Database: MEDLINE <: biomedical, nursing & dental literature, 1966 - Nov 2000.> Search Strategy (You Saved Citations 1-300 From Set 61): ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 exp Tooth demineralization/ 22684 2 demineralization.mp. 1629 3 caries.mp. 15334 4 caires.mp. 1 5 craies.mp. 0 6 careis.mp. 4 7 carise.mp. 0 8 (teeth adj3 cavit:).mp. 422 9 (tooth adj3 cavit:).mp. 217 10 (dental adj3 cavit:).mp. 276 11 (dentin adj3 cavit:).mp. 256 12 (enamel adj3 cavit:).mp. 183 13 (teeth adj3 decay:).mp. 379 14 (tooth adj3 decay:).mp. 325 15 (dental adj3 decay:).mp. 251 16 (dentin adj3 decay:).mp. 12 17 (enamel adj3 decay:).mp. 20 18 (active adj decay).mp. 9 19 (rampant adj3 decay:).mp. 14 20 (recurrent adj3 decay:).mp. 30 21 (white adj spot:).mp. 513 22 carious.mp. 2083 23 cariology.ti,ab. 56 24 (non-cavitated adj3 lesion:).mp. 15 25 (noncavitated adj3 lesion:).mp. 2 26 Tooth remineralization/ 479 27 (dental adj3 fissure:).mp. 99 28 (tooth adj3 fissure:).mp. 50 29 (teeth adj3 fissure:).mp. 98 30 caries-free.mp. 606 31 cariesfree.mp. 17 32 Cariogenic agents/ 729 33 precavit:.mp. 8 34 (filled adj3 teeth).mp. 513 35 (filled adj3 tooth).mp. 117 36 (oral adj fissure:).mp. 6 37 (tooth adj3 remineraliz:).mp. 28 38 (teeth adj3 remineraliz:).mp. 24 39 dft.mp. 415 40 dfs.mp. 1266 41 dmf:.mp. 6412 42 cariogeni:.mp. 1789 43 or/1-42 32343 44 exp Genetics/ 1206180 45 (cn or ge).fs. 901090 46 gene$1.mp. 443661 47 genetic:.mp. 259943 48 genom:.mp. 99495 49 genotyp:.mp. 48882 50 chromosom:.mp. 199850 51 congenit:.mp. 84285 52 familial.mp. 37802 53 heritab:.mp. 5915 54 inherit:.mp. 33803 55 twin$1.mp. 19323 56 Diseases in twins/ 8030 57 exp Multiple birth offspring/ 12476 58 consanguin:.mp. 6420 59 or/44-58 1589028 60 43 and 59 1434 61 limit 60 to english language 1251 62 from 61 keep 1-300 300 63 from 61 keep 301-600 300 64 from 61 keep 601-900 300 65 from 61 keep 901-1200 300 *************************** <1> UI - 87250951 AU - Yoneyama Y AU - Lever JE TI - Apical trehalase expression associated with cell patterning after inducer treatment of LLC-PK1 monolayers. SO - Journal of Cellular Physiology 1987 Jun;131(3):330-41 AB - Trehalase, a differentiation-specific marker of renal proximal tubule brush border membrane, is expressed in confluent long-term cultures of the renal epithelial cell line LLC-PK1. The level of trehalase is greatly increased after treatment of cultures with differentiation inducers such as hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), accompanied by increases in other apical membrane-associated differentiated functions (Yoneyama and Lever: J. Cell. Physiol. 121: 64-73, 1984). In the present study, we utilize a polyclonal antibody specific for renal trehalase to demonstrate that trehalase expression induced in LLC-PK1 cultures after HMBA treatment is localized in cells forming a three-dimensional network of strands across the confluent monolayer. The antitrehalase antibody recognized an apical membrane antigen of apparent molecular weight 100-110 kD both in LLC-PK1 cultures and in the corresponding pig renal brush border membranes. Strand formation and total trehalase activity increased in parallel as a function of inducer concentration and duration of exposure. Strand formation and trehalase expression were also greatly enhanced in monolayers grown on a Nuclepore filter support even in the absence of inducer. Strand formation was not a prerequisite for induced trehalase expression in culture, since strands did not develop in cultures treated with N, N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) and equally potent inducer of trehalase expression. In this case, cells which expressed increased levels of trehalase were dispersed at random over the monolayer. Induction of strand formation and trehalase expression by HMBA required a minimum exposure period of 48 hr and persisted up to a week after removal of inducer. By contrast, the response to DMF required continuous presence of inducer. Levels of trehalase declined even in the continuous presence of inducer in local regions of low cell density created by wound-repair of the monolayer. In addition to the membrane-bound form, trehalase activity was also recoverable from the culture medium, but release of trehalase was not affected by inducers. These observations are consistent with the view that a cell type committed to express a program of differentiation after HMBA treatment or growth on a permeable support is organized in specific cell patterns visible as strands over the confluent cell monolayer. <2> UI - 87162625 AU - Progulski-Fox A TI - Recombinant DNA and genetic engineering in dentistry: 1982-1987. SO - Florida Dental Journal 1987 Spring;58(1):23-7 <3> UI - 87146156 AU - Callanan DL AU - Hiner LB TI - Vulnerable sibling: hyponatremia from caries prevention. SO - Pediatrics 1987 Apr;79(4):637-9 <4> UI - 87128274 AU - Tarkowski A AU - Jonsson R AU - Holmdahl R AU - Klareskog L TI - Immunohistochemical characterization of synovial cells in arthritic MRL-lpr/lpr mice. SO - Arthritis & Rheumatism 1987 Jan;30(1):75-82 AB - MRL-lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease associated with arthritic manifestations. We used a recently developed mild demineralization procedure, followed by immunohistochemical staining of frozen sections, to investigate cell patterns in the hindlimbs of MRL/l mice at various stages of arthritic disease. Large numbers of Mac-1 (Mas 034)-positive, macrophage-like cells were seen both within the thickened synovial lining layer and in the deeper layers of the synovial tissue in all stages of arthritis. Ia-expressing cells were scarce in the lining layer, but occurred in moderate numbers in the deeper layers of synovial tissue. Lymphocytes were totally absent in MRL/l joints in all stages of arthritis, as demonstrated by lack of staining with Ly-1, Lyt-2, GK 1,5, and antiimmunoglobulin antibodies. Our findings are discussed and related to other types of experimental arthritis and to rheumatoid arthritis in humans. <5> UI - 87086011 AU - Schroeder HW Jr AU - Sybert VP TI - Rapp-Hodgkin ectodermal dysplasia. SO - Journal of Pediatrics 1987 Jan;110(1):72-5 AB - Rapp-Hodgkin ectodermal dysplasia is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by distinctive craniofacies, cleft lip or palate, dental hypoplasia with caries, dystrophic nails, and decreased to absent sweat glands and hair follicles. We report the third family to be described, and distinguish the condition from similar syndromes. <6> UI - 87148893 AU - Govan JR TI - In vivo significance of bacteriocins and bacteriocin receptors. [Review] [40 refs] SO - Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases - Supplementum 1986;49:31-7 AB - Bacteriocins are protein or protein-complex antibiotics produced by a wide variety of bacterial species. By conventional definition, bacteriocins differ from most other antibiotics in that the producer strain is immune to the action of its own bacteriocin and the inhibitory activity of individual bacteriocins is directed only to bacteria which are closely related to the strains which produce them. Bacteriocin production is regulated by plasmid or chromosomal elements and bacteriocin activity is initiated by adsorption of bacteriocin to specific outer membrane receptors on susceptible cells. In Darwinian terms, production of bacteriocin by a bacterial strain, within a particular ecological niche, could be considered advantageous by ensuring elimination of other closely related, and thus competitive, bacteria. In contrast, conservation of bacteriocin receptors appears suicidal if their only function is to initiate cell death. The paper will illustrate the ubiquity of bacteriocins and discuss evidence for their in vivo function in terms of bacterial survival. Evidence will also be presented to indicate that bacteriocin receptors in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have important alternative physiological functions in outer-membrane mediated nutrient uptake, particularly with respect to bacterial iron metabolism. [References: 40] <7> UI - 87100644 AU - Linkhart TA AU - Jennings JC AU - Mohan S AU - Wakley GK AU - Baylink DJ TI - Characterization of mitogenic activities extracted from bovine bone matrix. SO - Bone 1986;7(6):479-87 AB - The mitogenic activity in the unfractionated mixture of proteins released from adult bovine bone matrix during demineralization with ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) has been examined. Bovine bone extract (BBE) from 1 to 25 micrograms protein per ml stimulated proliferation of chick embryo calvaria bone cells, newborn mouse bone cells, and osteoblastlike cell lines MMB-1 and ROS 17/2.8. BBE also stimulated DNA synthesis in cells from chick embryo cartilage, skin and skeletal muscle tissues and fibroblastlike BALB/c 3T3 and NRK cells. BBE contained beta transforming growth factor (TGF) activity (NRK cell colony formation in soft agar in the presence of epidermal growth factor EGF). The cell specificity results suggest that BBE contains more than one growth factor, including a beta TGF and a factor that is not specific for bone cells, and all of the bone derived growth factor activities that have been described previously, including SGF, are apparently present in BBE. Maximal stimulation of chick embryo calvarial cell DNA synthesis by BBE was equal to or exceeded maximal stimulation by nonosseous growth factors that have been reported to stimulate DNA synthesis in bone organ cultures (EGF, fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, insulinlike growth factor I, and multiplication stimulating activity). Combinations of BBE with maximally stimulatory concentrations of each growth factor stimulated DNA synthesis to a greater magnitude than did each growth factor alone. These results suggest that combinations of bone derived and systemic factors can coordinately stimulate bone cell proliferation. <8> UI - 87070395 AU - Sundell S TI - Hereditary amelogenesis imperfecta. I. Oral health in children. SO - Swedish Dental Journal 1986;10(4):151-63 AB - An epidemiological study of hereditary enamel defects comprising more than 400 000 children, 3-19 years of age, was performed in 1982-1983 in the middle of Sweden. 105 children were diagnosed as having Hereditary Amelogenesis Imperfecta (HAI). Based on clinical and genetic data a classification of HAI could be carried out based on the hypoplastic and the hypomineralized type. 99 out of the 105 children were available for a thorough clinical and radiographical examination concerning oral health and these children were analysed in terms of carious lesions, restorations, dental plaque, calculus, gingival health and the occurrence of pulpal calcifications and taurodontism. A low number of carious lesions were particularly seen in children characterized by severe hypoplastic and hypomineralized enamel defects. A high number of restored proximal and buccal/lingual tooth surfaces could be recorded predominantly in children age 13-16 years associated to the hypomineralized type of HAI, where the number of decayed and filled proximal surfaces was 3.7 in the hypoplastic type and 17.1 in the hypomineralized type of HAI, respectively. In the age-group 6-19 years, 36 out of 91 children had totally 265 crowns and/or veneers. Crowns, anterior as well as posterior, were more common in children associated to the hypomineralized type compared to the hypoplastic type. Cosmetic treatment with composite materials was preferrably the choice of treatment in children with the hypoplastic type of HAI. Plaque and gingivitis were predominantly recorded in children with severe hypomineralized enamel defects. Excessive amounts of supracalculus deposition were also recorded in these children. Pulpal calcification and taurodontism could be scarcely diagnosed in the material and the findings could not be related to any specific type of HAI. The oral health data indicated a need for early therapy planning in children with HAI. <9> UI - 87047424 AU - Garcia-Godoy FM AU - Manon Rossi WI TI - Familial caries distribution in human permanent teeth: lingual pits in maxillary central and lateral incisors. SO - Acta de Odontologia Pediatrica 1986 Jun;7(1):7-9 <10> UI - 87032390 AU - Murchison HH AU - Barrett JF AU - Cardineau GA AU - Curtiss R 3d TI - Transformation of Streptococcus mutans with chromosomal and shuttle plasmid (pYA629) DNAs. SO - Infection & Immunity 1986 Nov;54(2):273-82 AB - Transformation (i.e., DNase-sensitive genetic transfer) of strains of Streptococcus mutans representing serotypes c and e was accomplished by using chromosomal DNA from a Rifr Strr Spcr isolate of strain GS5 (UAB525) and a chimeric plasmid, pYA629. Shuttle plasmid pYA629 comprises the S. mutans plasmid pVA318, an inducible erythromycin resistance determinant originally isolated from a group A streptococcal strain, the tetracycline resistance gene and replication region of the Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322, and the promoter region of the S. mutans gene for aspartate beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. The strains examined for recipient ability included those known to lack a cryptic plasmid (GS5, UA130, UA159, and MT8148) and those known to contain a widely disseminated 5.8-kilobase cryptic plasmid (LM7, V318, UA101, UA174, and 3098791). The transformation frequencies in GS5 for GS5 chromosomal antibiotic resistance markers were comparable to those reported by others, but UA101, UA130, UA159 and UA174 were transformed with both chromosomal and plasmid markers at much higher efficiencies. In a larger strain survey, strains containing the 5.8-kilobase cryptic plasmid were more frequently transformable with both chromosomal and pYA629 DNAs than were strains lacking this cryptic plasmid. All plasmid-containing strains except LM7 lost their resident cryptic plasmids when transformed with pYA629. LM7 transformed with pYA629 retained pLM7. There are therefore at least two incompatibility groups among S. mutans cryptic plasmids. yPA629 DNA isolated from either E. coli or S. mutans transformed S. mutans with equal efficiency. pYA629 DNA isolated from S. mutans transformed both restriction-deficient and restriction-proficient E. coli recipients. Therefore, the strains of S. mutans used lack a restriction-modification system for pYA629 DNA sequences. S. mutans strains that are readily transformable, display maximal cariogenicity in gnotobiotic rats, and give high scores for in vitro measures of important virulence attributes have been identified to facilitate studies on the genetic basis and control of virulence. <11> UI - 87003593 AU - Kennedy GL Jr TI - Biological effects of acetamide, formamide, and their monomethyl and dimethyl derivatives. [Review] [382 refs] SO - Critical Reviews in Toxicology 1986;17(2):129-82 AB - The industrial use of certain acetamides and formamides (particularly DMAC and DMF) for their solvent properties has resulted in rather extensive examination of their biological properties. Both DMAC and DMF are rapidly absorbed through biological membranes and are metabolized by demethylation first to monomethyl derivatives and then to the parent acetamide or formamide. Relatively high single doses to various species following oral, dermal, i.p., i.v., or inhalation exposures generally are required to produce mortality. The liver is the primary target following acute high level exposure, but massive doses can also produce damage to other organs and tissues. Repeated sublethal treatment by various routes also shows the liver to be the target organ with the degree of damage being proportional to the amount absorbed. With MMF, the potential usefulness as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent needs to be measured against the hepatotoxic effects produced in man. Acetamides and formamides are generally inactive in mutagenicity tests. Mammalian test systems do not appear to be genetically sensitive and DMF has been recommended for use as the vehicle in microbial assays designed to test for genetic activity of hard-to-dissolve chemicals. Embryotoxicity can be demonstrated at high doses; doses which generally show toxicity to the maternal animals. Structural abnormalities in sensitive species such as the rabbit are produced following exposure at near-lethal levels. The spectrum of abnormalities seen is broad and fails to show any time or site specificity in terms of developing organs/organ systems. Inhalation exposures to DMAC and DMF at levels producing some maternal toxicity in rats have produced no teratogenic response and only slight evidence of embryotoxicity. Long-term feeding of relatively high levels of acetamide produces liver cancer in rats. DMAC and DMF appear to be noncarcinogenic. The environmental toxicity of these chemicals is low. Liver damage can be produced by overexposure to these chemicals in man. Airborne concentrations need to be controlled and care should be taken to avoid excessive liquid contact as the chemicals are absorbed through the skin. A relationship exists between the amount of DMAC or DMF absorbed and the amount of MMAC or MMF excreted in the urine so that biomonitoring of the urinary metabolites can indicate situations in which total exposures, both dermal and inhalation, are excessive. An interaction between DMF and ethanol occurs such that signs, including severe facial flushing, appear when DMF-exposed individuals consume alcoholic beverages. [References: 382] <12> UI - 87019903 AU - Bruner LH AU - Carpenter LJ AU - Hamlow P AU - Roth RA TI - Effect of a mixed function oxidase inducer and inhibitor on monocrotaline pyrrole pneumotoxicity. SO - Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 1986 Sep 30;85(3):416-27 AB - Monocrotaline (MCT) produces vascular injury to the lung, pulmonary hypertension, and right ventricular hypertrophy when injected into rats. It is well established that the pneumotoxicity of MCT depends on its hepatic bioactivation to monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP) and perhaps other toxic metabolites. To test whether MCTP requires further bioactivation, we synthesized this metabolite chemically, confirmed its structure using fast-atom bombardment-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, and injected it into rats previously treated with an inducer or inhibitor of MFOs. Pretreatment with either phenobarbital or SKF-525A did not alter the pneumotoxic effects of an intravenous injection of MCTP. Rats given the same intravenous dose of either MCT, MCT N-oxide, or MCTP responded with toxicity only to MCTP. MCTP added to rat serum in vitro resulted in a color change (Amax = 477 nm) that developed over several seconds, an observation consistent with degradation of MCTP in serum. To explore the possibility that aqueous degradation products might contribute to its toxicity, the same intravenous dose of MCTP was administered to rats in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), serum, or saline. Only MCTP administered in in DMF resulted in toxicity. These results support the contention that MCT requires metabolism to MCTP to produce pneumotoxicity and that exposure to aqueous media renders MCTP incapable of causing lung injury. <13> UI - 87024386 AU - Portoian-Shuhaiber S AU - Al-Awadi S AU - Farag TI AU - Sundareshan TS AU - Jindal HR AU - Al-Rashied AA TI - Clinical findings in an Arab boy with ring (14)(mos 46,XY,r(14)/45,XY,-14). SO - Annales de Genetique 1986;29(2):122-4 AB - A five-month male Arab child with clinical features of ring(14) is reported. He had recurrent seizures and chest infections, microcephaly, elongated face, short palpebral fissures, broad nasal bridge, long philtrum, fish-like mouth with thin lips, micrognathia, low-set ears and retinal pigmentation with yellow-white spots on the maculae. In addition brachydactyly of fingers and toes, hypoplastic scrotum and mental deterioration were present. <14> UI - 86279145 AU - Nussbaum BL TI - Dental management of a child with familial dysautonomia. SO - ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children 1986 Jul-Aug;53(4):293-5 AB - Familial dysautonomia is a hereditary sensory neuropathy that involves sensory, motor, and central components of the nervous system. Orofacial features include a tendency toward facial concavity in the child, and convexity in the adult. There is increased salivation, and crowded teeth and malocclusion are characteristic. This patient is not Jewish; this makes his case an extremely rare one. <15> UI - 86279155 AU - Curtiss R 3d TI - 1984 Kreshover lecture. Genetic analysis of Streptococcus mutans virulence and prospects for an anticaries vaccine. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1986 Aug;65(8):1034-45 <16> UI - 86284320 AU - Delisle AL TI - Properties of mutacin b, an antibacterial substance produced by Streptococcus mutans strain BHT. SO - Microbios 1986;46(186):21-8 AB - An antibacterial substance produced by strain BHT of Streptococcus mutans (mutacin b) was found to be a small molecule (MW 3,500-6,000) with remarkable resistance to temperature, alkali and various solvents. Enzyme sensitivity tests of partially purified preparations indicated that mutacin b is a peptide. It is sensitive to several proteolytic enzymes and its lethal effects on sensitive cells can be prevented by adding trypsin to cells exposed to mutacin b. High concentrations of mutacin b inhibited the growth of producer cells, indicating that strain BHT is only partially immune to this substance. <17> UI - 86279749 AU - Lerner AB AU - Shiohara T AU - Boissy RE AU - Jacobson KA AU - Lamoreux ML AU - Moellmann GE TI - A mouse model for vitiligo. SO - Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1986 Sep;87(3):299-304 AB - As the result of a long search for a depigmenting mouse that could serve as a model for the study of vitiligo, we have located a strain that arose from the C57BL/6J. Its provisional genetic designation is C57BL/6J Ler-vit/vit. This vitiligo mouse has congenital dorsal and ventral white spots (piebaldism) as well as progressive replacement of pigmented hairs by white hairs with each spontaneous molt or after plucking. The lack of pigment is due to the absence of melanocytes from the amelanotic hair follicles and epidermis. As in human beings and the Smyth chicken model, there is also diminution of ocular pigment. Reciprocal skin transplants between C57BL/6J and vitiligo mice, and transplants into nude mice, suggest a programmed pigment cell death in the vitiligo mice. Like human beings with vitiligo, maximally depigmented vitiligo mice have a decreased contact sensitivity response in comparison to age-matched C57BL/6J controls. The resistance to injected B16 melanomas is lowered. Vitiligo mice show no signs of premature aging. Already at this early stage in the study of this new animal model, there are findings that open a range of new approaches to the study and treatment of patients with vitiligo and melanomas. <18> UI - 86253637 AU - Ross AJ 3d AU - Cooper A AU - Attie MF AU - Bishop HC TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism in infancy. [Review] [50 refs] SO - Journal of Pediatric Surgery 1986 Jun;21(6):493-9 AB - Primary hyperparathyroidism in the neonate is a rare and often fatal disorder. These infants typically display severe hypercalcemia, respiratory distress, muscular hypotonia, and skeletal demineralization. They are usually diagnosed within the first three months of life and have hyperplasia of the four parathyroid glands. Twenty-nine infants with primary hyperparathyroidism are reported in the literature. Mortality is 87.5% in medically managed patients and 24% in surgically managed patients. Surgical management has not been satisfactory, in that recurrent hypercalcemia has been encountered in most patients undergoing subtotal parathyroidectomy, and total parathyroidectomy has resulted in the need for lifelong calcium and vitamin D supplementation. We have recently cared for a term newborn female in whom the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism was made clinically on the second day of life, and later was confirmed biochemically. The baby underwent neck exploration on the 11th day of life and was successfully treated with total parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autotransplantation. Although initially rendered eucalcemic, the infant subsequently developed recurrent hypercalcemia requiring the removal of some of the autograft. Currently, the child is more than 2 years following surgery, growing well, and off all medication. The world literature is reviewed in this report of one of the first and the youngest infants, to our knowledge, to undergo parathyroid autotransplantation. In view of its success in avoiding the complication of repeated neck exploration for recurrent hyperparathyroidism or the creation of permanent hypoparathyroidism, we recommend this surgical approach for the rare neonate with primary hyperparathyroidism. [References: 50] <19> UI - 86262210 AU - Sundell S TI - Hereditary amelogenesis imperfecta. An epidemiological, genetic and clinical study in a Swedish child population. SO - Swedish Dental Journal - Supplement 1986;31:1-38 AB - Hereditary Amelogenesis Imperfecta (HAI) is a hereditary dental enamel disorder showing a varying clinical picture. Reviewing the literature, there seems to be a need for a better knowledge in many aspects concerning this disorder, not least to enhance the therapeutical approach for individuals suffering from HAI. The aims of this thesis, were to identify and to classify hereditary enamel defects and to estimate their prevalence in a Swedish child population. The oral health of individuals diagnosed as having HAI was also analysed and evaluated. 425 000 children, from the western part of Sweden, aged 3-19 years, were screened in order to identify individuals showing enamel defects of hereditary linkage. In this way, 105 children were identified. They were clinically classified into 12 different subgroups. Genetic analyses were also made. In 99 children, the oral health status was analysed and evaluated. In another patient material, 26 individuals aged 8-20 years and with HAI, the anterior open bite malocclusion was studied. The prevalence of HAI was estimated to be 1 case in 4000. In analyses of genetic data, eight different subgroups of HAI were identified based on the two major types, the hypoplastic and the hypomineralized. The hypoplastic, rough-pitted type with autosomal dominance, represented the most common HAI disorder. A low caries susceptibility was found in children with severely hypoplastic and hypomineralized enamel. Bacteriological and salivary data in the children could not fully support the findings regarding the low caries susceptibility. A high number of restorations were recorded predominantly in severe cases of the hypomineralized type, in which group gingival inflammation, plaque and dental calculus also were frequently found. The open bite occlusion could be associated both with the hypoplastic and the hypomineralized types of HAI. This malocclusion was considered to be of skeletal origin. The prevalence found shows that HAI is a fairly common enamel disorder with a varying clinical expressivity. The oral health findings in individuals suffering from the disorder indicate a need for early treatment planning. <20> UI - 86248650 AU - Yu PL AU - Bixler D AU - Goodman PA AU - Azen EA AU - Karn RC TI - Human parotid proline-rich proteins: correlation of genetic polymorphisms to dental caries. SO - Genetic Epidemiology 1986;3(3):147-52 AB - Parotid saliva contains a variety of proline-rich proteins. This study found that, among 306 children between the ages of 5 to 15 years, there is a significant increase in the decayed-missing-filled tooth surface (DMFS) score of the permanent teeth with age in children with the specific proline-rich protein phenotypes Pa and Pr. However, the increase in DMFS score of the permanent teeth of children was significantly greater in children with Pa+ and Pr22 than in those with the other phenotypes (Pa- or Pr11 and Pr12). The previously established close correlation between the Pa and Pr phenotypes and the genetic variants of salivary peroxidase (a powerful antibacterial system in the oral cavity) may provide an explanation for the relationship of certain proline-rich protein phenotypes to dental caries. <21> UI - 86262686 AU - Robinson DC AU - Hay RJ TI - Tropical ulcer in Zambia. SO - Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene 1986;80(1):132-7 AB - The clinical features of 86 tropical ulcers in 64 subjects seen in hospitals and rural clinics in Zambia are described. Pre-ulcerative lesions were identified. 85% of the patients came from subsistence farming families. Few wore shoes but more than a quarter wore clothes below the knee at some time. No association with dental caries or gingivitis was observed. Ulcers were seen in some clinically well-nourished individuals of appropriate weight for height and occurred in areas where animal protein was plentiful. Family studies showed that concurrent cases within households were uncommon. <22> UI - 86239067 AU - Richman JM AU - Kollar EJ TI - Tooth induction and temporal patterning in palatal epithelium of fetal mice. SO - American Journal of Anatomy 1986 Apr;175(4):493-505 AB - The present study examined the effect of aging on epithelium and on its ability to respond to an inductive stimulus provided by murine dental papillae. In fetal CD-1 mice, 15- to 17-day molar mesenchyme was combined with 15- to 19-day epithelium from the secondary palates. Enamel organs were separated from the dental papillae, and palatal epithelium was peeled away from its underlying mesenchyme after treatment with 1% trypsin. Recombinants of epithelium and papillae were initially cultured on a solidified complex medium for 24 hr followed by an additional 10-14 days of intraocular explanation. Control specimens consisted of isolated molar papillae. Nineteen of 88 isochronal, heterotypic recombinations formed teeth. None of the 46 heterochronal, heterotypic grafts of 18- and 19-day palatal epithelium combined with 15- to 17-day molar papillae-produced teeth. Instead, keratin-filled epithelial cysts and bone spicules were formed. Isolated control molar papillae often formed bone in the intraocular sites but did not form teeth or contain epithelium. These results show that palatal epithelium is first restricted to its developmental pathway at 18 days of gestation. Younger epithelium can convert to functional ameloblasts that secrete enamel protein. In addition to the change in gene expression, normal tooth morphology is attained. The loss of competence of the palatal epithelium at 18 days gestation coincided with the acquisition of stratum corneum and the attainment of the fully differentiated state. The oral surface of palatal epithelium appears to be determined histogenically and morphogenically at 18 days of gestation in mice. <23> UI - 86200038 AU - Rosowsky A AU - Freisheim JH AU - Moran RG AU - Solan VC AU - Bader H AU - Wright JE AU - Radike-Smith M TI - Methotrexate analogues. 26. Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase and folylpolyglutamate synthetase activity and in vitro tumor cell growth by methotrexate and aminopterin analogues containing a basic amino acid side chain. SO - Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1986 May;29(5):655-60 AB - Analogues of the antitumor antifolate methotrexate (MTX) were synthesized in which the glutamate (Glu) moiety was replaced by ornithine (Orn), 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), or 2,3-diaminopropionic acid (Dap). An aminopterin (AMT) analogue with Orn in place of Glu was also synthesized. The MTX analogues were obtained by reaction of 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroic acid (mAPA) and N omega-Boc-alpha,omega-diaminoalkanoic acids in the presence of diethyl phosphorocyanidate, followed by deprotection with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or by reaction of p-nitrophenyl-mAPA and N omega-Boc-alpha,omega-diaminoalkanoic acids and subsequent treatment with TFA. The AMT analogue (APA-Orn) was synthesized by reaction of p-nitrophenyl 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-formylpteroate with silylated N delta-Boc-L-ornithine in DMF at 55 degrees C for 3 days (45% yield), saponification (83%), and TFA cleavage (89%). APA-Orn was a potent inhibitor of both dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from L1210 mouse leukemia (IC50 = 0.072 microM) and partly purified folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) from mouse liver (Ki = 0.15 +/- 0.06 microM). The MTX analogue (mAPA-Orn) was likewise active against both enzymes, with an IC50 of 0.160 microM for DHFR and a Ki of 20.4 +/- 7.7 microM for FPGS inhibition. The other MTX analogues and the previously reported lysine derivative (mAPA-Lys) showed DHFR affinity similar to that of mAPA-Orn but lacked activity as FPGS inhibitors. The positively charged amino group appears to be detrimental to cellular uptake, as evidenced by the low cytotoxicity of these compounds (IC50 = 0.40-2.4 microM) in comparison with MTX and AMT (IC50 = 0.002 microM) against wild-type L1210 cells. On the other hand, mAPA-Orn and APA-Orn were both more potent than the corresponding Glu derivatives MTX and AMT against L1210/R81 cells, suggesting that in these MTX-resistant cells there may occur a "self-potentiation" process involving enhanced antifolate activity via interference with the polyglutamylation of reduced folates. APA-Orn is the most potent dual inhibitor of DHFR and FPGS discovered to date, but its effectiveness as a therapeutic agent may require some form of prodrug modification to neutralize the terminal amino group of the side chain. <24> UI - 86183999 AU - Hayasaka S AU - Hara S AU - Mizuno K AU - Narisawa K AU - Tada K TI - Leber's congenital amaurosis associated with hyperthreoninemia. SO - American Journal of Ophthalmology 1986 Apr 15;101(4):475-9 AB - Two siblings had Leber's congenital amaurosis. The girl (Patient 1) showed blindness shortly after birth, absent pupillary light reflex, and multiple round, white spots in both fundi. Her serum threonine level was increased (2.0 to 5.3 mg/dl; normal, 0.78 to 1.82 mg/dl). She died of massive pericardial effusion four months after birth. Her brother (Patient 2) was nearly blind shortly after birth. He had a poor pupillary light reflex and a nearly extinguished electroretinographic response. He also had hyperthreoninemia, hyperthreoninuria, hepatomegaly, and mental and physical retardation. We suspect a close relationship between hyperthreoninemia and Leber's congenital amaurosis in these siblings. <25> UI - 86169161 AU - Dean JA AU - Jones JE AU - Vash BW TI - Dental management of oculodentodigital dysplasia: report of case. SO - ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children 1986 Mar-Apr;53(2):131-4 AB - Oculodentodigital dysplasia is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by typical facies and certain anomalies of the eyes, dentition and digits. This report describes the case of a 2.5-year-old white male with oculodentodigital dysplasia and his comprehensive dental treatment. Aggressive treatment to maintain the integrity of the patient's primary dentition was provided. The characteristic physical and genetic findings of oculodentodigital dysplasia were also described. <26> UI - 86155869 AU - Shellhart WC AU - Casamassimo PS AU - Hagerman RJ AU - Belanger GK TI - Oral findings in fragile X syndrome. SO - American Journal of Medical Genetics 1986 Jan-Feb;23(1-2):179-87 AB - This study compares the oral findings in fragile X syndrome individuals to those of normal age-matched patients. Sixteen fra(X) males (mean age 22 10/12 years) had a low caries rate (decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) = 12.3) and minimal intraoral hard or soft tissue disease. Rate of malocclusion, as determined by the first permanent molar classification of Angle, was not significantly different from that of matched subjects. Fra(X) subjects had a significantly higher occurrence of malocclusion as compared to matched subjects using crossbite and openbite as criteria. Palatal dimensions of fra(X) subjects did not differ significantly from those of the matched sample. The fra(X) males also demonstrated significantly more severe occlusal wear of their teeth than the matched sample. <27> UI - 86105941 AU - Cordeiro RF AU - Savarese TM TI - Role of glutathione depletion in the mechanism of action of N-methylformamide and N,N-dimethylformamide in a cultured human colon carcinoma cell line. SO - Cancer Research 1986 Mar;46(3):1297-305 AB - The mechanism of the antitumor action of N-methylformamide (NMF), an agent currently undergoing clinical trials, and its congener, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), was examined in the DLD-1 Clone A human colon carcinoma cell line in vitro. The primary action of NMF and DMF on these cells is a depletion of cellular reduced glutathione levels which results in cytostasis. Evidence to support this hypothesis include (a) the extent of growth inhibition produced by NMF and DMF is directly proportional to the extent of depletion they effect on cellular reduced glutathione levels; (b) removal of NMF (170 mM) or DMF (103 mM) from the culture medium results in a parallel restoration of cell growth and cellular glutathione levels; (c) coaddition of the glutathione precursor, L-cysteine (0.5 mM), or certain precursors for this amino acid, significantly reverses NMF- and DMF-induced glutathione depletion and cytostasis; and (d) the specific glutathione-depleting agent, buthionine sulfoximine (7.5 mM) mimics the ability of NMF and DMF to induce cytostasis. In addition, NMF- and DMF-mediated reduced glutathione depletion accounts for the previously reported ability of these agents at high concentrations (less than 100 mM) to induce a more benign phenotype in DLD-1 Clone A human colon carcinoma cells. This is evidenced by the findings that (a) L-cysteine (0.5 mM) reverses NMF- and DMF-mediated (170 and 103 mM, respectively) increases in doubling time, decreases in saturation density, and decreases in clonogenicity; (b) buthionine sulfoximine (7.5 mM) mimics these actions of NMF and DMF; and (c) the tumorigenicity of DLD-1 Clone A cells in nude mice, which is completely eliminated by the in vitro treatment of these cells for 4 passages with 170 mM NMF prior to inoculation, is fully restored if the cells are passaged in the presence of 170 mM NMF and 0.5 mM L-cysteine. Thus, NMF- and DMF-induced depletion of cellular reduced glutathione is responsible for not only the cytostatic effect of these agents on human colon carcinoma cells but also for their ability to induce more benign characteristics in these cells. <28> UI - 86267414 AU - Garcia-Godoy FM AU - Manon Rossi WI TI - Familial caries distribution in human permanent teeth: buccal and lingual pits of first molars. SO - Acta de Odontologia Pediatrica 1985 Dec;6(2):43-6 <29> UI - 86202932 AU - Masuda N AU - Shimamoto T AU - Kitamura K AU - Sobue S AU - Hamada S TI - Transmission of Streptococcus mutans in some selected families. SO - Microbios 1985;44(181S):223-32 AB - The aim of the present study was to determine the source and transmission route of Streptococcus mutans. The frequency of this organism in saliva and plaque samples was compared among fifteen pairs of mothers and their children. The results showed that most of the mothers harboured almost equal or greater levels of S. mutans than their children. Similarities of the distribution of various serotypes and mutacin types were observed between these mothers and their offspring. Samples were also collected from plaque and/or carious lesions of the relatives of the subjects who carried one of the serotypes other than serotype c as the dominant S. mutans. The strains of the same serotypes of S. mutans which possessed similar mutacin patterns were predominantly detected in the siblings and mothers of each subject. However, a similar distribution of S. mutans strains was not clearly observed in other relatives including fathers, aunts, uncles and grandparents. <30> UI - 86174405 AU - Ooshima T AU - Yasufuku Y AU - Izumitani A AU - Sumi N AU - Iwanami T TI - Effect of mutacin administration on Streptococcus mutans-induced dental caries in rats. SO - Microbiology & Immunology 1985;29(12):1163-73 AB - A bacteriocin from serotype c Streptococcus mutans strain C3603 was examined for its inhibitory effect on experimental dental caries in rats infected with S. mutans MT8148R (serotype c). Significant reduction in the incidence of dental caries was found only when bacteriocin was incorporated both in the drinking water and in the diet at a high concentration. However, caries reduction was not as great as expected and the addition of bacteriocin to drinking water alone had no effect on the recovery of S. mutans, plaque deposition or caries incidence. The bacteriocin activity must have been reduced in the oral cavity of rats, and the reasons were examined. Bacteriocin-resistant mutants were not detected and the bacteriocin was not inactivated by saliva. Whereas the bacteriocin did not kill the S. mutans cells grown in a sucrose-containing medium, it completely killed the cells grown in a sucrose-free medium. <31> UI - 86134806 AU - Mukherjee AB AU - Czirbik RJ AU - Parsa NZ AU - Testa JR TI - Induction of terminal differentiation and nuclear appendage(s) formation in a human myeloid leukaemia cell line (HL-60). SO - Cytobios 1985;44(176):109-18 AB - In vitro terminal differentiation in a female myeloid leukaemia cell line (HL-60) was induced by either of the two inducing agents, dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and dimethylformamide (DMF). A higher frequency of more mature myeloid cells was noted with increasing concentrations of the inducing agents up to the optimal dose limits for cell viability, and with longer post-induction incubation periods. The highest percentage of polymorphs was obtained at 8 days post-induction with 1.25% DMSO and after 6 and 8 days exposure to 90 mM DMF. A proportion of polymorphs showed non-sex specific drumstick-like nuclear appendages, which were morphologically similar to the sex-specific drumsticks found in polymorphs from normal females in vivo. The correlation between the nuclear lobe counts and the frequencies of drumstick-like appendages in polymorphs was also similar to that reported for drumsticks in blood cells in vivo. The various stages of terminal differentiation and nuclear appendage formation in polymorphs under induced differentiation were similar to those occurring in vivo. Chromosomal analyses of this cell line indicated that individual cells had lost one X chromosome, and no portion of the missing X was detected in any of the rearranged chromosomes. Since no truly sex-specific drumsticks appeared to be present in the polymorphs of this cell line containing only one X chromosome, the study supports the accepted notion that there is a correlation between drumstick frequency and the presence of one versus two X chromosomes. <32> UI - 86113278 AU - Fahrig R AU - Neuhauser-Klaus A TI - Similar pigmentation characteristics in the specific-locus and the mammalian spot test. A way to distinguish between induced mutation and recombination. SO - Journal of Heredity 1985 Nov-Dec;76(6):421-6 AB - Animals with the same genetic constitution have similar pigmentation characteristics in both the specific-locus and the mammalian spot test. By microscopical analysis it is possible to distinguish between the following genotypes: a/a, p/p--light gray spots; a/a, d/d--gray spots; a/a, cch/c--light brown spots; a/a, b/b--brown spots; a/a, p cch/p cch--near-white spots; a/a, P C/P C--black spots. Near-white and black spots are presumed products of reciprocal recombination, especially if appearing simultaneously as a twin spot. <33> UI - 86087412 AU - Balakrishnan S AU - Mester L AU - Venkataramaniah HN AU - Bhatia VN TI - Mouse foot-pad studies with M. leprae--effect of desoxy fructo serotonin (DFS) and related compounds. SO - Indian Journal of Leprosy 1985 Apr-Jun;57(2):323-8 AB - Mouse foot-pad experiments were carried out to study the effects of DFS and related compounds on the multiplication of M. leprae. Of the 25 cases clinically suspected Dapsone resistance, 8 were found resistant and 14 sensitive to Dapsone by mouse foot-pad experiments. Six were resistant to DFS and 16 were sensitive. Desoxy fructo 5-hydroxy tryptophane as well as Nutrition Antileprosy (NAL) diet were also found effective in suppressing the growth of M. leprae in mouse foot-pad. Of the two liposoluble derivatives of DFS tested (DFS LS-I and DFS LS-II), DFS LS-II was found more effective in suppressing the growth of M. leprae in foot-pads of mice. <34> UI - 86095383 AU - Yashiro N AU - Abe T TI - Radiological features of neonatal mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease): a case report. SO - Radiation Medicine 1985 Apr-Jun;3(2):95-8 AB - A case of mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease) in the early neonatal period is reported. The infant showed severe skeletal changes including diffuse periosteal new bone formation of long bones and ribs, marked osteopenia, resorption of scapula, clavicula, and mandible, and irregular demineralization of metaphyses of long tubular bones. Early skeletal manifestation of mucolipidosis II is not well known and differentiation from congenital syphilis or congenital hyperparathyroidism may be difficult. In such cases, a radiologist should assist in the diagnosis, and the list of differential diagnoses should include mucolipidosis II. <35> UI - 86060435 AU - Malmstrom HS AU - Hock JM AU - Sanford C TI - Dental management of patients with hereditary angioedema: report of case. SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1985 Dec;111(6):957-8 AB - Dental management and treatment of a patient with hereditary angioedema can be accomplished safely and satisfactorily in an outpatient setting by a dentist in collaboration with a physician. However, as acute attacks can occur as a complication of treatment, we recommend that dental treatment be provided in a hospital environment with adequate medical emergency resources. <36> UI - 86053174 AU - Levine AE AU - McRae LJ AU - Brattain MG TI - Changes in receptor occupancy and growth factor responsiveness induced by treatment of a transformed mouse embryo cell line with N,N-dimethylformamide. SO - Cancer Research 1985 Dec;45(12 Pt 1):6401-5 AB - Treatment of the transformed mouse embryo fibroblast cell line (AKR-MCA) with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) results in a reversion to the nontransformed AKR-2B cell line phenotype. AKR-MCA cells grown in the presence of 1% DMF showed a 2-fold increase in the sites for epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding. However, most of these sites were occupied by an endogenous ligand. The EGF receptor was unoccupied in untreated AKR-MCA cells. The increased receptor occupation was paralleled by an increase in the mitogenic response to EGF. Treatment of these cells with 1% DMF resulted in a 6-fold stimulation of mitogenesis by EGF. The ability to respond to nutrient replenishment (a property of growth-arrested AKR-MCA cells) was lost within 24 h of DMF treatment. Upon removal of DMF from the cells, both the mitogenic response to EGF and the occupation of the EGF receptor by endogenous ligands were lost. Treatment of the AKR-2B cell line with DMF had little effect on its growth properties. Therefore, DMF altered the growth control response and growth factor binding of AKR-MCA cells in a reversible, noncytotoxic manner. <37> UI - 86058036 AU - Takada K AU - Shiota T AU - Curtiss R 3d AU - Michalek SM TI - Inhibition of plaque and caries formation by a glucan produced by Streptococcus mutans mutant UAB108. SO - Infection & Immunity 1985 Dec;50(3):833-43 AB - A mutant (UAB108) derived from Streptococcus mutans UAB66, a spectinomycin-resistant (Spcr) isolate of strain 6715, inhibited plaque formation when grown with strain 6715 in a sucrose medium and also inhibited caries formation in gnotobiotic rats infected with both strain UAB108 and 6715. A substance obtained from UAB108 culture supernatant fluid after ethanol precipitation and DEAE-cellulose treatment, designated glucan 108, inhibited S. mutans 6715 virulence and was shown to be a water-soluble glucan. In the presence of sucrose and increasing concentrations of glucan 108, the activity of a glucosyltransferase (GTase) preparation from S. mutans 6715 to synthesize adhesive water-insoluble glucan (ad-WIG) was inhibited, and the activity to synthesize non-ad-WIG was stimulated. Glucan 108 similarly inhibited sucrose-dependent adherence of heat-treated cells, was a poor inducer of cell aggregation, and inhibited S. mutans 6715-induced dental caries in gnotobiotic rats. In the presence of GTase, glucan 108, and sucrose, the glucose moiety of sucrose was found to be incorporated into glucan 108, and most of this glucose-incorporated glucan 108 was found in the non-ad-WIG fraction. The mode of inhibition of plaque formation by S. mutans 6715 appears to involve a shift from ad-WIG to non-ad-WIG formation. The water-soluble glucan 108 was found to have an approximate molecular weight of 2 X 10(6) and was hydrolyzed by fungal dextranase to yield glucans with an average molecular weight of about 1.2 X 10(4). This glucan (designated glucan 12k) was further hydrolyzed by bacterial dextranase to yield smaller glucans and oligosaccharides, but was refractile to alpha (1----3) glucanase. These results suggest that glucan 108 is a branched alpha (1----6) glucan, and it is proposed that UAB108 is defective in its ability to polymerize glucan 12k with alpha (1----3)-linked glucosyl residues. <38> UI - 86029405 AU - Curtiss R 3d TI - Genetic analysis of Streptococcus mutans virulence. [Review] [159 refs] SO - Current Topics in Microbiology & Immunology 1985;118:253-77 <39> UI - 86046999 AU - Storhaug K TI - Caries experience in disabled pre-school children. SO - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 1985 Aug;43(4):241-8 AB - The parents of 436 disabled pre-school children were interviewed about habits and problems relevant to dental health. The children, who represented 10 different disabling conditions, were examined and dmft registered. The purpose was to study the relationship between different background variables and caries experience. The dmft score was analyzed in accordance with several sociocultural, medical, and habitual variables, using a multiple classification analysis (MCA). The number of daily carbohydrate intakes, duration of use of nursing bottle, family income, and diagnosis were the variables with the strongest association with dmft. Children with congenital heart disease, asthma, and cystic fibrosis had a considerably higher adjusted dmft than the other diagnostic groups. The proportion of children with caries experience was higher in the present survey than in groups of Norwegian children of corresponding age. <40> UI - 86014130 AU - Thomson EJ AU - Kilanowski FM AU - Perry PE TI - The effect of fluoride on chromosome aberration and sister-chromatid exchange frequencies in cultured human lymphocytes. SO - Mutation Research 1985 Oct;144(2):89-92 AB - Sodium fluoride, at concentrations of up to 60 times the level normally used in drinking water for the prevention of dental decay, was compared with 2 other inorganic salts for its ability to induce chromosome aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in cultured human lymphocytes. No significant increases in the frequencies of aberrations of SCEs were found. <41> UI - 86008513 AU - Willey JC AU - Laveck MA AU - McClendon IA AU - Lechner JF TI - Relationship of ornithine decarboxylase activity and cAMP metabolism to proliferation of normal human bronchial epithelial cells. SO - Journal of Cellular Physiology 1985 Aug;124(2):207-12 AB - The mechanisms of action of extracellular mitogens for normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) were investigated by observing their effects on selected biochemical pathways when the cells were incubated in serum-free media. We find that (a) epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and the rate of cell division without stimulating cAMP; (b) alone, pituitary extract (PEX) does not stimulate ODC activity, cAMP levels, or cell division; (c) when PEX is added to medium containing EGF there is a further increase in both ODC activity and the rate of cell division, again with no increase in cAMP levels; (d) in contrast, alone, L-epinephrine (EPI) stimulates an increase in both ODC and cAMP but does not stimulate cell division; (e) when EPI is added to medium containing both EGF and PEX a further increase in the rate of cell division is noted; (f) the specific inhibitor of ODC, alpha-(difluoromethyl)-ornithine (DMFO), also inhibits NHBE cell proliferation; and (g) the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol inhibits the mitogenic action and ODC induction by EPI observed under condition e. We conclude that an increase in ODC activity is necessary but not sufficient for an increase in proliferation of NHBE cells. In contrast, cAMP stimulation is not necessary for an increase in NHBE cell division. However, in the presence of undefined factors in PEX, increases in cAMP levels result in a synergistic increase in the rate of EGF-stimulated clonal growth. By correlating the biochemical pathways invoked by EGF, PEX, EPI, and combinations thereof with their mitogenic actions, we have better defined the role each of these different mitogens plays in stimulating epithelial cell division. <42> UI - 86013729 AU - Smith GE TI - Fluoride, teeth and bone. [Review] [22 refs] SO - Medical Journal of Australia 1985 Sep 30;143(7):283-6 AB - Fluoride therapy has been credited with remarkable success in reducing the incidence of tooth decay. Medium to high doses of fluoride have been used in the treatment of osteoporosis. The precise mode of action of fluoride on teeth and bone has yet to be elucidated. It is often assumed that, except in rare circumstances, plasma and extracellular fluid levels of ionic fluoride will not reach concentrations capable of interfering with the normal functioning of human cells. However, fluoride accumulates in skeletal tissues and may be concentrated in the surface layers of the lacunae and canaliculae of bone. Such a hypothetical mechanism may help to clarify the pathogenesis of the osseous lesions in skeletal fluorosis. This hypothesis should be tested in view of recent findings which show that sodium fluoride has a genotoxic effect on embryonic cell culture lines, and can interfere with DNA synthesis in human oral keratinocytes. [References: 22] <43> UI - 85258984 AU - Davison D AU - Chapman CH AU - Wedeen C AU - Bingham PM TI - Genetic and physical studies of a portion of the white locus participating in transcriptional regulation and in synapsis-dependent interactions in Drosophila adult tissues. SO - Genetics 1985 Jul;110(3):479-94 AB - We have identified and sequenced the portion of the white locus affected by an idiosyncratic set of white mutant alleles (the wsp alleles). The affected white locus portion (wsp region) extends from ca. 590 base pairs (bp) to ca. 1270 bp 5' to the apparent start site for the major white transcription unit. Based on the properties of these mutant alleles, we infer the existence of two distinct cis-acting regulatory elements in the wsp region and a third element mapping 3' to this region (3' to position ca. -670). Our analysis allows us to define the apparent position of one of the two wsp region elements with substantial precision. Examination of the DNA sequences in this region suggests that it is functionally similar to the enhancers identified in vertebrates. This same element participates in synapsis-dependent genetic interactions, suggesting a largely unexpected relationship between enhancer-like, cis-acting genetic elements and the genetic elements responsible for the synapsis-dependent genetic interactions in trans revealed by the existence of transvection effects. Our results further suggest that a presumptive regulatory locus (suppressor-of-white-spotted) regulates white transcription in adult tissues and is not involved in regulating white expression in larvae. We discuss the regulation of white expression in light of our studies. We also demonstrate unusual structures for an X-ray-induced deletion and a spontaneous deletion. <44> UI - 85228594 AU - Grdina DJ AU - Nagy B AU - Hill CK AU - Wells RL AU - Peraino C TI - The radioprotector WR1065 reduces radiation-induced mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus in V79 cells. SO - Carcinogenesis 1985 Jun;6(6):929-31 AB - N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-1,3-diaminopropane (WR1065) protects against radiation-induced cell killing and mutagenesis at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) locus in V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells. At a concentration of 4 mM, WR1065 was found to be effective in protecting against radiation-induced cell lethality only if present during irradiation, e.g., a dose modification factor (DMF) of 1.9. No protective effect was observed if the protector was added within 5 min after irradiation or 3 h later, e.g., DMFs of 1.0 and 1.1, respectively. The effect of WR1065 on radiation-induced mutation, expressed as resistance to the cytotoxic purine analogue 6-thioguanine (HGPRT), was also investigated. In contrast to the treatment-schedule dependence for protection by WR1065 against cell killing, this agent was effective in reducing radiation-induced mutations regardless of when it was administered. Following a dose of 10 Gy of 60Co gamma-rays, the mutation frequencies observed per 10(6) survivors were 77 +/- 8, 27 +/- 6, 42 +/- 7, and 42 +/- 7 for radiation only, and WR1065 present during, immediately after, or 3 h after irradiation. These data suggest that although a segment of radiation-induced damage leading to reproductive death cannot be modulated through the postirradiation action of WR1065, processes leading to the fixation of gross genetic damage and mutation induction in surviving cells can be effectively altered and interfered with leading to a marked reduction in mutation frequency. <45> UI - 85202381 AU - Allanson JE AU - McGillivray BC TI - Familial clefting syndrome with ectropion and dental anomaly--without limb anomalies. SO - Clinical Genetics 1985 Apr;27(4):426-9 AB - Three generations of a family are described in which cleft lip and/or cleft palate, ectropion of the lower eyelids and conical teeth, subject to premature carious decay, occur in various combinations in different family members, in a manner consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. <46> UI - 85210269 AU - Murrah VA TI - Diabetes mellitus and associated oral manifestations: a review. [Review] [85 refs] SO - Journal of Oral Pathology 1985 Apr;14(4):271-81 AB - Oral research concerning diabetes mellitus has revealed a number of clinical implications. These include, among others, the need for more intense management of the diabetic patient with periodontal disease because tissue destruction may be accelerated, the need for rapid control of oral infection in these patients in order to prevent exacerbation of the existing metabolic imbalance, and the desirability of performing a screening for diabetes mellitus on all patients exhibiting asymptomatic parotid enlargement. Despite the explosion of knowledge concerning diabetes mellitus that has occurred since the discovery of insulin, its definitive etiology continues to elude the scientific community and its treatment remains in the realm of clinical management rather than in that of prevention and cure. In the past, research on diabetes has focused on the role of insulin in seeking the fundamental etiology of diabetes and its complications. With the progression of research, it has become apparent that the initiation and progression of the disease probably involve the interplay of a multiplicity of factors. Hereditary and immunologic factors, as suggested earlier, appear to be operated on by environmental factors, subsequently altering the body's metabolic milieu with widespread primary and secondary effects. Fertile areas for future oral research in diabetes mellitus will include, therefore, genetics, immunology, enzymology, and basement membrane pathology. On the cellular and molecular levels, particularly, the oral cavity and associated structures comprise a somewhat under-investigated area in diabetes mellitus research and, thus, hold great promise for increasing our knowledge of this complex disease. [References: 85] <47> UI - 85220927 AU - Lehner T TI - Immunization against dental caries. [Review] [63 refs] SO - Vaccine 1985 Mar;3(1):65-8 AB - Prevention of dental caries has been investigated by immunization with Streptococcus mutans in rodents and subhuman primates. In addition to cells and cell walls of S. mutans, the enzyme glucosyl transferase and purified protein antigens prepared from S. mutans were successfully used in immunization against dental caries. Subcutaneous immunization of rhesus monkeys elicits significant levels of serum IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies, lymphorproliferative response and T cell helper activity to S. mutans cells and to streptococcal antigen (SA) I/II. These immune responses are associated with significant reduction of caries and colonization by S. mutans. However, oral immunization induced only a modest increase in salivary IgA antibodies to S. mutans and a small reduction in caries. Successful immunization in sub-human primates requires optimal T cell helper and minimal suppressor activities in order to elicit high titre and avidity of IgG antibodies. The SA dose required to elicit an optimal T cell helper function in man is HLA-DR dependent. Serum IgG antibodies pass through the gingival crevicular epithelium onto the tooth surface, where they may opsonize S. mutans for phagocytosis by the local neutrophils and prevent adherence of S. mutans, thereby preventing the development of caries. [References: 63] <48> UI - 85219607 AU - de Vries RR AU - Zeylemaker P AU - van Palenstein Helderman WH AU - Huis in 't Veld JH TI - Lack of association between HLA-DR antigens and dental caries. SO - Tissue Antigens 1985 Mar;25(3):173-4 <49> UI - 85189552 AU - Crall JJ TI - Prevention of oral disease in children: concepts and practices. SO - Pediatric Annals 1985 Feb;14(2):140-1, 144-7 AB - Many of the dental traits exhibit continuous variation due to the multifactorial nature of dental development. Genetic and environmental disorders can result in further variation in specific dental traits. Identification of a dental anomaly can, at times, lead to the initial diagnosis of an underlying disorder and portend the patient's future health risks. Examples include the specific pattern of hypodontia seen before the development of iris dysplasia in Rieger syndrome, and the presence of supernumerary teeth and facial osteomas preceding malignant transformation of intestinal polyps in Gardner syndrome. In addition, dental anomalies can be useful in evaluating a patient's past medical history. A horizontal line of structural alteration in teeth can be used as a kymographic record of the causative metabolic disturbance and help pinpoint the active period of the disturbance. Normal eruption times of primary and permanent teeth also show a broad range of individual variation. Many disorders can cause extreme alterations in the eruption times of primary and permanent teeth or act to cause their premature exfoliation through disruption of their supporting tissues. The disruption of the eruption and integrity of the dentition can function as an indicator of the existent disease state. For example, the early exfoliation of primary teeth may be the presenting symptom of a patient with leukemia. Recognition of dental anomalies, distinct from normal variation can, therefore, be useful to the physician in the diagnosis of a patient's underlying condition and lead to a more thorough understanding of the mechanism of these disorders. <50> UI - 85129825 AU - Duba VV AU - Pitkevich VA AU - Selyova NG AU - Petrova IV AU - Myasnik MN TI - The formation of photoreactivable damage by direct excitation of DNA in X-irradiated E. coli cells. SO - International Journal of Radiation Biology & Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry & Medicine 1985 Jan;47(1):49-56 AB - The role of the direct excitation process in the formation of photoreactivable damage (pyrimidine dimers) in E. coli WP2 hcr-exr- cells has been studied. The pyrimidine dimers were detected by photoreactivation following anoxic irradiation by X-rays (220 kVp). The dose modifying factor (DMF) is 1.28 +/- 0.09. A biophysical model is used for a theoretical examination of the importance of the direct excitation process in the formation of photoreactivable damage and the experimental data are consistent with this model. <51> UI - 85132098 AU - Takala I AU - Alvesalo L AU - Palin-Palokas T AU - Paunio K AU - Suoranta K TI - Caries prevalence in Turner's syndrome (45,X females). SO - Journal of Dental Research 1985 Feb;64(2):126-8 AB - Dental caries prevelance in permanent teeth (DFS) was studied in 50 patients with Turner's syndrome (45,X females) and 41 normal first-degree female relatives. Caries prevalence was lower in 45,X women than in controls, and this difference was more pronounced in the incisor region than in pre-molar and molar teeth. <52> UI - 85110978 AU - Rasmuson A TI - Comparative studies of the induction of somatic eye-color mutations in an unstable strain of Drosophila melanogaster by MMS and X-rays at different developmental stages. SO - Mutation Research 1985 Jan-Feb;148(1-2):65-70 AB - An unstable white locus in Drosophila melanogaster originally described by Rasmuson and Green (1974) and further by Rasmuson et al. (1978, 1980) contains an IS element. This constellation interacts with the zeste mutation and forms a mutationally unstable system that is sensitive to a variety of mutagens. Mutational shifts between zeste and wild-type eye color as well as deletions and transpositions of the white locus are frequently occurring in the unstable X-chromosome in germ line and in somatic tissue. Germinal mutations from zeste to wild-type eye color are associated with an insertion of a piece of DNA, proximal to the wsp site, and the shifts from red to zeste are caused by an excision of the same piece (Rasmuson, in preparation). Mutations to pigmentless phenotype are interpreted as deletions of the white locus, while they always are irreversible and show non-complementation with wsp. The somatic system can be used as a screening test for potential mutagens, described by Rasmuson et al. (1984). This survey is an attempt to correlate the size of the mutated area of the eyes with the age of the larvae at mutagen treatment. X-Rays and MMS were used to give an indication of the mechanism of the instability, according to the different kinds of DNA damage induced. The results show that the mean size of red spots decreased with increasing age of larvae at treatment, while the mutation frequencies were increased because of the multiplication of the cells in the eye anlage susceptible to the mutagens. This is contradictory to the hypothesis maintained by Fahmy and Fahmy (1980) that the somatic shifts are not mutagenic but epigenetic events, due to altered regulation of the gene expression. Red spots induced with MMS are smaller in size than X-ray-induced red spots, indicating a delay in the establishment of mutations from chemically-induced lesions compared to irradiation damage. White spots on the other hand were equally large in size, irrespective of inducing agent and about twice the size of the chemically-induced red spots, implying a faster and more direct action for fixation of deletions than for the production of MMS induced shifts in eye color from zeste to red. <53> UI - 85106865 AU - Barlet JP TI - Calcitonin may modulate placental transfer of calcium in ewes. SO - Journal of Endocrinology 1985 Jan;104(1):17-21 AB - In pregnant ewes bearing twin fetuses and fed an adequate Ca diet, the consequences of calcitonin (CT) deficiency (induced by thyroidectomy performed on day 30 of gestation, associated with daily thyroxine supplementation) differed according to the time of pregnancy. Such a deficiency had no significant effect either on fetal total body Ca content or on placental transfer of Ca in 77-day-old fetuses. On the contrary, CT deficiency for 110 days (on day 140 of pregnancy) was associated with an increased Ca concentration in fetal total body and increased placental transfer of Ca from the dam to its fetus, which did not occur in five thyroidectomized ewes supplemented with thyroxine and CT. This indicates that CT might protect the skeleton of the pregnant female against excessive demineralization by modulating placental transfer of Ca, when such a transfer become important, during periods of intense mineralization of the fetal skeleton. <54> UI - 85080254 AU - Lever JE TI - Variant (MDCK) kidney epithelial cells altered in response to inducers of dome formation and differentiation. SO - Journal of Cellular Physiology 1985 Jan;122(1):45-52 AB - Confluent cultures of the MDCK kidney epithelial cell line exhibit dome formation, a result of transepithelial fluid transport influenced by cell-cell and cell-substratum interaction. Dome formation was inducible by hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) or dimethylformamide (DMF), compounds known as inducers of cell differentiation (Lever, 1979b). Analysis of the incidence of the dome-forming phenotype in colonies derived nonselectively from the MDCK cell line suggested that inducers recruit an increased fraction of the cell population to express dome formation. Variant MDCK cell lines were isolated which differed from the parental line in response to inducers while retaining cuboidal epithelial morphology. In five independently isolated and cloned MDCK variants, dome formation was not inducible by DMF and only marginally increased by HMBA. This phenotype was also associated with increased cell adhesiveness to a plastic substratum. Results from cocultivation experiments suggested that the DMF-unresponsive phenotype of variant cells may be partially overcome by cell-cell contact with wild-type cells. Sodium pump transport activity assessed by ouabain-sensitive Rb+ uptake was partially inhibited by HMBA and by DMF in a "wild-type" inducer-responsive clone. By contrast, DMF did not inhibit ouabain-sensitive Rb+ uptake in DMF-unresponsive variant clones, and sodium pump inhibition by HMBA was greatly diminished. This close correspondence between altered sodium pump modulation by inducers in variant clones and their altered dome-forming response reinforces our previous conclusions (Kennedy and Lever, 1984) that sodium pump modulation is closely associated with mechanisms of inducer action. Taken together, these findings implicate cell-cell interaction, cell-substratum interaction and sodium pump modulation in regulation of the differentiated phenotype of this cell line. <55> UI - 85134865 AU - O'Hare K AU - Murphy C AU - Levis R AU - Rubin GM TI - DNA sequence of the white locus of Drosophila melanogaster. SO - Journal of Molecular Biology 1984 Dec 15;180(3):437-55 AB - The DNA sequence of the white locus of Drosophila melanogaster is presented. This 14,100 base-pair sequence includes the region of the locus required for wild-type levels of expression and control of expression. We also report the sequence of a complementary DNA clone which established the position of the 3' end of the white RNA on this genomic sequence. The probable exon-intron structure of the gene has been predicted from the DNA sequence of the regions known to be represented in the RNA. The amino acid sequence of the protein which would be produced by translation of this RNA suggests that the white locus gene product may be a membrane protein. The DNA sequence rearrangements associated with seven insertion mutants (white-dominant-zeste-like (wDZL), white-spotted (wsp), white-honey (wh), white-zeste-mottled (wzm), white-apricot (wa), white-buff (wbf) and white-hd81b11 (whd81b11)), one deletion mutant (white-spotted 4 (wsp4)) and one internal duplication mutant (white-ivory (wi)) have been determined and positioned on the wild-type sequence. The positions of these insertions and those of previously characterized insertions associated with six other mutations suggest that some insertions within an intron may still allow the production of correctly spliced RNA, but affect the amount, and correspondingly the expression of the w locus. <56> UI - 85075589 AU - Takao T AU - Okuno T AU - Ito M AU - Nakano S AU - Hattori H AU - Mikawa H TI - Tuberous sclerosis with increasing calcification in the brain during a 15-month period: a case report. SO - Computerized Radiology 1984 Sep-Oct;8(5):279-83 AB - We report here a patient with tuberous sclerosis who, over a 15-month period, had markedly increasing brain calcification on CT (computed tomography). When first seen, the 2-month-old boy had a white spot on the right thigh. His mother, maternal uncles, grandfather and great-grandfather had not only white spot but also sebaceous adenoma. Infantile spasms were noted 2 days after birth. His first brain CT at 3 months of age showed a slightly higher than normal density area in the right occipital lobe. Subsequent CT scans at 6 and 18 months of age revealed progressively increasing density in this area (CT number above 60). <57> UI - 85081236 AU - Lane PW AU - Liu HM TI - Association of megacolon with a new dominant spotting gene (Dom) in the mouse. SO - Journal of Heredity 1984 Nov-Dec;75(6):435-9 AB - A new semidominant mutation in the mouse is described. In heterozygotes it produces white spotting and a deficiency of myenteric ganglion cells in the colon and, in homozygotes it is lethal prior to 13 days of gestation. The mutation, called dominant megacolon, symbol Dom, is located on chromosome (chr) 15, 20.6 +/- 1.6 units proximal to Ca. Hairy ears, Eh, a semidominant gene also on chr 15 is shown to have a suppressing effect on crossing over in this section of chr 15. <58> UI - 85064285 AU - Boyd JB AU - Mulliken JB AU - Kaban LB AU - Upton J 3d AU - Murray JE TI - Skeletal changes associated with vascular malformations. SO - Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 1984 Dec;74(6):789-97 AB - Five hundred and eighty birthmarks were reviewed; 356 were hemangiomas and 224 were malformations. Bony alterations occurred in association with only 1 percent of hemangiomas, in contrast with 34 percent of patients with vascular malformations. These alterations in bone development were classified according to size, shape, and density changes. Hypertrophy and distortion were typical of lymphatic malformations. Hypoplasia and demineralization were characteristic findings in the extremity venous malformations. Destructive and intraosseous changes were more commonly noted in the arterial or high-flow lesions. Possible mechanisms of altered skeletal growth include mechanical, physiological, and developmental processes. <59> UI - 85043904 AU - Hochberg Z AU - Benderli A AU - Levy J AU - Vardi P AU - Weisman Y AU - Chen T AU - Feldman D TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D resistance, rickets, and alopecia. SO - American Journal of Medicine 1984 Nov;77(5):805-11 AB - Two unrelated kindreds with four affected children having 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D resistance, rickets, and alopecia are described. The children exhibited early onset of severe rickets with hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Radiography showed diffuse demineralization and classic changes of rickets. All affected children had total-body alopecia. Serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were elevated and rose to extremely high values during treatment, with no apparent change in the mineral disorder. However, secondary hyperparathyroidism and hypophosphatemia did remit during treatment despite persistently low calcium levels. Skin biopsy was performed in the parents and affected children in one kindred. Analysis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in cultured fibroblasts indicated apparent normal receptors in the parents and undetectable receptors in both affected children. After long periods of treatment with vitamin D metabolites and mineral replacement, healing took place in the older child in each kindred. These data suggest that the healing occurred spontaneously as the children reached seven to nine years of age rather than as a result of the treatment. The biochemical lesion in these children appeared to be a genetically transmitted defect in the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor. The mechanisms by which healing was initiated and maintained remain to be elucidated. <60> UI - 85030616 AU - Lucas DL AU - Tanuma S AU - Davies PJ AU - Wright DG AU - Johnson GS TI - Maturation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells induced by nicotinamide: evidence of a regulatory role for ADP-ribosylation of chromosomal proteins. SO - Journal of Cellular Physiology 1984 Nov;121(2):334-40 AB - We have studied the role of ADP-ribosylation of chromosomal proteins in the regulation of myeloid cell maturation using the HL-60 cell line as a model. Nuclei isolated from this human promyelocytic leukemia cell line contained (ADP-ribose)n synthetase activity, whereas little or no enzymatic activity was detectable in normal human blood neutrophils. Furthermore, the activity of (ADP-ribose)n synthetase was decreased in HL-60 cells when they were induced to mature with retinoic acid (RA). To determine whether reduced (ADP-ribose)n synthetase activity is simply a result of induced maturation or whether it is a necessary precedent event for the maturation process, we evaluated the effects of nicotinamide (NAm) and its methyl derivative, N'-methylnicotinamide (N'-Met-NAm), agents which decrease ADP-ribosylation. Treatment of HL-60 cells with these drugs caused the cells to undergo maturation and to acquire certain of the morphologic, functional, and biochemical characteristics of normal neutrophils. N'-Met-NAm was more potent than NAm in inducing maturation; at a concentration of 0.8 mM, it caused greater than 80% of the cells to mature, whereas a tenfold greater concentration of NAm was required to induce a similar degree of maturation. NAm and N'-Met-NAm also potentiated the maturation of HL-60 cells induced by RA. Exposure of cells to noninducing concentrations of these compounds caused a leftward shift in the dose-response curve for RA; maturation was observed at 10(-11) M RA in the presence of either 2 mM NAm or 0.2 mM N'-Met-NAm while 10(-9) M RA was required to induce maturation in their absence. A leftward shift in the dose response curve for maturation in the presence of low doses of NAm or N'-Met-NAm did not occur with another inducer, dimethyl formamide (DMF). Two enzymes, NAD glycohydrolase and tissue transglutaminase, that are abundant in macrophages, were induced by RA but not by NAm. N'-Met-NAm decreased by about 75% the amount of endogenous (ADP-ribose)n in a selected fraction of chromosomal proteins which included histone H1 and the nonhistone high mobility group proteins. The results of this study support the concept that ADP-ribosylation of chromosomal proteins influences the regulation of human myeloid cell maturation. <61> UI - 85046134 AU - Corruccini RS AU - Lee GT TI - Occlusal variation in Chinese immigrants to the United Kingdom and their offspring. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1984;29(10):779-82 AB - Occlusal variations of immigrant Chinese parents, raised in less developed areas, were compared with their children who were born and bred in the United Kingdom. Of 11 occlusal traits, nine were significantly more variable or less well developed in the offspring. Because genetic factors were unchanged, the deterioration in occlusion in the offspring indicates environmental influences such as dietary consistency, premature deciduous tooth loss from caries and oral respiration. <62> UI - 85020183 AU - Wright S TI - The first Meckel oration: on the causes of morphological differences in a population of guinea pigs. SO - American Journal of Medical Genetics 1984 Aug;18(4):591-616 AB - The first morphological abnormality considered here was of a very superficial sort: deviations from the smooth coat of wild cavies and most guinea pigs. The deviations of "rough-furred" individuals range from a single irregularity or a single pair of rosettes to the "full rough" pattern. Roughness may be restricted to the hind toes, forehead, or hair around the eyes or belly, or (very rarely) to a small area on one side of the back. There is no indication of gene control in the last, and no analysis of the only strain (in Professor Castle's laboratory) that I have seen, of roughness restricted to the belly. A dominant gene, R, in combination with a semidominant modifier, M, account for the fancier roughs (R-MM toes only, R-mm full rough). A gene, st, that is completely dominant in the absence of R, semidominant in its presence, was descended from 3 animals from outside the colony. It accounts for a large forehead rosette, usually with a small white spot in front of its center. A statistically semidominant gene, Re, with extremely irregular, often asymmetric penetrance tends to cause rosettes about the eyes. This arose by mutation late in the history of the Whitman colony. It is strengthened by presence of R MM. Considerable variation occurs in the numbers of dorsal rosettes of R Mm and R mm. These have not been analyzed satisfactorily because the genetic differences are confounded by nongenetic ones. It is not practicable to summarize briefly all of the complex interaction effects of these factors, but it may be noted that the most surprising one had to do with genes St and R. The forehead rosette due to rr St closely resembles that of R mm (except for the absence of the pleiotropic white spot). The combination, R mm St St, shows none of the expected enhancement but instead shows nearly complete cancellation of the rosette. Moreover, the anterior dorsal rosettes of R mm st st are much reduced and seemingly shoved backward and laterally to give a large smooth shield back of the ears. St St also reduces the usual dorsal pair of rosettes of R Mm. With St st, all of these antagonistic effects are weaker and less regular. Another morphological deviation to be considered was the fairly common restoration of an atavistic little toe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) <63> UI - 84288939 AU - Nakatsugawa S AU - Dewey WC TI - The role in cancer therapy of inhibiting recovery from PLD induced by radiation or bleomycin. SO - International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 1984 Aug;10(8):1425-30 AB - Effects on survival of allowing and inhibiting potentially lethal damage recovery (PLDR) after X ray or bleomycin (bleo) exposure, especially at clinically applicable doses, were examined in plateau phase Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Dose modifying factors (DMF's) between immediately explanted cells and those trypsinized 24 hours after various doses of X rays were 2.51 +/- 0.12 (mean +/- 2 S.E.) at 70% surviving fraction (SF), 2.03 +/- 0.085 at 40% and 1.71-1.79 at lower SF levels. Thus, at doses used clinically (1-4 Gy), the DMF by PLDR was more than 2.0, suggesting its importance in radiotherapy of cancers. Feeder layers were found to increase the SF, especially for replating immediately after bleo exposure. Among the inhibitors tested, 3'-deoxyguanosine at 3.7 mM and caffeine at 10.3 mM inhibited x and bleo PLDR (DMF of 1.0-1.2) when trypsinized 24 hours after treatment. However, interestingly, 3 aminobenzamide, a specific inhibitor of poly (ADP) ribose synthesis, even at 14.7 or 29.4 mM, was not as effective in suppressing both x and bleo PLDR, suggesting the role of repair processes independent of poly (ADP) ribose levels in PLDR in plateau phase cultures. Possibilities of clinical application of PLDR inhibitors as radio- and chemosensitizers are discussed. <64> UI - 84288940 AU - Arundel CM AU - Leith JT AU - Dexter DL AU - Glicksman AS TI - Polar solvent modification of X ray induced potentially lethal damage in heterogeneous human colon tumor cells in vitro. SO - International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 1984 Aug;10(8):1431-5 AB - Two subpopulations of tumor cells (clones A and D) obtained from a human colon adenocarcinoma were examined for their sensitivities to x-irradiation as unfed, early plateau phase cultures. Both the single dose survival curves and the kinetics of potentially lethal damage recovery (PLDR) were determined for the two tumor lines. Also, possible modification of PLDR by N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), which has previously been shown to enhance the radiosensitivity of exponentially growing tumor cells, was investigated by adding DMF (0.8% v/v) to plateau phase cultures immediately after irradiation, and determining effects on the extent of PLDR. For non-DMF treated cells, the survival curve parameters of the diploid (clone D) and aneuploid (clone A) lines were very similar. The single-hit, multitarget values for n, Do (Gy), and Dq (Gy) were: 7.9, 0.82, and 1.70 for clone D; and 10.6, 0.83, and 1.96 for clone A. Using initial survival levels of 3.5% (clone D) or 5.5% (clone A) to investigate PLDR, it was found that the increase in survival (surviving fraction ratio or SFR) for clone D was 2.2, while the SFR for clone A was 1.6. DMF did not change either the kinetics or extent of PLDR in these two tumor lines when added to cultures immediately after irradiation. Our results indicate that significant heterogeneity in PLDR exists between these closely related tumor subpopulations. <65> UI - 84279566 AU - Davey AL AU - Rogers AH TI - Multiple types of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans in the human mouth and their intra-family transmission. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1984;29(6):453-60 AB - To identify the source of infection with the potentially cariogenic Streptococcus mutans, unstimulated saliva and two approximal plaque samples were examined from each member of 10 families, five of which were re-sampled 6 months later. Each morphological type of Strep. mutans appearing on SB-20 medium was identified by a biochemical micromethod and by bacteriocin typing. Ninety-three per cent of the 46 subjects harboured Strep. mutans and multiple types were detected in 78 per cent of adults and 46 per cent of infected children. Each mouth yielded c/e/f biotypes and 46 per cent also carried d/g types. Generally, saliva types were the same as those in plaque and the second sampling confirmed the first. Most fathers did not share strains with others in the family but all the infected children shared at least one common strain with the mother. The mother as the major source of Strep. mutans infection in young children was confirmed. <66> UI - 84266729 AU - Hollinger TG AU - Alvarez IM TI - The effect of trifluoperazine on maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes. SO - Journal of Experimental Zoology 1984 Jun;230(3):427-41 AB - Full grown Xenopus oocytes were incubated with trifluoperazine (TFP) or injected with TFP. Incubation of oocytes in TFP resulted in normal-appearing meiotic maturation, as judged by the presence of the white spot and the absence of the germinal vesicle. Cortical granule breakdown in TFP-incubated oocytes was not normal. Abnormal cortical granule breakdown was also observed when progesterone-maturated oocytes were activated in the presence of TFP. Oocytes microinjected with TFP and incubated with progesterone appeared to mature in a normal manner, as judged by the absence of the germinal vesicle; these underwent cortical granule breakdown following activation, but frequently lacked the white spot. Oocytes microinjected with TFP did not mature in the absence of progesterone. We conclude that incubation, although not microinjection, of oocytes with TFP induces essentially normal resumption of meiotic maturation. <67> UI - 84258683 AU - Whedon GD TI - Disuse osteoporosis: physiological aspects. SO - Calcified Tissue International 1984;36 Suppl 1:S146-50 AB - Immobilization in plaster, bed rest, and the weightless state all result in calcium loss which if continued for a few months will result in detectable demineralization of the lower extremities. The upper extremities are "different" bones (presumably differently programmed genetically), for they have not been seen to develop X-ray-detectable demineralization except after several months of severe paralysis. The substantial losses of calcium in inactivity are accompanied by sizeable losses of nitrogen, reflective of muscle atrophy. Hence, we do not know how much of the bone loss in disuse is mediated by diminished direct physical forces on bone, how much by decreased muscle pull on periosteum, and how much perhaps by circulatory or other changes. <68> UI - 84263674 AU - Meurman JH AU - Hakala PE TI - Cranial manifestations of hypophosphatasia in childhood nephrotic syndrome. SO - International Journal of Oral Surgery 1984 Jun;13(3):249-55 AB - A 7-year-old boy was referred to the children's hospital because of gross oedema and tiredness. Massive proteinuria was found and the condition was diagnosed as a childhood nephrotic syndrome. Concomitantly, pathologically low levels of serum alkaline phosphatase were recorded, and this, together with generalized osteoporosis and premature synostosis of cranial sutures, led to a second diagnosis: hypophosphatasia. The patient's family history further confirmed this condition of a heritable defect of metabolism. Dental inspection revealed very carious teeth with characteristically enlarged pulp chambers in molars. Histological examination of an extracted tooth revealed an unusually wide zone of predentine with some other dentinal irregularities. No cement layer was found. The skeletal age and exfoliation of primary teeth, however, were normal, unlike most reported cases of hypophosphatasia. The patient's renal disease was treated mainly with corticosteroids. There is no treatment for hypophosphatasia. <69> UI - 84238429 AU - Ainamo A AU - Ainamo J TI - The dentition is intended to last a lifetime. SO - International Dental Journal 1984 Jun;34(2):87-92 AB - During the twentieth century total loss of teeth has become prevalent in many countries, for example in New Zealand, in the United Kingdom and also in Finland. At age 65 and over more people have lost than retained their teeth in these countries. This situation does not, however, seem to represent the development originally intended by Nature. In a series of studies it has been possible to demonstrate that human teeth erupt with their supporting tissues throughout adult life. Between ages 43 and 65 years this eruption is only slightly slower than between ages 23 and 43 years. The purpose of this genetically predetermined eruption of human teeth seems to be to compensate for the natural wear of the occlusal surfaces and incisal edges. It seems that Nature has done its best. Why then have so many people lost their teeth in modern society? A review of the prevalence of, and the reasons for, edentulousness indicates that the total loss of teeth is historically closely related to rather rapid changes in dietary habits, combined with ignorance of prevention, unfortunate social circumstances and insufficient dental manpower resources at the right time in the right place. Against this background there is a great challenge to the dental profession to teach people how to care for their teeth and avoid needless destruction of the dentition by dental caries and periodontal disease. <70> UI - 84217598 AU - Eberle F AU - Hartenfels S AU - Pralle H AU - Kabisch A TI - Adult hypophosphatasia without apparent skeletal disease: "odontohypophosphatasia" in four heterozygote members of a family. SO - Klinische Wochenschrift 1984 Apr 16;62(8):371-6 AB - Twenty members of a family with adult hypophosphatasia were examined clinically and biochemically. Severe caries causing early loss of permanent teeth was the only clinical symptom which could be attributed to hypophosphatasia. None of them had a history of defective bone mineralization, rachitic skeletal alterations, and recurrent pseudofractures or fractures. An iliac crest bone biopsy of the proposita showed a normal finding corresponding to the age of the patient. Four family members in two subsequent generations were affected, thus suggesting an autosomal dominant inheritance. Their serum and leukocyte alkaline phosphatases were reduced. The phosphoethanolamine (PEA) excretion in the urine was increased to a level which suggests a heterozygote state. The serum alkaline phosphatase activity could be ascribed to the liver isoenzyme fraction. This was shown by polyacrylamide electrophoresis, by inhibition studies with organ-specific inhibitors, heat inactivation, inhibition by antibodies, and treatment with neuraminidase. The proposita had an unexplained, diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver. Thus, not only alterations of bone but also of liver metabolism in hypophosphatasia should be considered. The variety of adult hypophosphatasia described in this paper is characterized by the lack of severe bone abnormalities, the apparently autosomal dominant inheritance, and the reduction of bone and intestinal isoenzyme in the serum. Our study suggests that hypophosphatasia is a heterogeneous disorder which includes both severe and clinically mild forms. <71> UI - 84180438 AU - Chakrabarty S AU - McRae LJ AU - Levine AE AU - Brattain MG TI - Restoration of normal growth control and membrane antigen composition in malignant cells by N,N-dimethylformamide. SO - Cancer Research 1984 May;44(5):2181-5 AB - The effects of the differentiation agent, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), on malignant AKR-MCA cells were studied. The properties of DMF-treated AKR-MCA cells were compared to those of the normal parental AKR-2B mouse embryo fibroblasts. AKR-MCA cells grown in 1% DMF were found to be more similar to their normal counterparts than to untreated AKR-MCA cells by several criteria. These criteria included the loss of the transformed morphology, a 2-fold reduction of doubling time, a 10-fold reduction of saturation density, and the complete loss of the ability to grow with anchorage independence. The expression of high-molecular-weight membrane antigens (Mr 110,000 to 450,000), which was found to be greatly reduced in AKR-MCA cells in comparison to normal AKR-2B cells, was restored by treatment of AKR-MCA cells with DMF. The expression of a low-molecular-weight AKR-MCA cell-associated membrane antigen, on the other hand was found to be suppressed. Studies on the mitogenic response of these cells indicated that AKR-MCA and AKR-2B cells may be regulated by different types of growth control. Growth-arrested AKR-MCA cells did not respond to epidermal growth factor, but responded to nutrient replenishment. AKR-2B cells, on the other hand, responded to epidermal growth factor, but did not respond to nutrient replenishment. Treatment of AKR-MCA cells with DMF restored their ability to respond to epidermal growth factor, while their ability to respond to nutrient replenishment was lost. The results of this study indicated that DMF treatment induced the normalization of malignant AKR-MCA cells with regard to membrane antigen composition and growth control properties. <72> UI - 84142006 AU - Zijlstra JA AU - Vogel EW TI - Mutagenicity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and some other aromatic mutagens in Drosophila melanogaster. SO - Mutation Research 1984 Feb;125(2):243-61 AB - The optimal conditions for mutagenesis studies with DMBA and some other aromatic carcinogens in Drosophila were investigated in detail. The results presented in this paper indicate the following. The mutagenic effectiveness of DMBA is dependent on the route of administration, injection being far more effective when compared with feeding. The choice of the solvent is a crucial experimental condition. DMBA, when dissolved in oil/DMF, is ineffective whereas a special fat emulsion of DMBA gives high mutation frequencies. There appears to be an extreme strain dependence in the mutagenicity of DMBA. Mutagenic effectiveness in strain Berlin-K was rather low, whereas Oregon-K and Karsnas-60 proved to be very susceptible to DMBA. Under the conditions of test, DMBA did not induce loss of a ring-X chromosome and did not produce recessive lethal mutations in such a chromosome. DMBA did not produce 2-3 translocations to any significant extent. An increase in DMBA-induced recessive lethal mutations was found upon storage of treated sperm with an optimal storage time of 4-10 days. DMBA is efficient in the production of delayed recessive lethal mutations in strain Berlin-K. Twice as many lethals were recovered with the F3 generation as compared with those in F2. In strain Oregon-K, where the frequency of F2 lethals was much higher than in strain Berlin-K, the ratio of F3/F2 lethals was clearly lower. Enzyme induction with phenobarbital reduces the mutagenic effectiveness of DMBA. Whereas TMBA was not mutagenic in Berlin-K, considerable mutagenicity was observed in Oregon-K and Karsnas-60. Injection of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines, when dissolved in special fat emulsions, enhances the mutagenic effectiveness of some compounds (DMBA, TMBA, DA and AcO-AAF), but this procedure does not always solve the problems pertinent to these classes of promutagens in Drosophila. <73> UI - 84143516 AU - Schwartz S AU - Tsipouras P TI - Oral findings in osteogenesis imperfecta. SO - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1984 Feb;57(2):161-7 AB - The dentitions of twenty-eight patients, each of whom had either an autosomal dominant or a sporadic osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) syndrome, were evaluated. The diagnosis of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) could be established in all seven patients with dominantly inherited OI in three families, while all eight persons with dominant OI in three other families had normal teeth. Of the thirteen remaining patients with OI, twelve had no family history of the disorder; four had DI and eight had normal teeth. One person had a family history of OI and DI. All patients with abnormal tooth wear and spontaneous tooth fractures had DI. The DMF ratio increased with age in all patients with OI type I and was higher among the patients with OI type III and DI. Class III malocclusions were found in 66% of the patients. A statistically significant high incidence of impacted first and second molars was noted. <74> UI - 85152262 AU - Miller LP AU - Miller DR TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: current status, controversies, and future perspective. [Review] [426 refs] SO - Critical Reviews in Oncology-Hematology 1983;1(2):129-97 AB - Disease-free survival (DFS) in childhood ALL is 60%, and survival in good, average, and poor prognostic groups defined by initial WBC and age is 90, 60, and 45%, respectively. Additional immunological, morphological, biochemical, cytokinetic, and cytogenetic factors have been identified, illustrating the heterogeneity of ALL and its derivation from malignant clones at various stages of differentiation and with varying rates of proliferation. Of biologic importance, these factors may refine further the characteristic features of clinically-determined prognostic groups. Multivariate analysis of large prospective trials with homogeneous therapy will be required to determine the independent prognostic importance of these factors. Current treatment strategies in ALL include (1) tailoring therapy and its intensity to prognostic groups; (2) multiple-drug combinations in induction; (3) early use of intrathecal (IT) methotrexate (MTX); (4) CNS prophylaxis with IT MTX alone in good prognosis patients and combined cranial radiation (CXRT), 1800 rads plus IT MTX, in average and poor prognosis patients. Current studies show a CNS relapse rate of 5% in all prognostic groups. Late neuropsychological defects caused by cranial XRT and IT MTX have prompted programs designed to reduce the potential late toxicity of CNS prophylaxis. More pronounced in younger children, these abnormalities include decreased IQ, visual-motor incoordination, poor performance in mathematics, and memory dysfunction. Until 1980, more intensive induction, consolidation, and maintenance therapy had failed to prolong DFS in children with a poor prognosis. In West Germany (Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster protocol) a 70 to 75% DFS is seen in all patients regardless of initial WBC, suggesting that effective therapy will override prognostic factors. Ultra-high-dose MTX, without cranial radiation, is also showing promise in poor prognosis patients. Other issues include the optimal duration of therapy, the role of testicular biopsies, and prophylactic testicular radiation. Recent studies suggest that prognostic factors lose their significance after 2 years of continuous complete remission and that 2 years of maintenance therapy is adequate. Bilateral open-wedge testicular biopsies have identified occult testicular disease in 8 to 10% of males. A unified approach to children with leukemia/lymphoma, a group with a particularly poor prognosis, utilizing NHL-type therapy may be more effective than conventional ALL therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) [References: 426] <75> UI - 84198682 AU - Hamada S AU - Koga T AU - Okahashi N TI - Characterization of a mutant of serotype g Streptococcus mutans strain 6715 lacking dextran-induced agglutination. SO - Zentralblatt Fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie Und Hygiene - 1 - Abt - Originale A, Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Infektionskrankheiten Und Parasitologie 1983 May;254(3):343-51 AB - A spontaneous mutant of Streptococcus mutans 6715 (serotype g) defective in dextran-induced agglutination ability was isolated. The wild type strain and its mutant were termed as 6715-DP and 6715-DN, respectively. Both strains possessed serotype g antigen, and exerted similar sugar fermentation patterns. Strain 6715-DP was rapidly and strongly agglutinated upon addition of high molecular weight dextran, whereas the mutant strain 6715-DN was not. [14C]Dextran prepared from Leuconostoc mesenteroides dextransucrase and [14C]sucrose bound to fresh or lyophilized 6715-DP cells, but not to the mutant 6715-DN cells. However, both strains adhered to a glass surface in the presence of sucrose. Furthermore, heat-treated (100 degrees C, 10 min) cells of both strains bound cell-free glucosyltransferase, although dextran agglutination ability of strain 6715-DP was destroyed by this treatment, indicating that receptors for dextran and glucosyltransferase were different entities. Furthermore, serotype c, e, and f strains S. mutans did not agglutinate upon addition of dextran, nor did they bind [14C]dextran. However, all these strains and both 6715-DP and 6715-DN strains induced marked dental caries in SPF rats. It is concluded that dextran-induced agglutination ability is not a necessary condition for S. mutans to induce dental caries. <76> UI - 84162334 AU - Kimball PM AU - Hixon S TI - Nuclear protein changes following N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-induced maturation. SO - Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 1983;22(4):245-9 AB - A human colonic carcinoma cell line was exposed to a nontoxic concentration of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) for 2 wk. Nuclear proteins were isolated from control and treated cells and compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) electrophoresis. Qualitative and quantitative differences were observed. Metabolic labeling with tritiated leucine demonstrated qualitative variation between control and treated cells. <77> UI - 84116690 AU - Kudo T AU - Maeda S AU - Nakamae J AU - Chang HL AU - Uchida Y AU - Inoki R TI - A possible relationship between processing from precursor proteins to opioid peptides and noxious stimulation in the rat incisor pulp. SO - Life Sciences 1983;33 Suppl 1:681-4 AB - The content of met-enkephalin (met-EK)-like peptides in a crude extract from intact pulp of the rat markedly increased with tryptic digestion but not with carboxypeptidase B(CPase B) digestion, while the content of leu-enkephalin (leu-EK)-like peptides more markedly with CPase B- than with tryptic digestion. On the other hand, results by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) showed that the contents of both met-EK-Arg-Phe and leu-EK in cavity formed pulp increased 6 times as much as those contents in intact pulp, while the met-EK content in cavity formed pulp increased 2 times as much as that in intact pulp. Furthermore, results by gel filtration of crude extract from intact pulp showed that one peak of met-EK-like immunoreactivity (met-EK-IR) appeared at position of approximately 30,000 of molecular weight and a broad peak of leu-EK-IR appeared at position of approximately 60,000 of molecular weight following tryptic digestion. From these results, it was suggested that noxious stimuli might cause activation of trypsin-like enzymes followed by processing from one precursor protein to met-EK-like peptides as well as from another to leu-EK-like peptides in the rat incisor pulps. <78> UI - 84114209 AU - Garcia-Godoy FM TI - Familial caries distribution in human permanent teeth: buccal and lingual pits of first molars. SO - Journal of Pedodontics 1983 Summer;7(4):318-23 <79> UI - 84060176 AU - Kaster AG AU - Brown LR TI - Extracellular dextranase activity produced by human oral strains of the genus Bifidobacterium. SO - Infection & Immunity 1983 Nov;42(2):716-20 AB - Three strains of anaerobic, dextranase-producing, gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from human dental plaque associated with root carious lesions. The isolates produced a molar ratio of acetate to lactate from glucose fermentation ranging from 1.1 to 1.9. Each strain also produced fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase. The isolates were identified as belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium, but from their carbohydrate fermentation patterns they did not appear to be strains of Bifidobacterium dentium. These microorganisms fermented high-molecular-weight dextrans. A partial characterization of the dextranase activity was included in this study and revealed an extracellular dextranase with a pH optimum of 7.1. Analysis of the dextran degradation products demonstrated the liberation of saccharides larger than 1 glucose unit. It was concluded that this enzyme used an endohydrolytic mode of dextran cleavage. <80> UI - 84060152 AU - Larrimore S AU - Murchison H AU - Shiota T AU - Michalek SM AU - Curtiss R 3d TI - In vitro and in vivo complementation of Streptococcus mutans mutants defective in adherence. SO - Infection & Immunity 1983 Nov;42(2):558-66 AB - Previous studies have shown that adherence-defective mutants of Streptococcus mutans PS14, serotype c, can be grouped into several different phenotypic groups. In this study a method was developed to test for complementation between pairs of nonadhering mutants which possess different genotypic defects. Mutant strains UAB95 and a spectinomycin-resistant derivative of UAB95 (UAB516) were found to exhibit increased levels of adherence when grown together with UAB230 in media containing sucrose as compared to the adherence of each strain grown separately. An increase in caries was also observed in gnotobiotic rats mixedly infected with the two mutants as compared to either strain alone. Tests revealed that UAB95 produced more water-insoluble glucan than its parent strain but had a defect in glucan binding. UAB230 was found to produce levels of a defective glucan that could not be bound by mutant or wild-type cells. Our results suggest that UAB95 produces a water-insoluble glucan which is bound by UAB230, thus allowing complementation for adherence and caries production. <81> UI - 84035998 AU - Morris AD AU - Hopewell JW TI - Combined effects of radiation and methotrexate on the cells of the rat subependymal plate. SO - Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 1983 Oct;76(10):848-52 AB - The brains of 20-week-old rats were locally irradiated with single doses of X-rays (400-1400 cGy). A similar group of animals received an intraventricular injection of methotrexate (MTX) prior to irradiation with single doses of X-rays (600-1400 cGy). Animals were killed six weeks after irradiation. A group of unirradiated age-matched animals acted as controls. In irradiated animals, the most severe effect on the subependymal plate (SEP) of the brain was denoted by the fall in the mitotic count (MC) and the number of small dark (SD) nucleated cells. SD nucleated cells are believed to represent the proliferative compartment of the subependymal layer. Other cell types in the SEP, believed to arise from the SD nucleated population, were affected to a lesser degree. After combination treatment with MTX, the decline in the MC and the SD nuclear density was more severe. The data for the dose-related decline in SD nuclear density and the MC fitted equally well on log-linear and linear plots. From the log-linear plots of the data it was concluded that MTX was radiation dose modifying (DMF 1.25-1.44). However, on the basis of the linear plots the effect of radiation and MTX was apparently additive. While no firm conclusions could be drawn regarding the mechanism of action of MTX on the radiation response of SEP cells, the possible mechanisms are discussed. <82> UI - 84040871 AU - Levin LS AU - Leaf SH AU - Jelmini RJ AU - Rose JJ AU - Rosenbaum KN TI - Dentinogenesis imperfecta in the Brandywine isolate (DI type III): clinical, radiologic, and scanning electron microscopic studies of the dentition. SO - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1983 Sep;56(3):267-74 AB - Teeth of seven patients from the Brandywine isolate who had dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) type III were evaluated by clinical, radiologic, and scanning electron microscopic techniques. The deciduous and permanent teeth were opalescent, and there was marked attrition. Enamel pitting was present on some permanent teeth. Anterior open bites were found in all persons with complete permanent dentitions. Pulps of developing teeth were larger than normal during early development but rapidly became almost completely obliterated. There was increased constriction at the cementoenamel junctions. While radiolucencies were noted at the apices of teeth which had pulp exposures due to attrition, several patients had similar radiolucencies which could not be attributed to caries or attrition. Scanning electron microscopy showed a significant reduction in the number of dentin tubules on fractured dentin surfaces; calcospherites at the calcification front were either irregularly shaped or absent. A single tooth from a patient with DI type II was studied and had similar abnormalities on scanning electron microscopy, although tubules were easier to find and calcospherites at the calcification front were more regular than in DI type III. The findings in DI type III of enamel pitting, enlarged pulps early in tooth development, and radiolucencies at the apices of teeth without pulp exposures support the hypothesis that DI type II and DI type III are different disorders. <83> UI - 84033652 AU - Calomeni AA AU - Jordan JE TI - Multiple congenital defects: report of a case. SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1983 Sep;107(3):432-4 AB - An unusual case history is presented in which a 4-year-old Oriental boy, born with multiple congenital defects primarily affecting anatomic structures in the midline, was treated by an oral surgeon, restorative dentist, and others. The defects included cleft palate, two complete and separate tongues, missing and decayed teeth, and an aortic abnormality. Treatment procedures included restoring the teeth, uniting the two tongues, lip repair, and fabrication of an obturator to close the palatal defect. <84> UI - 84007211 AU - Voss C AU - Dimarchi R AU - Whitney DB AU - Tjoeng FS AU - Merrifield RB AU - Tam JP TI - Synthesis of the protected tridecapeptide (56-68) of the VH domain of mouse myeloma immunoglobulin M603 and its reattachment to resin supports. SO - International Journal of Peptide & Protein Research 1983 Aug;22(2):204-13 AB - A protected tridecapeptide, representing a new peptide corresponding to residues 56-68 of the VH domain in the mouse M603 myeloma protein, has been prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis. The protected tridecapeptide was prepared using the photolabile 4-bromomethyl-(3-nitro)-benzamidomethyl-resin and the multidetachable 2-[4-bromomethyl)phenylacetoxy]propionyl-resin as solid supports. The synthetic protocol and protecting groups were the same for both syntheses. The protected tridecapeptide was removed photolytically from both supports and the sequence integrity was determined by preview analysis using the solid phase Edman degradation procedure. The protected tridecapeptide-OMPA was purified to homogeneity by DMF/H2O precipitation and LH-60 chromatography. The purity of the protected peptide was further demonstrated by high pressure liquid chromatography on the free peptide after HF deprotection. The protected tridecapeptide was reattached to 4-bromomethyl-(3-nitro)-benzamidomethyl-resin to give the photolabile Boc-(protected)peptidyl-4-oxymethyl-(3-nitro)benzamidomethyl-resin in 25% yield. The protected tridecapeptide-oxymethylphenylacetic acid derivative was reattached to aminomethyl-resin to give Boc-(protected)peptidyl-2-[4-oxymethyl)phenyl]acetamidomethyl-resin in 45% yield and to 2-bromopropionyl-resin generating the multidetachable Boc-(protected)peptidyl-2-[(4-oxymethyl)phenylacetoxy] propionyl-resin in 80% yield. The reactivity of these reattached peptides was demonstrated by the quantitative coupling of Boc-leucine to the protected peptide-resin. The advantages and disadvantages of the different resins with respect to solid phase fragment synthesis are discussed. <85> UI - 84020141 AU - Gedda L AU - Brenci G TI - Twins living apart test: progress report. SO - Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae 1983;32(1):17-22 AB - A new approach is proposed in twin research based on the study of twins who, though reared together, have subsequently lived apart for a period of at least five years. With respect to the more powerful study of twins reared apart, the twins living apart test has the advantages of being more realistic and affording easier access to sufficiently large samples. In this pilot study, the test has been applied to a sample of 92 monozygotic pairs now aged 35-45; 15 pairs were still living together and 77 had lived apart for over five years. As a first approach, comparisons have been made, in the cotwins of the two subsamples, with respect to the following traits: height, weight, presbyopia, presbyacusia, alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), dental caries, and hours of sleep. <86> UI - 83280122 AU - Johnson VP AU - McMillin JM AU - Aceto T Jr AU - Bruins G TI - A newly recognized neuroectodermal syndrome of familial alopecia, anosmia, deafness, and hypogonadism. SO - American Journal of Medical Genetics 1983 Jul;15(3):497-506 AB - We describe a large, three generation kindred in which 16 individuals were affected with alopecia, hyposmia or anosmia, conductive deafness associated with protruding ears, microtia, and/or atresia of the external auditory canal, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to LH/FSH deficiency, and a greater than normal tendency to dental caries. Variable manifestations include mild facial asymmetry, mental retardation, congenital heart defect, and cleft palate. This seems to be a previously undescribed pleiotropic autosomal dominant trait with variable expressivity. The manifestations can be explained on the basis of involvement of the ectoderm and neuroectoderm of the first and second branchial arches, of Rathke's pouch, and of the diencephalon. <87> UI - 83264405 AU - Perry D AU - Wondrack LM AU - Kuramitsu HK TI - Genetic transformation of putative cariogenic properties in Streptococcus mutans. SO - Infection & Immunity 1983 Aug;41(2):722-7 AB - Rough colonial morphology and bacteriocin production, two properties which may be associated with the cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans, were transformed into several strain GS-5 mutants defective in each respective property. Transformation was determined by observing the frequency of cotransfer of these properties with different reference markers. The rough colonial transformants were identical to the parental GS-5 strain with respect to ability to synthesize water-insoluble glucans and undergo in vitro sucrose-dependent colonization of glass surfaces. Alterations in the growth medium and the concentration of the initial cell inoculum resulted in an approximate 10-fold increase in the frequency of transformation of strain GS-5 compared to previous observations. <88> UI - 83230376 AU - Kohler B AU - Bratthall D AU - Krasse B TI - Preventive measures in mothers influence the establishment of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans in their infants. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1983;28(3):225-31 AB - First-time mothers who had a high salivary number of Strep. mutan