest apatite units in the kidney stones. Nanobacterial antigens could be detected after the demineralization of the stones in 1 N HCl. Nanobacteria were surprisingly resistant to this treatment, and cultures could be established from 93.1% of the stones. Only struvite stones had common bacteria, in addition to the nanobacteria. When the results of all of the assays were combined, 70 of the 72 stones (that is, 97.2%) were nanobacteria positive. Although apatite stones indicated highest nanobacteria antigen signals, the overall nanobacteria positivity did not depend on the stone type. The isolated nanobacteria produced apatite stones in vitro, measured by Ca and 85Sr incorporation. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that kidney stone formation is a nanobacterial disease analogous to Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease. Both diseases are initiated by bacterial infection and subsequently endogenous and dietary factors influence their progression. <37> UI - 20041584 AU - Yao Y AU - Lamkin MS AU - Oppenheim FG IN - Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Massachusetts 02118, USA. TI - Pellicle precursor proteins: acidic proline-rich proteins, statherin, and histatins, and their crosslinking reaction by oral transglutaminase. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1999 Nov;78(11):1696-703 AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that whole saliva and pellicle formed in vitro from oral fluid contain covalently crosslinked salivary proteins. The purpose of this study was to determine which salivary proteins can act as substrates for transglutaminase, an enzyme responsible for the covalent crosslink reaction between a glutamine residue and a lysine residue. Transglutaminase was prepared from the pellet fraction of human whole saliva. Dansyl cadaverine (N-dansyl-1,5-diaminopentane) was used to study the reactivity of glutamine residues in acidic large and small proline-rich proteins, statherin, and the major histatins, whereas a glutamine-containing dansylated peptide was used to study the reactivity of lysine residues in these proteins. Crosslink formation was measured fluorometrically after the addition of fluorescent probe to the salivary protein substrate and transglutaminase. The covalent attachment of the fluorescent probe to salivary proteins was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. It was found that almost all of the lysines present in the acidic PRPs and statherin, and some of the lysines present in histatins, could participate in the crosslink reaction. Glutamine reactivity was also observed, but a maximum of only 14% of glutamine residues present in acidic PRPs and statherin participated in the crosslink formation. These results demonstrate that primary pellicle precursor proteins, acidic proline-rich proteins, statherin, and the major histatins are capable of undergoing crosslink reactions catalyzed by oral transglutaminase. This may enable other proteins in the oral cavity to be incorporated into the acquired enamel pellicle. <38> UI - 20040332 AU - Shimizu H AU - Takizawa Y AU - Pulkkinen L AU - Murata S AU - Kawai M AU - Hachisuka H AU - Udono M AU - Uitto J AU - Nishikawa T IN - Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. TI - Epidermolysis bullosa simplex associated with muscular dystrophy: phenotype-genotype correlations and review of the literature. [Review] [22 refs] SO - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1999 Dec;41(6):950-6 AB - BACKGROUND: Epidermolysis bullosa simplex associated with muscular dystrophy (EBS-MD; OMIM: 226670) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by genetic defects in the plectin gene. Because EBS-MD is relatively rare, and gene defects have been elucidated only in a limited number of patients, the precise phenotype-genotype correlations have not yet been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to define clinical features of EBS-MD and to clarify its phenotype-genotype correlations. METHODS: Clinical, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of 4 unrelated Japanese patients with EBS-MD were recorded. In addition, 6 cases with defined plectin gene mutations reported in the literature were reviewed. RESULTS: In skin of the EBS-MD patients, the blister formation always occurs just above the hemidesmosomes, and expression of plectin is absent or markedly reduced in all cases examined. All 10 patients, including 6 cases in the literature, showed generalized blistering at birth or soon thereafter, and experienced nail deformities. In addition, decayed teeth (5 cases), urethral strictures (3), mild palmoplantar hyperkeratosis (2), infantile respiratory complications (2), alopecia (1), and laryngeal webs (1) were present. All 8 patients who were older than 9 years demonstrated considerable muscle weakness, and the majority of them ended up being wheelchair bound. Among the 10 patients, 7 were products of consanguineous marriage, 9 have premature termination codon (PTC) mutations in both alleles of the plectin gene, and 7 cases were homozygous for the mutation. One patient who is homozygous for a 2719del9 in-frame deletion mutation that resulted in elimination of 3 amino acids, QEA, could still walk at the age of 46 and showed milder clinical severity. CONCLUSION: EBS-MD reveals clinical features not only characteristic of EBS and MD, but also other manifestations including urethral, dental, and respiratory complications. The majority of patients are products of consanguineous marriage and have homozygous plectin gene mutations. Whereas patients with PTC mutations in both alleles typically showed severe clinical features of EBS-MD and ended up being wheelchair bound, a homozygous patient for an in-frame deletion mutation showed positive, yet attenuated, plectin expression and milder clinical phenotype. Thus plectin immunofluorescence, combined with identification of the underlying plectin mutations, is of value in predicting the severity of the muscle involvement that occurs later in life of patients with EBS-MD. [References: 22] <39> UI - 99448335 AU - Ross G TI - Caries diagnosis with the DIAGNOdent laser: a user's product evaluation. SO - Ontario Dentist 1999 Mar;76(2):21-4 AB - In the study, the DIAGNOdent has shown itself to be very accurate in the diagnosis of pit and fissure lesions. In the clinical situation, it showed a 92.1 per cent accuracy in diagnosing lesions, as well as their severity. In addition, when the unit showed a reading of less than 30, it was 100 per cent accurate in the virgin teeth. When the unit indicated that there was no caries in extracted teeth, it was accurate 98.1 per cent of the time. Now, for the first time, dentists can do research as to the speed of progression of caries, as well as what percentage of caries becomes arrested and what percentage deteriorate. <40> UI - 99396573 AU - Abreu M Jr AU - Tyndall DA AU - Ludlow JB IN - Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Santa Catarina School of Dentistry, Florianopolis, Brazil. TI - Detection of caries with conventional digital imaging and tuned aperture computed tomography using CRT monitor and laptop displays. SO - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, & Endodontics 1999 Aug;88(2):234-8 AB - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of conventional digital images and tuned aperture computed tomography (TACT) slices in caries detection through use of cathode-ray tube monitor and laptop displays. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-two extracted posterior teeth were mounted and imaged with a direct digital radiography system. Conventional digital bitewing projections and TACT slices were acquired. Images were viewed on a high-resolution cathode-ray tube monitor and on an active-matrix laptop display. Eight observers assessed caries status of occlusal and proximal surfaces of the teeth using all combinations of image and display modality. Observers' assessments were compared with the results of histologic examination of tooth sections. Possible differences in receiver operating characteristic curve areas among displays, image modalities, observers, and surfaces were analyzed by means of analysis of variance. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the diagnostic performances provided by the cathode-ray tube monitor and laptop displays in caries detection (P = .588). In addition, the performances of digital images and TACT slices were not significantly different (P = .843). CONCLUSIONS: Modern active-matrix laptop displays provide diagnostic quality for caries detection comparable to that obtainable with cathode-ray tube monitors. <41> UI - 99409667 AU - Tetu B AU - Brisson J AU - Lapointe H AU - Wang CS AU - Bernard P AU - Blanchette C IN - Department of Pathology, Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada. Bernard.Tetu@crhdq.ulaval.ca TI - Cathepsin D expression by cancer and stromal cells in breast cancer: an immunohistochemical study of 1348 cases. SO - Breast Cancer Research & Treatment 1999 May;55(2):137-47 AB - This study was aimed at investigating the influence of cathepsin D (CD) expression by cancer cells and stromal cells on breast cancer prognosis. This is a study of 1348 node-positive (NPBC) and node-negative (NNBC) breast cancers diagnosed between 1980 and 1986 and with a minimum follow-up of 5.2 years. CD expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry on archival material using a polyclonal antibody. The expression by cancer and stromal cells was assessed separately and correlated with distant metastasis free (DMFS) and overall survival (OS). Cancer cells expressed CD (more than 10% cells expressing CD) in 38.9% of cases and reactive stromal cells in 43.6%. CD expression by reactive stromal cells, and not cancer cells, correlated with several factors of poor prognosis by cancer cells. A strong association was also found with expression of other proteases (stromelysin-3, gelatinase A, and urokinase Plasminogen Activator) by these same reactive stromal cells. CD expression by cancer cells did not predict DMFS or OS but, by univariate analysis, CD expression by reactive stromal cells was associated with earlier recurrence and shorter survival in NNBC (p = 0.0425) and NPBC patients submitted to adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.0234). However, CD expression by reactive stromal cells remained a significant predictor of recurrence by multivariate analyses only in a subgroup of NPBC submitted to adjuvant chemotherapy. Overall, those data support the concept that proteases produced by reactive stromal cells are under cancer cell stimulation and that CD by stromal cells, and not cancer cells, influences the prognosis, but only in a subgroup of patients with breast cancer. <42> UI - 99276434 AU - Lussi A AU - Imwinkelried S AU - Pitts N AU - Longbottom C AU - Reich E IN - Department of Operative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland. TI - Performance and reproducibility of a laser fluorescence system for detection of occlusal caries in vitro. SO - Caries Research 1999 Jul-Aug;33(4):261-6 AB - The diagnosis of occlusal caries at non-cavitated sites remains problematic, especially since clinical visual detection has limited sensitivity. Electrical methods of detection show considerable promise, but specificity is reduced. The aims of this in vitro study were: (1) to assess the validity of a new laser fluorescence device--the DIAGNOdent--(and compare the values with those of a fixed-frequency electrical device); (2) to determine the optimum cut-off points of the new device for different stages of the caries process, and (3) to assess the reproducibility of the new laser device. For validity and determination of optimum cut-off points, 105 extracted teeth with macroscopically intact occlusal surfaces were measured by a single examiner, using both the laser fluorescence device (on both moist and dried teeth) and an Electronic Caries Monitor. The teeth were subsequently examined histologically to determine the specificity, sensitivity and likelihood ratio at the D2 (caries extending through more than half of the enamel thickness) and D3 (caries involving dentin) levels. The values obtained for the laser device ranged from 0.72 to 0.87 (specificity), 0.76 to 0.87 (sensitivity) and 3.0 to 5.6 (likelihood ratio). Those for the ECM ranged from 0.64 to 0.78 (specificity), 0. 87 to 0.92 (sensitivity) and 2.4 to 4.1 (likelihood ratio). To determine intra- and interexaminer reproducibility of the DIAGNOdent, 11 dentists recorded two different measurements at the same site on a separate set of 83 extracted molar teeth, and these were compared using Cohen's kappa (at D2 and D3 levels) and Spearman's correlation coefficient. The average intra-examiner kappa scores were 0.88 (D2) and 0.90 (D3), with a Spearman correlation of 0.97. For interexaminer reproducibility, the average kappa values were 0.65 (D2) and 0.73 (D3), with a Spearman correlation of 0.84. It is concluded that for occlusal caries (1) the new laser device has a higher diagnostic validity than the ECM, and (2) in vitro, measurements using the device are highly reproducible. Thus, the laser device could be a valuable tool for the longitudinal monitoring of caries and for assessing the outcome of preventive interventions. <43> UI - 99391684 AU - Gonzalez-Cabezas C AU - Li Y AU - Gregory RL AU - Stookey GK IN - Oral Health Research Institute, School of Dentistry and School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind. 46202, USA. CGONZALE@IUSD.IUPUI.EDU TI - Distribution of three cariogenic bacteria in secondary carious lesions around amalgam restorations. SO - Caries Research 1999 Sep-Oct;33(5):357-65 AB - Secondary dental caries remains an unresolved problem in dentistry and little is known of its microbial etiology. The purpose of this study was to compare the distribution of the three most suspected cariogenic groups of bacteria, mutans streptococci. Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 2 and lactobacilli, in natural secondary caries around amalgam restorations. Extracted teeth with secondary caries were sectioned to obtain three samples that were randomly distributed to three different groups. Each group was immunolabeled with antibodies to either Streptococcus mutans, A. naeslundii genospecies 2 or Lactobacillus casei and subsequently labeled with secondary fluorescent antibodies. All samples were analyzed three-dimensionally using confocal microscopy. The results indicated that the three different bacteria were widely present and could have an important role in the development of secondary caries around amalgam restorations. <44> UI - 99300765 AU - Gimsa J IN - Institut fur Biologie, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Germany. TI - New light-scattering and field-trapping methods access the internal electric structure of submicron particles, like influenza viruses. SO - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1999 Apr 20;873:287-98 AB - A variety of AC-electrokinetic field effects can be exploited for handling or electric characterization of microscopic and submicroscopic particles, like cells, organelles, supramolecular structures, and artificial colloids. Despite the fact that dielectric spectroscopy methods by AC-electrokinetics, like common impedance methods, are based on the impedance properties of the different constituents of the particles, the first methods yield higher parameter resolutions. A drawback of the electrokinetic methods was that they required microscopic observability of field-induced particle movements. New AC-electrokinetic methods like electrorotational light scattering (ERLS), dielectrophoretic phase-analysis light scattering (DPALS), and dielectrophoretic field trapping (DFT) solve this problem and access the submicroscopic particle range. This paper gives an introduction to the new methods and presents measurements on influenza viruses. To develop a dielectric virus model, experiments of ERLS were combined with DFT of viruses in microstructured electric-field cages. The model assumes a spherical virus with a radius of 50 nm and a single-shell dielectric structure. The shell thickness of 18 nm summarizes the dimensions of the lipid and viral surface protein layers. For this model, the conductivities of core and shell of 0.1 mS/m and 0.1 microS/m, respectively, and the relative permittivities of 30 and 80, respectively, were obtained. <45> UI - 99225389 AU - Lagerweij M AU - van der Veen M AU - Ando M AU - Lukantsova L AU - Stookey G IN - Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind., USA. M.Lagerweij@acta.nl TI - The validity and repeatability of three light-induced fluorescence systems: An in vitro study. SO - Caries Research 1999 May-Jun;33(3):220-6 AB - New optical systems are being developed that aim to determine the extent of demineralization in enamel. In our laboratory we have compared three such systems: a ring illuminator equipped with a laser, a beam splitter also equipped with a laser and an intra-oral camera equipped with a white-light arc lamp. The aim of the study was to compare the ability of the different optical systems to detect small enamel lesions with microradiographic analysis and to determine the repeatability of these systems. Forty human enamel specimens (3mm in diameter) were mounted in acrylic and polished. The specimens were kept moist throughout the study. Each specimen of the four groups was individually exposed to 14 ml of Carbopol demineralizing solution for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively. The mineral loss of the 40 specimens was assessed with blue-violet light- induced fluorescence. Each image was captured with a video camera and analysed with dedicated software. The measurements were repeated 3 times with complete shut-down of the system in between the measurements. The same measurements were performed with the ring illuminator, the beam splitter and the arc lamp. The specimens were then cut into thin sections and analysed with microradiography. Similar high correlations between microradiography and the light-based analysis systems were found for the beam splitter and the clinical caries camera set-up. The repeatability was best for the beam splitter set-up. This indicates that the light-induced fluorescence measurement technique can be used in different configurations and that the repeatability of the measurements is influenced by the physical stability of the set-up. <46> UI - 99225390 AU - Eggertsson H AU - Analoui M AU - van der Veen M AU - Gonzalez-Cabezas C AU - Eckert G AU - Stookey G IN - Department of Oral Biology, Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind., USA. heggerts@iusd.iupui.edu TI - Detection of early interproximal caries in vitro using laser fluorescence, dye-enhanced laser fluorescence and direct visual examination. SO - Caries Research 1999 May-Jun;33(3):227-33 AB - This in vitro study evaluated the use of laser fluorescence (LF) for the detection of early interproximal carious lesions and whether the detection could be enhanced using a fluorescent dye (DELF). Direct visual examination (DV) was used for comparison. Eighty extracted teeth were used, arranged in 20 blocks, each block having 2 premolars and 2 molars, lined up in a simulated sextant situation. After cleaning with a microabrasion kit, a subcontact window on half of the surfaces (60) was exposed to Carbopol white-spot solution for 5 days. The teeth were remounted in stone and examined by three independent examiners. For LF and DELF an argon laser was used (mixed wavelength of 488 and 514 nm) viewed through glasses (excluding wavelength <520 nm). For DELF a sodium fluorescein dye (0. 075%) was applied before examination. A clinical examination light was used for DV. The approximal surfaces were scored for lesion presence or absence. To verify lesion presence, the subcontact area was cut perpendicularly to the surface, stained with rhodamine B, and images were taken using a confocal microscope. The images were analyzed using a histogram program for lesion depth and image area. Lesions were present in 62 out of 120 approximal surfaces, with an average depth of 60 microm (range 17-190 microm). Sensitivity ranges for LF, DELF and DV were 56-74, 61-79 and 58-74%, and specificity ranges 67-78, 86-98 and 83-97%, respectively. With this model DELF compared favorably with DV and LF in sensitivity, but specificity was better for DELF and DV than for LF. <47> UI - 99225391 AU - Eickholz P AU - Kolb I AU - Lenhard M AU - Hassfeld S AU - Staehle H IN - Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dental Clinic, Ruprecht Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany. peter:eickholz@ukl.uni-heidelberg.de TI - Digital radiography of interproximal caries: effect of different filters. SO - Caries Research 1999 May-Jun;33(3):234-41 AB - The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different image processing modes (filters) on reproducibility and validity of the assessment of interproximal carious lesions on digitized radiographic images. Standardized radiographs of 34 extracted teeth exhibiting interproximal caries were obtained. All radiographs were digitized and using the FRIACOM-software the central depth (CD) of each carious lesion was measured on the unchanged radiographic image and after use of five different filters with 7fold and 18fold magnification. All measurements were repeated after 1 week to estimate reproducibility. Histometric CD assessments provided a gold standard for comparison with the radiographic measurements (validity). Neither reproducibility nor validity of CD measurements were improved by one of the filters. Measurements of dentinal lesions showed a statistically higher variability than those of enamel lesions (p<0.001). 18fold magnification provided more valid CD measurements than 7fold magnification (p<0.001). In this study digital manipulations of radiographic images failed to result in statistically significantly improved reproducibility or validity of CD measurements. <48> UI - 99301394 AU - Rego EM AU - Tone LG AU - Garcia AB AU - Falcao RP IN - Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. TI - CD10 and CD19 fluorescence intensity of B-cell precursors in normal and leukemic bone marrow. Clinical characterization of CD10(+strong) and CD10(+weak) common acute lymphoblastic leukemia. SO - Leukemia Research 1999 May;23(5):441-50 AB - In order to assess the age-related changes in CD10 and CD19 fluorescence intensity (FI) the present study analyzed by flow cytometry 56 sternal biopsies from 'normal' infants, children and adults undergoing cardiac surgery. The CD10(+weak) subset was predominant in all age groups, representing approximately 50% of the bone marrow (BM) lymphoid cells in children younger than 4 years. Both CD10+ subsets significantly decreased with age but their ratio did not differ significantly. Moreover, the intensity of CD10 and CD19 fluorescence in the strong and weak subsets did not vary with age. The CD19 intensity was significantly higher in CD10(+weak) than in CD10(+strong) cells. In addition, we classified as CD10(+weak) or CD10(+strong) the leukemic cells from BM aspirates of 117 patients with common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) (78 children and 39 adults). A higher frequency of cases expressing the CD19+ CD10(+strong) phenotype was observed both in children and adults. Children of the CD10(+weak) group tended to be older than those of the CD10(+strong) group (median = 7 vs. 4 years, P = 0.07), and presented a significantly higher frequency of splenomegaly (93.7 vs. 55%, P = 0.04), which was massive in about 60% of these cases. Among adults, a significantly higher frequency of cases expressing the CD10(+weak) phenotype was observed in females. No other clinical or biological difference was detected between the two groups either for children or adults. Concerning the treatment outcome, we did not observe significant differences in complete remission rate (CRR) or in disease free survival (DFS) among the 32 children and 28 adults analyzed. Finally, we compared the CD10 and CD19 intensity in normal and leukemic BM. Overexpression of either or both antigens in leukemic cells was observed in 42.4% of the cALL cases. In these cases, using cut off values of 110 afu for the CD10 FI and of 100 afu for the CD19 FI, the detection of leukemic cells was possible at levels of 0.2% based on CD10 analysis, of 0.6% based on CD19, and 0.02% when both antigens were overexpressed. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the heterogeneity of CD10 and CD19 fluorescence intensity is of no clinical relevance in cALL, although its study may be helpful for the diagnosis and the detection of minimal residual disease. <49> UI - 99245764 AU - Konig K AU - Schneckenburger H AU - Hibst R IN - Institute of Anatomy/Anatomy II, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany. kkoe@mti-n.uni-jena.de TI - Time-gated in vivo autofluorescence imaging of dental caries. SO - Cellular & Molecular Biology 1999 Mar;45(2):233-9 AB - Laser-induced time-resolved autofluorescence from carious lesions of human teeth was studied by means of ultrashort pulsed laser systems, time-correlated single photon counting and time-gated imaging. Carious regions exhibited a slower fluorescence decay with a main 17 ns fluorescence lifetime than healthy hard dental tissue. The long-lived fluorophore present in carious lesions only emits in the red spectral region. Fluorescence decay time and spectral characteristics are typical of fluorescent metal-free porphyrin monomers. The spatial distribution of the long-lived endogenous porphyrin fluorophore within the tooth material was detected by time-gated nanosecond autofluorescence imaging. In particular, high contrast video images were obtained with an appropriate time delay of 15 ns to 25 ns between excitation and detection due to the suppression of short-lived autofluorescence of healthy tissue. First in vivo applications are reported indicating the potential of time-resolved fluorescence diagnostics for early caries- and dental plaque detection. <50> UI - 99282775 AU - Tsuchiya H IN - Department of Dental Pharmacology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Hozumi, Gifu, Japan. hiro@dent.asahi-u.ac.jp TI - Effects of green tea catechins on membrane fluidity. SO - Pharmacology 1999 Jul;59(1):34-44 AB - Catechins originating from green tea have been used in plaque inhibition for caries prevention and treatment for liver damage because of their antibacterial activity against cariogenic bacteria and protective activity on hepatic cells. The effects of catechins on membrane fluidity were studied by a fluorescence polarization method using liposomes prepared with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine to assess their pharmacological mechanism at micromol/l levels found in human body fluids after clinical application. All eight catechins tested, ranging from 1 to 1,000 micromol/l, significantly reduced membrane fluidity in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions of lipid bilayers. Catechin gallate esters were superior in fluidity reduction to the corresponding nonesters. The fluidity-reducing degree was different between the cis and trans forms, suggesting the stereospecific activity of catechins. A reference antiplaque agent, chlorhexidine, similarly reduced membrane fluidity at the antibacterial concentration. (+)-Catechin (250 micromol/l) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (2.5 micromol/l) significantly prevented the membrane fluidization induced by hepatotoxic chloroform. These results indicate that the reduction in membrane fluidity is responsible for the antiplaque and hepatoprotective effects of green tea catechins. <51> UI - 99189376 AU - Harbeck N AU - Ross JS AU - Yurdseven S AU - Dettmar P AU - Polcher M AU - Kuhn W AU - Ulm K AU - Graeff H AU - Schmitt M IN - Frauenklinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitat Munchen, D-81675 Munich, Germany. TI - HER-2/neu gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization allows risk-group assessment in node-negative breast cancer. SO - International Journal of Oncology 1999 Apr;14(4):663-71 AB - In a collective of 112 node-negative breast cancer patients, we compared the prognostic impact of HER-2/neu gene amplification (AMP) determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and HER-2/neu protein overexpression (EXP) measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with traditional prognostic factors (tumor size, grade, steroid hormone receptor status, menopausal status) and tumor invasion markers uPA (urokinase-type plasminogen activator) and its inhibitor PAI-1 determined by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Median follow-up in patients still alive at time of analysis was 7 years. Automated FISH and IHC were performed on parallel-cut formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. HER-2/neu AMP was detected by FISH in 31% and HER-2/neu EXP was measured by IHC in 41% of the cases. In 13% of the tumors, both AMP and EXP were found. FISH and IHC results were concordant in 56% of all analyzed cases. In univariate analysis, HER-2/neu AMP significantly predicted both disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). HER-2/neu EXP was significant for OS, only. In multivariate analysis of all analyzed prognostic factors, HER-2/neu AMP was the only independent predictive factor for both DFS and OS. CART analysis revealed that HER-2/neu AMP together with the combination uPA/PAI-1 allowed optimal risk-group assessment after a 7-year median follow-up: patients with low levels of both uPA and PAI-1 and no HER-2/neu AMP had a significantly lower relapse rate (4.6%) than the remaining patients (32%). In conclusion, HER-2/neu gene AMP determined by FISH allowed a more accurate risk-group assessment than HER-2/neu protein EXP measured by IHC. Combining the HER-2/neu gene status measured by FISH with levels of tumor invasion markers uPA and PAI-1 improves clinically relevant risk-group assessment. In addition to its prognostic strength, the significant impact of HER-2/neu AMP on OS may reflect its ability to predict resistance to systemic therapy. <52> UI - 99240092 AU - Tsang RW AU - Wong CS AU - Fyles AW AU - Levin W AU - Manchul LA AU - Milosevic M AU - Chapman W AU - Li YQ AU - Pintilie M IN - Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Canada. TI - Tumour proliferation and apoptosis in human uterine cervix carcinoma II: correlations with clinical outcome. SO - Radiotherapy & Oncology 1999 Jan;50(1):93-101 AB - PURPOSE: The prognostic value of tumour proliferation and apoptosis measurements were studied prospectively in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix, relative to other established clinical factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The labelling index (LI) for bromodeoxyuridine was determined by flow cytometry (fc) and also by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was assessed histologically using morphological criteria. Patients were treated with radical radiation therapy (RT). RESULTS: The median/mean LI-fc were 6.7%/7.9% (range 1.52-3.9%). The median/mean apoptosis index (AI) were 1.0%/1.6% (range 0-6.8%). To date, 27 patients have died of disease, and the median follow-up for alive patients is 3.2 years (range 0.4-6.0 years). Among 64 patients who completely responded to treatment, 25 patients have relapsed (six pelvic, 17 distant and two pelvic and distant). In univariate analysis, the most significant factors for disease-free survival (DFS) were large tumour size (P=0.0001), low haemoglobin (P=0.01 ), LI-fc (DFS 67% for LI < 7%, 33% for LI > or = 7%, P=0.03), and T(pot) (DFS 66% for T(pot) > 5 days, 35% for T(pot) < or = 5 days, P=0.04) Stage, overall treatment time (OTT), S-phase fraction, ploidy, T(s), LI by histology, mitotic index, and AI were not significant. Multivariate analysis (Cox's model) showed that the only significant prognostic factors for DFS were tumour size and OTT. However, for small tumours (diameter < 6 cm), either a high LI-fc ( > or = 7%) or a high AI ( > 1%) was associated with poorer DFS, whereas patients with larger tumours (diameter > or = 6 cm) fared poorly regardless of LI-fc and AI. CONCLUSIONS: Tumour size was the most important prognostic factor in cervix carcinoma. Although none of the biologic parameters have independent prognostic significance when the effect of initial tumour size was taken into account, our data suggests that LI and AI may be useful in discriminating outcome for patients with smaller tumours when managed by radical RT. These findings support the hypothesis that rapidly proliferating tumours are less likely to be controlled with a conventional course of RT. <53> UI - 99245179 AU - Alo PL AU - Visca P AU - Trombetta G AU - Mangoni A AU - Lenti L AU - Monaco S AU - Botti C AU - Serpieri DE AU - Di Tondo U IN - Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Patologia, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Italy. TI - Fatty acid synthase (FAS) predictive strength in poorly differentiated early breast carcinomas. SO - Tumori 1999 Jan-Feb;85(1):35-40 AB - AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Many normal and human cancer tissues express fatty acid synthase (FAS), the major enzyme required for endogenous fatty acid biosynthesis. Strong expression of FAS seems to be associated with a poor prognosis. This study examines the strength of FAS and other common markers of relapse in poorly differentiated breast carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one patients with poorly differentiated ductal infiltrating breast carcinomas were followed up for more than 10 years. Immunohistochemical detection of FAS was associated with morphological features of the tumors, with immunohistochemical expression of c-erbB-2, cathepsin D, estrogen and progesterone receptor status and with DNA ploidy in order to detect a statistical correlation. RESULTS: The chi-square test revealed a correlation between FAS and peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion (PLVI) (P = 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that FAS was correlated with disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.0001). Other prognosticators associated with DFS were PLVI (P = 0.002), estrogen (P = 0.008) and progesterone receptor status (P = 0.007). Bivariate analysis showed that FAS was a further prognostic discriminant of DFS within the ER, PgR and PLVI subsets. DISCUSSION: FAS is a reliable prognosticator of recurrence in poorly differentiated early breast carcinomas. Association of FAS with PLVI may be useful to plan a correct follow-up in patients with breast neoplasms. <54> UI - 99180337 AU - van der Laak JA AU - Schijf CP AU - Kerstens HM AU - Heijnen-Wijnen TH AU - de Wilde PC AU - Hanselaar GJ IN - Department of Pathology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands. J.vanderlaak@pathol.azn.nl TI - Development and validation of a computerized cytomorphometric method to assess the maturation of vaginal epithelial cells. SO - Cytometry 1999 Mar 1;35(3):196-202 AB - BACKGROUND: After menopause, declining levels of estrogens may cause vaginal discomfort, or so-called "vaginal atrophy." Evaluation of therapies for vaginal atrophy may be performed using the so-called "maturation index." The maturation index is expressed as the percentage of (para)-basal, intermediate, and superficial epithelial cells in a vaginal smear. Manual assessment of the maturation index is subject to inter- and intraobserver variations. In this study, assessment of the maturation of cells in vaginal smears using automated image analysis was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Automated assessment, using a commercially available image analysis system, was performed on hematoxylin-eosin-stained cytospin specimens. A training set was constructed by an experienced cytotechnologist, based upon visual classification of stored grey value images. From this, two discriminant functions (DFs) were calculated capable of classifying cells in one of the three types. These cell classifiers were capable of classifying 97% of the cells correctly. Data from automated assessment were compared with those of classical manual counting. Specimens of 13 mature and 6 atrophic vaginal specimens were assessed in duplicate, both manually and by image analysis, using the DFs. RESULTS: No significant interobserver effect was found for image analysis, whereas a significant effect was found for manual counting. Both methods were able to distinguish between matured and atrophic specimens. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that for assessment of vaginal maturation, the use of automated image analysis systems is recommended. Besides increased reproducibility, image analysis systems yield additional data describing the size and shape of the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells, which might increase discriminating power. <55> UI - 99218753 AU - Ludlow JB AU - Abreu M Jr IN - Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry 27599-7450, USA. TI - Performance of film, desktop monitor and laptop displays in caries detection. SO - Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology 1999 Jan;28(1):26-30 AB - OBJECTIVES: To compare film, desktop monitor and laptop displays of digitized film images for accuracy of caries detection. METHODS: Sixty-four extracted teeth were mounted in eight models and radiographed with E-speed bitewing film. Films were digitized and displayed on a desktop monitor and a laptop display. Six observers scored the presence or absence of enamel and dentinal caries for each proximal surface for film, desktop and laptop displays. Results were compared with the histology of ground sections. ROC curve areas for each display mode and observer were assessed for significant differences with ANOVA. RESULTS: Diagnostic accuracy for proximal surface caries detection was not significantly different for conventional film or desktop monitor and laptop displays for detection of enamel caries (P = 0.9112) or dentin caries (P = 0.2796). CONCLUSIONS: Current laptop active matrix liquid crystal displays provide diagnostic quality for caries detection comparable with conventional film and desktop monitor displays. <56> UI - 99218750 AU - Janhom A AU - van der Stelt PF AU - van Ginkel FC AU - Geraets WG IN - Department of Oral Radiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), The Netherlands. TI - Effect of noise on the compressibility and diagnostic accuracy for caries detection of digital bitewing radiographs. SO - Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology 1999 Jan;28(1):6-12 AB - OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of noise on the compressibility and the diagnostic accuracy for caries detection of digital bitewing radiographs. METHODS: Bitewing radiographs of patients were obtained with a storage phosphor (Digora, Soredex, Helsinki, Finland) and compressed at different JPEG compression levels (2, 27, 53 and 128). A just noticeable difference study was performed to select a compression level to study the added noise effect. Gaussian noise was added at low, medium, and high levels to both the original and compressed images. Seven observers examined the selected approximal surfaces to identify the caries depth. ROC analysis was performed together with ANOVA at P = 0.05. RESULTS: The compressibility of the images decreased as the noise level increased. ROC analysis revealed no significant difference between the original and compressed images within the same noise level (P > 0.06). With added noise compressed/decompressed images had a higher Az than the corresponding original images. CONCLUSIONS: JPEG compression at level 27 can be used without a significant deterioration in diagnostic accuracy. Compression at this level seemed to reduce the effect of noise to some extent. <57> UI - 99121364 AU - Martin N AU - Jedynakiewicz NM AU - Williams DF IN - Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK. TI - Cuspal deflection during polymerisation of composite lutes of ceramic inlays. SO - Journal of Dentistry 1999 Jan;27(1):29-36 AB - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to measure the cuspal deflection that occurs in teeth as a result of the dimensional changes of resin-based lutes during polymerisation. METHODS: Standardised MOD cavities were cut in 15 intact human premolar teeth using a custom paralleling device. A ceramic inlay was machined by the CEREC 2 system for each tooth ensuring an interface width of 50 microns (SD = 17.5) at the cavity margin. The 15 teeth were divided into three groups of five according to the cementation system employed: a microfilled hybrid posterior composite; a compomer restorative; a dual-cure luting composite. The inter-cuspal tooth dimension was recorded continuously with a laser micrometer assembly during a 2 min photoactivation period and a further 30 min post-activation period. RESULTS: A clear overall reduction in tooth dimension was detectable for the first 10 min of polymerisation. The mean changes ranged from -0.02% to -0.06% depending on the nature of the luting material. In addition, all samples exhibited a slight expansion of 0.03% during the time of light-activation. CONCLUSIONS: The dimensional changes that teeth experience during the polymerisation of resin-based lutes are clearly detectable. It can be postulated that an increase in the dimensions of the teeth during photoactivation occurs as a result of expansion of the lute due to the thermal energy delivered. <58> UI - 99442605 AU - Banerjee A AU - Sherriff M AU - Kidd EA AU - Watson TF IN - Division of Conservative Dentistry, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, London. TI - A confocal microscopic study relating the autofluorescence of carious dentine to its microhardness. SO - British Dental Journal 1999 Aug 28;187(4):206-10 AB - OBJECTIVE: An in-vitro study to examine the correlation between the distribution of the autofluorescent signal emitted from carious dentine (detected using confocal laser scanning microscopy) and its microhardness, within the depths of human dentine lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve carious teeth were sectioned longitudinally, the cut faces marked with a grid reference line system and colour photomicrographs taken. The same samples were imaged using confocal laser-scanning microscopy for autofluorescence and then subjected to microhardness testing using a Knoop microhardness indenter. Adjacent sound dentine was used as a control reference. Digital image superimposition allowed direct comparisons to be made between the colour, autofluorescence and microhardness of each lesion. RESULTS: Sound enamel and dentine did not autofluorescence. Autofluorescence distribution from carious dentine correlated with the highly softened tissue (detected using the Knoop indenter) and terminated at a level superficial to the translucent zone. This zone was still pigmented. Normal, sound dentine hardness levels were found deep to the translucent zone. CONCLUSIONS: A correlation existed between the zone of autofluorescence and carious dentine that was markedly softened by the carious process. These findings highlighted a possibility that the autofluorescence might be used as an in-vitro, objective histological marker for the softened, carious dentine requiring clinical excavation. <59> UI - 99312838 AU - Darrouzet V AU - Fizet D AU - Deminiere C AU - Baquey C AU - Aran JM AU - Bebear JP IN - University Hospital, Bordeaux, France. TI - Xenogeneic ossicular implants: an experimental study of heterotopic, demineralized, lyophilized, porcine implants in the guinea-pig. SO - Clinical Otolaryngology & Allied Sciences 1999 Jun;24(3):190-7 AB - This study was done to compare the outcome of porcine ossicular implants in the middle ear and the subcutaneous dorsal region of the guinea-pig to those of allo-implants implanted in parallel in the dorsal region. The implants were heteropic, xenogeneic, demineralized (HCl), lyophilized and sterilized. The evaluation was histological (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) and immunological (immunofluorescence staining). Fifty-four guinea-pigs were implanted in the middle ear and 14 of them were also implanted subcutaneously in the dorsal region with xeno-implants and allo-implants. The middle ear implants were found to be constantly reossified and coated with normal mucosa with only a minimal immune reaction. In contrast, the dorsal xeno-implants were found to be the target of mononucleic infiltration, fibrous encapsulation and an influx of immunoglobulins resulting in segregation. The corresponding allo-implants were found to be partially reoccupied and reossified. These findings highlight the value of HCl demineralization in the induction of non-species-specific Bone Morphogenetic Protein and the failure of attempts at immuno-despecification. It appears that the fate of the implant depends less on its antigenic load than on the site of implantation. In this regard the middle ear is apparently very advantageous. The very good short-term tolerance and recovery observed in the middle ear xeno-implant suggest that these implants offer sufficiently good results to warrant clinical testing. <60> UI - 20020819 AU - Stookey GK AU - Jackson RD AU - Zandona AG AU - Analoui M IN - Indiana University School of Dentistry, Oral Health Research Institute, Indianapolis, USA. TI - Dental caries diagnosis. [Review] [77 refs] SO - Dental Clinics of North America 1999 Oct;43(4):665-77, vi AB - As with any disease process, the early initiation of therapy for dental caries is often the most effective means to ensure resolution. However, for any therapy to be effective, early diagnosis is paramount to success. Unfortunately, current tools used in dental caries detection are not sensitive enough to diagnose the disease process in its early stages and, frequently, once a diagnosis is made restoration is the only effective means of treatment. Quantitative light-induced fluorescence, electrical conductance measurements, direct digital radiography, and direct fiber optic transillumination are methods that may offer promise as effective tools in diagnosing early dental caries. This article describes some of the research that has been performed to make these methods a reality. [References: 77] <61> UI - 99450616 AU - Yeganeh S AU - Lynch E AU - Jovanovski V AU - Zou L IN - Department of Conservative Dentistry, St Bartholomew's and The Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, UK. s.yeganeh@mds.qmw.ac.uk TI - Quantification of root surface plaque using a new 3-D laser scanning method. SO - Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1999 Oct;26(10):692-7 AB - There are no published reports in the literature objectively quantifying thickness of plaque on teeth. The aim of this study was to quantify plaque on a tooth surface and assess if this quantification correlates with a clinical index of plaque from each of 51 patients. Patients were instructed not to perform any oral hygiene on the day of the assessment. The Silness and Loe plaque index was scored and replicas were scanned using a co-ordinate measuring machine (CMM) and laser scanning probe. A replica was obtained from this surface before and after toothbrushing. Plaque adjacent to the gingival margin had a mean thickness of 0.106+/-0.118 mm (mean+/-SD) whilst mean plaque thickness 250 microm from the gingival margin was 0.053+/-0.052 mm (mean+/-SD). There was a significant correlation between the plaque index and the plaque thickness (p < or = 0.002). The finding that plaque is present in the greatest amount adjacent to the gingival margin supports a previously reported hypothesis that primary root carious lesions (PRCL's) may initiate adjacent to the gingival margin. This method quantifies plaque thickness on exposed root surfaces which correlates with the plaque index as well as illustrating how the morphological characteristics of teeth, gingivae and plaque can be studied in vivo from replicas recorded. <62> UI - 99456241 AU - Hebling J AU - Giro EM AU - Costa CA IN - University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor 48103, USA. TI - Human pulp response after an adhesive system application in deep cavities. SO - Journal of Dentistry 1999 Nov;27(8):557-64 AB - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the pulpo-dentin complex response to a dentin adhesive application in deep cavities performed in human teeth. METHODS: Deep class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of 46 premolars. The remaining dentin of the axial wall received 10% phosphoric acid and dentin adhesive (group DA), or was protected before the acid and dentin adhesive application with calcium hydroxide cement (group CH). Half of the teeth, which received the acid application directly over the axial wall, were contaminated prior to the procedures with dental plaque collected from the patient's own teeth (group DAC). The plaque was placed on the dentin for 5 min and then the cavity was washed. All teeth were restored with a light-cured composite resin. The teeth were extracted after 7, 30 or 60 days and prepared according to normal histologic techniques. Serial sections were stained with H/E, Masson's trichrome and Brown & Brenn technique for demonstration of bacteria. RESULTS: The histopathologic evaluation showed that in groups DA and DAC, the inflammatory response was more evident than in group CH. Also, the intensity of the pulp reaction increased as the remaining dentin thickness decreased. There was no statistical difference in the inflammatory response between the groups DA and DAC. CONCLUSION: Based on the experimental conditions, we concluded that the All Bond 2 adhesive system, when applied on dentin in deep cavities, showed an acceptable biocompatibility. However, the intensity of the pulpo-dentin complex response depends on the remaining dentin thickness. <63> UI - 99308058 AU - Abou Hashieh I AU - Camps J AU - Dejou J AU - Franquin JC IN - Laboratoire de Recherches, Unite IMEB, Faculte d'Odontologie, Marseille, France. TI - Eugenol diffusion through dentin related to dentin hydraulic conductance. SO - Dental Materials 1998 Jul;14(4):229-36 AB - OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was (1) to find an easy way of evaluating the concentration of eugenol in cell culture fluids; (2) to confirm the relationship between the concentration and the cytotoxicity of eugenol in vitro; (3) to evaluate the cytotoxicity of four temporary eugenol-based filling materials: IRM, super EBA, Kalsogen and zinc oxide-eugenol cement; and (4) to establish a relationship between dentin permeability, eugenol diffusion and cytotoxicity. METHODS: (1) The concentration of eugenol was measured with a spectrofluorimeter; (2) the cell viability of L 929 cells cultivated for 24 h with eugenol-containing medium was evaluated by the MTT assay; (3) after measurement of hydraulic conductance, occlusal cavities in human teeth in vitro were filled with the restorative materials. The cytotoxicity was measured with undiluted test medium and with various dilutions in culture medium; (4) after Lp measurement, the eugenol concentration in the media in the pulp chamber that diffused from IRM and 10(3) mol/l eugenol solution was measured. RESULTS: (1) A proportional relationship (p = 0.001 and r = 1) was found between the concentration of eugenol; (2) eugenol started to be cytotoxic at 10(-5) mol/l and killed 95% of the cells at 10(-3) mol/l; (3) zinc oxide-eugenol cement was the most cytotoxic filling material when tested with the 1:100 dilution; (4) a significant relationship was found between Lp and cytotoxicity (p = 0.04) depending on the dilution of the test medium. A significant relationship was found between Lp and eugenol diffusion from a 10(-3) mol/l solution (p = 0.03) but not between Lp and eugenol diffusing from solid IRM (non significant). SIGNIFICANCE: Eugenol diffusion from zinc oxide-eugenol cement appears to depend more on the role of hydrolysis of eugenol from zinc oxide-eugenol cement than on dentin permeability. <64> UI - 99165451 AU - Bryant J AU - Fisher B AU - Gunduz N AU - Costantino JP AU - Emir B IN - NSABP, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. bryant@ntsrvb.mckee.upmc.edu TI - S-phase fraction combined with other patient and tumor characteristics for the prognosis of node-negative, estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer. SO - Breast Cancer Research & Treatment 1998;51(3):239-53 AB - Women with estrogen-receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer and no axillary lymph-node involvement are considered to have excellent overall prognosis. However, this population is not homogeneous with regard to risk of recurrence; in fact, some of these patients have a prognosis no better than that of many women with ER-negative tumors or positive axillary nodes. Consequently, better tumor markers and better use of those currently available are needed to distinguish patients who would benefit from more aggressive therapy from those for whom such therapy is unnecessary. A well-defined cohort of over 4000 breast cancer patients from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Protocol B-14 who had ER-positive tumors and no axillary lymph-node involvement was analyzed to ascertain the usefulness of tumor cell S-phase fraction for prognosis. The significance of clinical tumor size, patient age at surgery, ER and progesterone receptor (PgR) expression, and nuclear grade was also explored. Statistical methods based on smoothing splines were used to relate treatment failure and mortality rates to patient and tumor characteristics. Models for 5- and 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival were developed and summarized. The attenuation of the prognostic importance of covariates over time was investigated. After other characteristics were accounted for, a strong association was found between S-phase fraction and DFS, as well as survival. Tumor size, patient age at surgery, and PgR status were also significantly associated with outcome. The diversity of risk in the B-14 population was more extreme than is generally recognized. The prognostic capabilities of S-phase, tumor size, and PgR status were sharply attenuated as the time from surgery increased. <65> UI - 99070835 AU - Plenk H Jr IN - Department for Bone and Biomaterials Research, Histological-Embryological Institute, University of Vienna, Austria. Hanns.Plenk@univie.2c.2t TI - Prosthesis-bone interface. [Review] [38 refs] SO - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 1998 Winter;43(4):350-5 AB - In this overview, which is based on selected books and reviews, the microscopic appearances of prosthesis-bone interfaces resulting from clinically relevant implantation techniques are highlighted. The following techniques are distinguished to insert and attach prostheses in the recipient bone: impaction into bone, primary mechanical interlocking, cement fixation, bone ongrowth and secondary mechanical interlocking with bioinert materials, and enhanced bone ongrowth and bone bonding to bioactive materials. The resulting typical histomorphologies of orthopedic and dental prostheses-bone interfaces are described and illustrated from the author's studies employing light, fluorescence, and backscattered electron microscopy, and corresponding microradiographs of undecalcified ground sections of bone and implants. Special emphasis is given to the mineralization-demineralization kinetics of the interfacial bone matrix interacting with specific surface reactions of some implant materials. Consequently, the distinction between bioinert and bioactive prosthetic materials is critically analyzed. [References: 38] <66> UI - 99089912 AU - Konig K AU - Flemming G AU - Hibst R IN - Institute of Anatomy/Anatomy II, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany. TI - Laser-induced autofluorescence spectroscopy of dental caries. SO - Cellular & Molecular Biology 1998 Dec;44(8):1293-300 AB - We studied spectral autofluorescence characteristics of dental caries. A