Database: MEDLINE <: biomedical, nursing & dental literature, 1966 - Nov 2000.> Search Strategy (You Saved Citations 1-169 From Set 48): ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Dental cavity preparation/ 4902 2 ((dental or cavit$3) adj5 (design$3 or outline$1 or form$1 4896 or extension$1 or prepar:)).mp. 3 ((convention$2 or amalgam or silver or copper) adj3 4076 (prepar: or restor: or fill$3 or cavit$3)).mp. 4 ((conservative or ultraconservative or ultra-conservative) 457 adj5 (prepar: or restor: or fill$3 or cavit$3)).mp. 5 ((tunnel: or slot: or adhesive: or saucer:) adj5 (prepar: 1162 or restor: or fill$3 or cavit$3)).mp. 6 ((resin or composite$1) adj5 (prepar: or restor: or fill$3 4679 or cavit$3)).mp. 7 (air adj (abrasion: or abrad:) adj5 (prepar: or restor: or 26 fill$3 or cavit$3)).mp. 8 ((minimal or prevent:) adj5 (prepar: or restor: or fill$3 4331 or cavit$3)).mp. 9 (extension adj3 prevent:).mp. 298 10 Dental restoration, permanent/ 10620 11 or/1-10 27229 12 Dental restoration failure/ 810 13 (restoration$1 or filling$1 or implant$1 or bridge$1 or 133863 crown$1 or inlay$1 or denture$1).mp. 14 (survival$1 or failure$1 or longevity or durability or 554896 success: or survival).mp. 15 ((restoration$1 or filling$1 or implant$1 or bridge$1 or 5015 crown$1 or inlay$1 or denture$1) adj5 (survival$1 or failure$1 or longevity or durability or success: or survival)).mp. 16 Survival analysis/ 22680 17 Prosthesis failure/ 7542 18 exp treatment outcome/ 97272 19 co.fs. 842195 20 exp cohort studies/ 369269 21 prognosis/ 161611 22 exp mortality/ 111289 23 exp morbidity/ 106755 24 (natural adj history).ti,ab. 14680 25 prognos$.ti,ab. 128240 26 course.ti,ab. 193298 27 predict$.ti,ab. 237169 28 exp "Outcome assessment (health care)"/ 105414 29 outcome$1.ti,ab. 174575 30 (inception adj cohort$1).ti,ab. 381 31 disease progression/ 13155 32 exp survival analysis/ 28366 33 Recurrence/ 79560 34 ((recurr: or secondary) adj caries).mp. 476 35 or/12,15-34 1909643 36 exp Molar/ 12309 37 molar$1.mp. 33479 38 exp Tooth, deciduous/ 6000 39 Dentition, primary/ 371 40 Dentition, mixed/ 1068 41 ((primary or deciduous or mixed) adj5 (tooth or teeth or 5775 dent: or odont:)).mp. 42 "child"/ 749878 43 or/38-42 754409 44 (36 or 37) and 43 4285 45 11 and 35 and 44 190 46 limit 45 to english language 171 47 limit 46 to human 171 48 limit 47 to yr=1975-2000 169 49 from 48 keep 1-169 169 50 from 48 keep 1-169 169 *************************** <1> UI - 20383030 AU - el-Mowafy O IN - Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto. oel.mowafy@utoronto.ca TI - Management of extensive carious lesions in permanent molars of a child with nonmetallic bonded restorations--a case report. SO - Journal / Canadian Dental Association. Journal de l Association Dentaire Canadienne 2000 Jun;66(6):302-7 AB - The badly decayed molar teeth of a 12-year-old were restored using resin composite and ceramic restorations. The maxillary first left permanent molar, which had an extensive carious lesion that had destroyed most of the coronal hard tissues of the tooth, was restored to shape and function with a heat-treated resin composite onlay restoration. The restoration was followed up for two years. The mandibular right first molar had a failing large amalgam restoration with extensive recurrent caries. After a three-month period of pulp-capping, the tooth was restored with a bonded ceramic onlay restoration. A nine-month follow-up of this restoration is provided. The maxillary right first molar, which also had a failing large amalgam/resin composite restoration, was restored with a direct resin composite restoration. Under traditional treatment regimens, these extensive cavities would have been treated using more invasive procedures such as pin-retained restorations or elective root canal therapy, post placement, core build-up and crowning. Bonded non-metallic restorations avoid the trauma, time and cost that accompany such extensive procedures and offer a more conservative approach. <2> UI - 20346771 AU - Hashimoto M AU - Ohno H AU - Kaga M AU - Endo K AU - Sano H AU - Oguchi H IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hokkaido University, Japan. masanori-h@mue.biglobe.ne.jp TI - In vivo degradation of resin-dentin bonds in humans over 1 to 3 years. SO - Journal of Dental Research 2000 Jun;79(6):1385-91 AB - The longevity of resin restorations is currently an area of great interest in adhesive dentistry. However, no work has been conducted to investigate the durability of resin-dentin bond structures using human substrate in vivo. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degradation of the resin-dentin bond structures aged in an oral environment for 1, 2, or 3 years. Cavities were prepared in primary molars, and an adhesive resin system (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose) was applied to the cavity. After 1 to 3 years, following the eruption of the succedaneous permanent teeth, the resin-restored teeth were extracted. Immediately after extraction, those teeth were sectioned perpendicular to the adhesive interface and trimmed to produce an hourglass-shaped specimen. Then, a micro-tensile test was performed at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. The mean bond strengths were statistically compared with one-way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test (p < 0.05). Further, all fractured surfaces were observed by SEM, and the area fraction of failure mode was calculated by means of a digital analyzer on SEM photomicrographs. There were significant differences in tensile-bond strength among all 3 groups (p < 0.05), with mean values ranging from 28.3 +/- 11.3 MPa (control), to 15.2 +/- 4.4 MPa (1 to 2 years), to 9.1 +/- 5.1 MPa (2 to 3 years). Moreover, under fractographic analysis, the proportion of demineralized dentin at the fractured surface in specimens aged in an oral environment was greater than that in control specimens. Furthermore, degradation of resin composite and the depletion of collagen fibrils was observed among the specimens aged in an oral environment. Analysis of the results of this study indicated that the degradation of resin-dentin bond structures occurs after aging in the oral cavity. <3> UI - 20321761 AU - Luo Y AU - Wei SH AU - Fan MW AU - Lo EC IN - Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. TI - Clinical investigation of a high-strength glass ionomer restorative used with the ART technique in Wuhan, China: one-year results. SO - Chinese Journal of Dental Research 1999 Dec;2(3-4):73-8 AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new glass ionomer restorative, ChemFlex, and to compare its clinical performance and wear to another popular material, Fuji IX GP, when used with the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach in posterior teeth in school children. METHODS: Ninety-two subjects aged between 6 and 14 years who had bilateral matched pairs of carious posterior teeth were selected. A split-mouth experimental design was used in which the two restorative materials were randomly placed on contralateral sides. The restorations were assessed directly and also indirectly from color transparencies and die replicas. RESULTS: After one year, the success rates of ART restorations in the primary teeth were 96.6% for ChemFlex restorations and 89.7% for Fuji IX GP restorations placed in the Class I cavity preparations, whereas only 46.2% (ChemFlex) and 61.5% (Fuji IX GP) of Class II restorations were assessed as clinically satisfactory. In the permanent dentition, the success rates were 94.6% and 98.2% for ChemFlex and Fuji IX GP, respectively; however, there was no statistically significant difference between the two restoratives for either the permanent or primary teeth. The mean occlusal wear after one year in the permanent teeth was 53.2 microns for ChemFlex and 56.3 microns for Fuji IX GP. Again, there were no statistically significant differences in wear between the two materials (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The clinical performance of both ChemFlex and Fuji IX GP over a 12-month period was highly satisfactory and completely adequate for the ART technique, particularly in Class I cavities. <4> UI - 20316549 AU - Mickenautsch S AU - Rudolph MJ AU - Ogunbodede EO AU - Frencken JE IN - Department of Community Dentistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Braamfontein, South Africa. TI - The impact of the ART approach on the treatment profile in a mobile dental system (MDS) in South Africa. SO - International Dental Journal 1999 Jun;49(3):132-8 AB - The changing profile of oral care rendered through the Mobile Dental System (MDS), after the introduction of the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) approach is described. During the first year of introduction of ART, the percentages of amalgam restorations and tooth extractions decreased significantly (P < 0.0001). This is partly ascribed to a change in choice of treatment by dental operators in favour of ART and also due to an increase in acceptance by patients because of the reduced fear, and the patient-friendly nature of the ART approach. The reduction in amalgam restorations was 16.0 per cent for permanent and 1.4 per cent for primary posterior teeth. Extraction of posterior teeth was reduced by 17.4 per cent in the permanent and 35.7 per cent in the primary dentitions. The restorative component of oral care increased by 33.4 per cent in the permanent and 37.1 per cent in primary posterior teeth. The one-year survival of one-surface ART restorations using Fuji IX and KetacMolar was 93.6 per cent. Full and partial (more than 90 per cent) retention of the sealant part of the ART restoration was obtained in 75 per cent of the cases after one-year. During the one-year period, infection control was made more simple and this facilitated easier maintenance of mobile dental equipment. The introduction of the ART approach reduced extraction, restored more teeth and made oral care in the MDS more preventive, less threatening and thus more patient-friendly. <5> UI - 20291716 AU - Dennison JB AU - Straffon LH AU - Smith RC IN - Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA. TI - Effectiveness of sealant treatment over five years in an insured population. SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 2000 May;131(5):597-605 AB - BACKGROUND: The authors analyzed an insurance claim database to evaluate the use and effectiveness of placing sealants on first and second permanent molars of children in private dental practices. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted using an insured population with sealant coverage at 70 percent of the usual fee in a preferred provider organization than that limited reapplication to once every three years. Children were selected who were eligible for sealant benefits from July 1, 1990, to June 30, 1991. Two groups were selected for analysis, based on age, as determined by permanent molar eruption dates. Children who received sealants were compared with those who did not to determine post-sealant restorative outcomes after five years. RESULTS: During the full year of coverage, sealants were used in only 16.3 percent of first permanent molars and 11.6 percent of second permanent molars. The five-year incidence of an occlusal restoration having been placed was 13.7 percent and 20.8 percent, respectively, on nonsealed first and second molars and 6.5 percent and 10.4 percent, respectively, on sealed first and second molars. From years three to five, sealant placement provided only nominal additional preventive effect. CONCLUSIONS: In the population selected, both the incidence of occlusal caries and the use of sealants were lower than expected for both age groups. However, within these groups, molar occlusal surfaces were only half as likely to have been restored in sealed teeth than in nonsealed teeth after five years. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Based on the five-year data from a population with a low incidence of caries, the authors found that 15 sealed first permanent molars or 10 sealed second permanent molars prevented placement of one occlusal restoration. Therefore, sealants are more effective when placed in patients with risk factors for occlusal caries. <6> UI - 20200895 AU - Marks LA AU - van Amerongen WE AU - Borgmeijer PJ AU - Groen HJ AU - Martens LC IN - Department of Cariology, Endodontology, Pedodontology at Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), The Netherlands. TI - Ketac Molar Versus Dyract Class II restorations in primary molars: twelve month clinical results. SO - ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children 2000 Jan-Feb;67(1):37-41, 8-9 AB - The aim of the present clinical study was an in vivo evaluation of an improved conventional glass ionomer cement Ketac Molar (ESPE), compared to a polyacid modified composite resin, Dyract (Dentsply/De Trey), used in primary molars. Fifty-three Ketac Molar and fifty-two Dyract restorations were placed in box-only preparations in primary molars. The application time for the chemically cured Ketac Molar, was longer compared to the light-cured Dyract. In comparing the materials, no differences were found, comparing both materials regarding secondary caries, marginal adaptation, wear and fracture toughness. One case of recurrent caries adjacent to a Ketac Molar restoration and two cases in the Dyract group were reported. Two Ketac Molar restorations and one Dyract showed bulk fracture at the time of evaluation. At the twelve-month evaluation, no difference between the investigated materials was registered, which indicates that Ketac Molar can be used as a proximal restoration in the primary dentition. It should be emphasized, however, that one-year data should not be extrapolated to indicate the long-term success of restorations. <7> UI - 20228681 AU - Ribeiro CC AU - Baratieri LN AU - Perdigao J AU - Baratieri NM AU - Ritter AV IN - Department of Pedodontics, Federal University of Maranhao, School of Dentistry, Sao Luis, Brazil. TI - A clinical, radiographic, and scanning electron microscopic evaluation of adhesive restorations on carious dentin in primary teeth. SO - Quintessence International 1999 Sep;30(9):591-9 AB - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this project was to evaluate the performance of a dentin adhesive system on carious and noncarious primary dentin in vivo. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Forty-eight primary molars with carious lesions were randomly assigned to 2 different treatments: group 1 (control, n = 24)--All identifiable, irreversibly infected dentin was removed prior to the application of the bonding agent and restorative material; group 2 (experimental, n = 24)--Irreversibly infected dentin was partially removed prior to the application of the bonding agent and restorative material. The control and experimental teeth were clinically monitored every 3 months and evaluated 12 months after restoration. The teeth were extracted around the time of exfoliation and processed for scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Retention rate, marginal integrity, and pulpal symptoms were identical in both groups. Radiographically, the radiolucent area associated with the experimental restorations did not increase with time in 75% of the cases. For the control group, the adhesive system formed a hybrid layer. In the experimental group, there was morphologic evidence of the formation of an acid-resistant "altered hybrid layer." An acid-resistant tissue, resulting from the interdiffusion of adhesive resin within the area of carious dentin, was observed adjacent to and under the altered hybrid layer. CONCLUSION: Application of an adhesive restorative system to irreversibly infected dentin did not affect the clinical performance of the restoration. <8> UI - 20131620 AU - Kohler B AU - Rasmusson CG AU - Odman P IN - Undergraduate Clinic, Goteborg, Sweden. kohler@odontologi.gu.se TI - A five-year clinical evaluation of Class II composite resin restorations. SO - Journal of Dentistry 2000 Feb;28(2):111-6 AB - OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical efficacy of posterior composite resin restorations placed in general practice after five years. METHODS: Two commercial composite resin systems were used. Three general practitioners placed the restorations at a Public Dental Health Service Office. The patients were not selected specifically for this study. Class II cavities were restored with Superlux Molar and P-50 APC composite systems on an alternate basis. At baseline, 63 restorations were placed in molars and premolars in 45 patients. For primary caries, generally a conservative cavity design was used (n = 23), while replacements of amalgams resulted in the larger conventional Class II design (n = 40). The restorations were assessed using a modified USPHS criteria. Wear measurements were determined by the Leinfelder method. Photographs and bite-wing radiographs were taken to supplement the clinical evaluation of colour match, marginal adaptation and recurrent caries. Saliva sampling was performed to determine the rate of secretion and the level of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. RESULTS: At the five-year review 51 restorations were available for examination, of which nine restorations were rated clinically unacceptable. Including the failed restorations (n = 7), at the three-year review, a total of 16 restorations had failed (27.6%) over a five-year period. The most common reasons for failure were recurrent caries (n = 7) and marginal defects (n = 4). The mean wear of Superlux Molar was 167 microns and of P-50 APC 158 microns. Eight of the 11 patients with failed restorations due to caries and marginal defects had high counts of mutans streptococci at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The failures in the present group of patients did not specifically relate to material, tooth type or cavity design. However, it is suggested that patient factors such as caries activity should be monitored and managed. <9> UI - 99394255 AU - Deery C AU - Fyffe HE AU - Nuttall NM AU - Nugent ZJ AU - Pitts NB IN - Dundee Dental Hospital & School, University of Dundee. TI - The dental caries status of Scottish adolescents reported to be regular attenders. Initial results from a primary dental care based research network [see comments]. CM - Comment in: Br Dent J 1999 Oct 9;187(7):348 SO - British Dental Journal 1999 Jul 24;187(2):95-100 AB - AIM: To investigate the caries status of, and the delivery of care to, a group of regularly attending adolescent dental patients. To conduct research in primary dental care. A subsidiary aim was to compare the caries status of this sample to population samples. SETTING: General dental practices across Scotland. DESIGN: A 3-year cohort study. SUBJECTS: 41 volunteer general dental practitioners and 616 adolescent patients (mean age = 12.1 years at baseline) defined by the practitioners as 'regular' attenders. RESULTS: All practices remained in the study. 403 subjects were seen at both baseline and final examination and 329 were examined at all 4 annual examinations. The mean D3MFT (dentine caries threshold) was 1.8 at baseline and 3.9 at the final examination, three years later. Of the 541 subjects seen at baseline 62% had experienced either restored or unrestored dentinal caries. Thirty-four percent of all those examined at baseline had all the unrestored dentinal caries. The majority of the disease was to be found in the molar teeth, particularly the first permanent molars. The provision of sealants was relatively high with 85% of subjects having at least one sealed tooth by the final examination. Although disease levels were related to socio-economic status, the Care Index was not. CONCLUSIONS: The 'regularly attending' subjects had a better normative level of dental health than their peers in the Scottish population. However, wide variation was found. The project also demonstrated the feasibility of undertaking research in partnership with general dental practitioners. <10> UI - 20113835 AU - Bader JD AU - Shugars DA AU - White BA AU - Rindal DB IN - Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7590, USA. jim:bader@unc.edu TI - Development of effectiveness of care and use of services measures for dental care plans. SO - Journal of Public Health Dentistry 1999 Summer;59(3):142-9 AB - OBJECTIVES: Standardized measures to assess clinical aspects of the performance of managed dental care plans are not available. This project sought to develop and evaluate measures for effectiveness of care and use of services that could be calculated using a plan's administrative data. METHODS: Two panels of stake holders representing dental plans, purchasers, and dental providers participated in a modified Delphi process to refine initial sets of effectiveness of care and use of services measures modeled after HEDIS measures for medical care. The refined measures were then pilot tested in two dental health maintenance organizations. RESULTS: The development process resulted in specification of seven effectiveness of care measures assessing disease activity classification, and prevention and outcomes for caries, periodontal disease, and tooth loss. Six use of services measures focusing on prophylaxes, third molar surgery, preventive, restorative, prosthetic, surgical, and endodontic care also were specified. Pilot testing of the measures indicated reasonable reliability and sensitivity, but also demonstrated the need for supervision or auditing of the process. CONCLUSIONS: These standardized measures for dental care plan performance are available for immediate use. However, because the measures depend on diagnostic information (periodontal probing data and diagnoses associated with restorative treatments) in the administrative data set, their adoption will require changes in most plans' data systems and data collection policies. <11> UI - 20099336 AU - Fuks AB AU - Ram D AU - Eidelman E IN - Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. TI - Clinical performance of esthetic posterior crowns in primary molars: a pilot study. SO - Pediatric Dentistry 1999 Nov-Dec;21(7):445-8 AB - PURPOSE: The aim of this pilot study was to assess the clinical performance of esthetic crowns and to compare these to conventional stainless steel crowns (SSC). METHODS: Twenty two crowns (11 conventional and 11 esthetic) were placed in mandibular primary molars obeying the following criteria: the tooth was not mobile; no fistulae were present; the tooth had at least one caries free or properly restored antagonist and had to be in contact with one adjacent tooth mesially, in the case of the primary second molars or distally in the case of the primary first molars. Crown preparation was done in a conventional manner, but reduction was more extensive for the thicker esthetic crowns, to allow for proper occlusion. The crowns were evaluated clinically and radiographically after 6 months and the following parameters were assessed: gingival health, marginal extension, crown adequacy, proper position or occlusion, proximal contact, chipping of the facing (for esthetic crowns) and cement removal. RESULTS: At the 6 month evaluation all esthetic crowns were intact, without chipping of the facing, and no excess of cement was observed in both groups. No difference was found for marginal extension, occlusion, proximal contact, crown adequacy, and bone resorption, but a significant difference was found for periodontal health between esthetic crowns and conventional SSC (P < 0.001 McNemar test). CONCLUSIONS: The esthetic crowns assessed had several inconveniences, as they resulted in poor gingival health, are very expensive, and, although not measured, are bulky and without a natural appearance. <12> UI - 20006942 AU - Pyk N AU - Mejare I IN - Ektorp Public Dental Health Clinic and Eastman Dental Institute, Stockholm County Council, Sweden. TI - Tunnel restorations in general practice. Influence of some clinical variables on the success rate. SO - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 1999 Aug;57(4):195-200 AB - Using bitewing radiographs and clinical inspection, the success rate for tunnel restorations was assessed in a population with low caries activity. The material consisted of 242 tunnel restorations in permanent premolars and molars in 142 individuals (mean age = 18.8 years). The median DFSappr value (decayed and filled approximal surfaces) at the time of restoration was 4.0. The mean follow-up time was 25 months. Bivariate associations between the outcome variable (success/failure of the tunnel restoration) and conceivable explanatory variables were investigated. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the independent variables tooth type (premolars vs molars), surface site (mesial vs distal), radiographic stage of approximal carious progression and age of patient at the time of restoration (9-15 years vs > 15 years) were used to estimate the effect on the dependent variable success/failure. Using the life table method, the estimated cumulative proportion of successful restorations was 81% after 2 years and 64% after 3.5 years. The success rate was not related to caries activity and did not differ between the two types of tunnel preparation techniques nor between different follow-up periods. In the multivariate regression analysis, tooth type (molars vs premolars) was the only factor significantly associated with failure. Thus, a failure occurred about 5 times as often in molars as in premolars. Of the failures, half were due to caries; either radiographically observed adjacent to the restoration or progressing enamel caries on the outer proximal surface. Marginal ridge fractures constituted 26% of the failures. From the present results it can be concluded that in a population with low caries activity, the tunnel restoration technique can be recommended for premolars. <13> UI - 99391688 AU - Marks LA AU - Weerheijm KL AU - van Amerongen WE AU - Groen HJ AU - Martens LC IN - Cariology, Endodontology, Pedodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Luc.Marks@rug.ac.be TI - Dyract versus Tytin Class II restorations in primary molars: 36 months evaluation. SO - Caries Research 1999 Sep-Oct;33(5):387-92 AB - Due to the changed treatment approach of proximal caries and the amalgam controversy, clinicians are in search for new materials. The aim of the present study was to compare amalgam with an adhesive material in deciduous molars in a clinical, split-mouth design study. At baseline 30 polyacid modified composite (Dyract) and 30 amalgam (Tytin) restorations were placed in primary molars, of which 24 and 17 could be evaluated after 24 and 36 months, respectively. Modified USPHS criteria were used for clinical evaluation every 6 months. Annual bite-wing radiographs were taken for evaluation of recurrent caries and cervical gap formation. In the present study, for Dyract as well as for Tytin restorations, low rates of recurrent caries were found, while Dyract restorations showed a better marginal adaptation and surface texture compared to Tytin restorations. In the Dyract group more radiolucencies were found at baseline. In both groups no patient complaint or pain was reported related to the radiolucencies. After 3 years the colour of Dyract was not comparable to the original. For Dyract no excessive wear was noticed compared to enamel. During the study one Dyract (recurrent caries: 18 months) and two Tytin (pulpal aetiology: 6 months, recurrent caries: 36 months) restorations had to be replaced. Even though the restorations were placed in caries risk children, at the 36 months' evaluation of this clinical study, the results indicate that Dyract can be an alternative for Tytin in the primary dentition. <14> UI - 99360300 AU - Mass E AU - Gordon M AU - Fuks AB IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University. TI - Assessment of compomer proximal restorations in primary molars: a retrospective study in children. SO - ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children 1999 Mar-Apr;66(2):93-7, 84 AB - The aim of the present retrospective study was to observe the clinical and radiographic performances of a compomer (Dyract) in proximal restorations of primary molars as compared to amalgam restorations. The study was performed at the principal investigator's office. Children between three to eleven years old, who had at least two primary molars with a small to moderate approximal caries lesion were included in the study. The assessed material consisted of 107 proximal restorations (63 Dyract and 44 amalgam) placed in primary molars during the years 1994 to 1997 in forty-two children who were available for follow-up examinations. All the evaluated restorations were clinically acceptable, with smooth surface appearance, satisfactory color match, neither secondary caries nor fracture. The margins of two Dyract restorations presented minimal stain. Of the 63 Dyract restorations evaluated radiographically, two presented with bubbles, one with an overhang, and nine had pooling at the tooth-restoration interface. Minimal overhangs were disclosed in six amalgam restorations, and neither bubbles nor defects were seen at the tooth-restoration interface. These differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Based on the clinical performance of the material and on the radiographic findings, the authors conclude that Dyract can be a suitable alternative for restoring primary teeth that need to be retained up to two years. More extensive follow-up is needed to assess longer-term performance. <15> UI - 99288472 AU - Marks LA AU - van Amerongen WE AU - Kreulen CM AU - Weerheijm KL AU - Martens LC IN - Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Pedodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), The Netherlands. TI - Conservative interproximal box-only polyacid modified composite restorations in primary molars, twelve-month clinical results. SO - ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children 1999 Jan-Feb;66(1):23-9, 12 AB - The treatment of proximal caries has changed during the last decade. The present study evaluates a recently developed material, applied in box-only preparations in primary molars. At the twelve-month evaluation of this clinical study, it became obvious that Dyract can be an alternative for Tytin in the primary dentition, though there is some change in color of the Dyract material. In time, the marginal adaptation of Dyract seems to improve. The preparation time for both materials is comparable. The total treatment time of box-only Dyract restorations (including an occlusal sealant), however, is longer compared to conventional class II Tytin restorations. Although in both groups radiolucencies were found at the baseline radiograph evaluation, no sign was found of secondary caries. One recurrent caries lesion was found adjacent to a Dyract restoration. It should be emphasized that one-year data do not indicate the longterm success of restorations. <16> UI - 99327609 AU - Espelid I AU - Tveit AB AU - Tornes KH AU - Alvheim H IN - Department of Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway. ivar.espelid@odont.uib.no TI - Clinical behaviour of glass ionomer restorations in primary teeth. SO - Journal of Dentistry 1999 Aug;27(6):437-42 AB - OBJECTIVE: To compare a silver-reinforced glass ionomer material (cermet) with a resin-modified glass ionomer in minimal Class II preparations in primary teeth. METHODS: Matched pairs of primary molars with approximal caries that required operative treatment were used. Each cavity was filled with either Vitremer or Ketac-Silver. The restorations were followed for at least 36 months and examined annually using bitewing radiographs and clinical inspections. Impressions were taken at each recall and models were examined microscopically. RESULTS: After 36 months, one of the resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) restorations and 13 (26.5%) of the silver cermet restorations had failed. The RMGI failed because of secondary caries, while most of the failures of the silver cermet fillings were marginal defects alone or in combination with secondary caries. The median survival time (MST) for the silver cermet restorations was 37 months. The RMGI restorations had a MST exceeding 42 months, but MST could not be calculated exactly because of the low failure rate during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The resin-modified glass ionomer had the overall best performance of the two materials under comparison. The silver cermet material cannot be recommended for Class II restorations in primary teeth. <17> UI - 99299138 AU - Folkesson UH AU - Andersson-Wenckert IE AU - van Dijken JW IN - Department of General Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Umea University, Sweden. TI - Resin-modified glass ionomer cement restorations in primary molars. SO - Swedish Dental Journal 1999;23(1):1-9 AB - The aim of this multicenter study was to evaluate the 3-year performance of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement in primary molars. A total of 174 class II restorations were placed in 85 children by 6 dentists. The restorations were evaluated during a 3-year period using slightly modified USPHS criteria (van Dijken 1986). Of the 174 restorations 161 were evaluated after 1 year, 121 after 2 years and 68 after 3 years. A total of 81, restorations exfoliated or was extracted during the study. The cumulative failure rate after 1, 2 and 3 year was 8.1%, 11.7% and 19.8% respectively. The main reasons for failure were secondary caries and loss of retention. <18> UI - 99213086 AU - Eidelman E IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hebrew University, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel. TI - Composite resin support of undermined enamel in amalgam restorations. SO - Pediatric Dentistry 1999 Mar-Apr;21(2):118-20 AB - PURPOSE: Previous reports suggested that cusp fracture strength increases with the use of bonded composites. The purpose of this study was to assess fracture resistance of undermined cusps, when supported by a layer of bonded composite, in extensive occlusal carious lesions. METHODS: Primary and permanent molars in children that were treated included those with extensive occlusal caries with undermined enamel in one or more cavity walls. Following local anesthesia and rubber dam application, cavity outline was prepared with a :330 tungsten bur, and the carious lesion removed. If an unsupported cusp was present, the inner enamel wall and the dentine floor adjacent to this wall was etched with a gel containing 37% phosphoric acid, rinsed and dried and Scotch bond multipurpose applied; a 1-mm layer of Z100 was applied to the unsupported cusp and polymerized; a nongamma 2 amalgam or Z100 was used to restore the tooth. RESULTS: The children were re-examined after 6, 12 or 24 months. A total of 42 restorations were placed in 39 children (26 boys and 13 girls), ranging in age from 4 to 16 years (mean age 9 years, 6 months). This is a preliminary report on 30 restorations, followed up from 6 to 24 months. All 30 restorations were successful in preventing cuspal fracture. Four teeth developed caries in the proximal surface, but were unrelated to the restoration. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that bonded composite can prevent fracture of unsupported cusps. <19> UI - 99459774 AU - Petersen PE AU - Torres AM IN - University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department for Community Dentistry, Denmark. TI - Preventive oral health care and health promotion provided for children and adolescents by the Municipal Dental Health Service in Denmark. SO - International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 1999 Jun;9(2):81-91 AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe the current organization of health promoting and preventive activities within the Danish Municipal Dental Health Service and to assess how the service has chosen to comply with the directives as formulated by the National Board of Health. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of the municipal dental health services was carried out on a national scale. Postal questionnaires were used to collect information on active and passive preventive care activities and community-orientated health promotion. SETTING: The survey was conducted to aid the reorientation and adjustment of the Municipal Dental Health Services in Denmark. SUBJECTS: All municipal dental health services in Denmark were considered relevant for the survey and 141 services (71%) responded to the questionnaire. OUTCOME MEASURES: Quantitative methods were used to measure recall-intervals for children and adolescents, passive and active prevention, identification of and care for individuals at risk, and health education. Qualitative methods were applied to record the organization of community health activities. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The majority of dental services stated that preschool children are called at regular intervals (every 3, 6 or 8 months); school-children and adolescents are most often recalled according to individual needs. Chairside assistants, dentists or dental hygienists give oral hygiene instructions systematically to children of grades 0 through to 3. Fluoride is frequently administered through topical application by dentists; fluoride tables are not used. Permanent molars are sealed when this is indicated. Clinical and socio-behavioural criteria are used to identify children at risk. Half of the services reported school-based health education, and in one-quarter of the municipalities community health activities took place. Adjustment of the services should consider population-directed activities and greater use of ancillary personnel. <20> UI - 20037167 AU - Donly KJ AU - Segura A AU - Kanellis M AU - Erickson RL IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78284-7888, USA. TI - Clinical performance and caries inhibition of resin-modified glass ionomer cement and amalgam restorations. SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1999 Oct;130(10):1459-66 AB - BACKGROUND: The authors clinically examined two restorative materials to evaluate their effectiveness in Class II restorations in primary molars and their ability to inhibit recurrent caries. METHODS: Forty subjects, each in need of two Class II restorations in primary molars, took part in this study. Each patient received one Class II restoration of resin-modified glass ionomer cement and one of amalgam. The authors evaluated the restorations at six-month, one-year, two-year and three-year recall appointments. On exfoliation, teeth with experimental restorations were retrieved and microscopically examined for inhibition of demineralization at restoration margins. RESULTS: The results of the clinical evaluation demonstrated no significant differences between the resin-modified glass ionomer cement restorations and the amalgam restorations (P < .05). Polarized light microscopic examination of the returned teeth that were restored as a part of this study indicated that the resin-modified glass ionomer cement had significantly less enamel demineralization at restoration margins than did amalgam (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The resin-modified glass ionomer cement functioned clinically as well as amalgam for Class II restorations in primary molars. However, the resin-modified glass ionomer exhibited significantly less enamel demineralization at restoration margins than did amalgam. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Resin-modified glass ionomer cement restorative material functions well for Class II restorations in primary molars and exhibits less recurrent caries at restoration margins than does amalgam. <21> UI - 99103303 AU - Gilmour AS AU - Edmunds DH IN - Department of Adult Dental Health, University of Wales College of Medicine, Health Park, Cardiff, UK. Gilmour@cf.ac.uk TI - The polarized light microscopic appearance of caries-like lesions adjacent to restored cavities in the crowns and roots of extracted human teeth. SO - Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 1998 Dec;25(12):929-39 AB - Longitudinal clinical studies indicate consistently that secondary caries is the major cause of failure of restorations. Recently there has been an increase in the number of fluoride-containing materials coming to the market place and this has renewed the debate about the cariostatic effectiveness of such materials. The present study examined the histologic appearance of caries-like lesions adjacent to a non-fluoride-containing material (amalgam), a low fluoride-containing material (composite) and a moderate fluoride-containing material (glass-ionomer). The artificial caries system used to produce lesions has been previously reported and is a microbial system using Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10832. The lesions produced were similar to naturally occurring lesions in many respects, indicating the usefulness of this in vitro technique. Variations in the appearance of lesions were found adjacent to the different materials and the effect of the fluoride contained within two of the materials is discussed. <22> UI - 99085625 AU - Pettiette MT AU - Wright JT AU - Trope M IN - Department of Endodontics, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill 27599, USA. TI - Dentinogenesis imperfecta: endodontic implications. Case report. SO - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, & Endodontics 1998 Dec;86(6):733-7 AB - Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary disorder resulting in defective dentin in both the primary and secondary dentitions. The complications of dentinogenesis imperfecta are difficult to manage and provide a challenge to the dentist. This case report concerns treating an African American patient with dentinogenesis imperfecta who appeared for treatment with endodontic pathosis. It illustrates the need for appropriate and timely restorative treatment to prevent pulpal pathosis. Also demonstrated is the difficulty of endodontically treating dentinogenesis imperfecta teeth because of pulpal obliteration and abnormal dentin mineralization. Early and correct diagnosis of dentinogenesis imperfecta is imperative to enable appropriate preventive interventions and optimal dental treatment. Although pulpal pathosis is rarely reported with dentinogenesis imperfecta, endodontic treatment is occasionally necessary and has a guarded prognosis if initiated after pulp canal obliteration has occurred. <23> UI - 99067542 AU - Holst A AU - Brannstrom M IN - Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden. TI - Restoration of small proximal dentin lesions with the tunnel technique. A 3-year clinical study performed in Public Dental Service clinics. SO - Swedish Dental Journal 1998;22(4):143-8 AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the 3-year performance of tunnel restorations in Public Dental Service clinics in the county of Blekinge, Sweden. The restorations were made at the indication of a radiographically observed small proximal caries lesion extending into the outer part of dentin in permanent premolars and molars. A total of 302 restorations made by 17 dentists were evaluated 1 yr, 2 yrs and 3 yrs after placement using modified USPHS criteria. The preparations were filled with a cermet glass polyalkenoate cement (Ketac Silver, ESPE Gmbh, Germany). Evaluation was carried out by clinical and radiographical means. The percentage of successful and acceptable restorations was 92.7% after 1 yr, 89.5% after 2 yrs and 84.3% after 3 yrs. Eight % of the restorations failed due to caries, 6% fractured and 1% were replaced due to deep margin discoloration. The results indicate that tunnel restoration is a useful technique in small proximal dentin lesions in permanent premolars and molars. <24> UI - 99067543 AU - Wendt LK AU - Koch G AU - Birkhed D IN - Department of Preventive Dental Care, Jonkoping County, Sweden. TI - Replacements of restorations in the primary and young permanent dentition. SO - Swedish Dental Journal 1998;22(4):149-55 AB - The present study focused on the type of restorative material used and the reasons for replacements of restorations in the primary and the young permanent dentition. All patients with restorations and who were 8 and 19 years of age in 1995 and were regularly treated at 11 Public Dental Health clinics in Jonkoping County, Sweden, participated in the study. Data were extracted from the records for all types of restorations in canines and molars for the preceeding of 5 years for the 8-year-olds (i.e. from 3 to 8 years of age; n = 546) and for approximal restorations in premolars and molars for the preceeding 13 years for the 19-year-olds (i.e. from 6 to 19 years of age; n = 606). In all, 6012 restorations were evaluated. The two most common restorative materials used in the primary dentition were compomer and glass ionomer cement and in the young permanent dentition composite and amalgam. In the primary dentition, 29% of the restorations had been replaced and 4% of the teeth with restorations had been extracted. Thus, 33% of the restorations in the primary dentition failed. The corresponding figure for the young permanent dentition was 13%. The most common reason for replacements in the permanent dentition was secondary caries. That restorations often fail because of caries and that the development of secondary caries is not prevented by replacement of an old restoration indicate that more attention should be paid to preventive dental care for patients with restorations in the primary as well as in the young permanent dentition. <25> UI - 99126872 AU - Attin T AU - Opatowski A AU - Meyer C AU - Zingg-Meyer B AU - Hellwig E IN - Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, Germany. attin@zmk2.ukl.uni-freiburg.de TI - Clinical evaluation of a hybrid composite and a polyacid-modified composite resin in Class-II restorations in deciduous molars. SO - Clinical Oral Investigations 1998 Sep;2(3):115-9 AB - The aim of this prospective study, conducted in a dental practice was to evaluate the success rate of a hybrid composite material (TPH-Spectrum; Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) and a polyacid-modified composite resin (Compoglass; Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) in Class II restorations in primary molars after 1 year. A total of 190 restorations (96 with TPH-Spectrum and 94 with Compoglass) were inserted in 52 children. TPH-Spectrum was applied using the total etching technique, whereas Compoglass was inserted without acid etching prior to application of the bonding adhesive. The restorations were assessed according to the Ryge criteria, directly after placement and after 1 year. After 12 months, 6.4% of the Compoglass and 3.1% of the TPH-Spectrum restorations were clinically unacceptable and had to be renewed. The fillings with Compoglass revealed a tendency to lower evaluation scores with respect to color matching, cavosurface discoloration, anatomic form, margin integrity and caries assessment than the restorations with TPH-Spectrum. However, these differences were statistically not significant. The results of the present investigation show that, at least for a period of 1 year, both the hybrid composite TPH-Spectrum and the polyacid-modified composite resin Compoglass are suitable materials for restoration of deciduous molars. However, owing to the fewer treatment steps required for application of a polyacid-modified composite resin, this type of material may be more favorable for restoring primary molars. <26> UI - 99020277 AU - Minah GE AU - Vandre RH AU - Talaksi R IN - Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biological Sciences (OCBS), University of Maryland Dental School, USA. TI - Subtraction radiography of dentinal caries-like lesions induced in vitro by cariogenic bacteria. SO - Pediatric Dentistry 1998 Sep-Oct;20(5):345-9 AB - PURPOSE: The objective of this project was to develop an in vitro model system for investigations of dentinal caries. METHODS: Five extracted primary molar teeth with circular cavity preparations to the depth of the dentinoenamel junction were mounted individually in cold-cure acrylic bases constructed to fit a positioning jig in a Schick-Technologies digital radiographic imaging apparatus. The mounted teeth (MT) were incubated with pure cultures of Streptococcus mutans for 7 days and Lactobacillus casei for 38 days. At baseline and on day 23 and 45, four digital radiographs of each MT were made. Subtraction radiography was performed and analyzed using custom interactive software. RESULTS: Lesions progressed roughly halfway through the dentin in all teeth at 23 days and approximated the pulp chambers at 45 days of incubation. Images resulting from subtraction procedures clearly revealed incremental caries progression which could be quantitated. CONCLUSION: The model may be useful for screening cariostatic dental materials or treatments and investigating microbial mechanisms in dentinal caries. <27> UI - 99020276 AU - Gale TJ AU - Hanes CM AU - Myers DR AU - Russell CM IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, USA. TI - Performance of sealants applied to first permanent molars in a dental school setting. SO - Pediatric Dentistry 1998 Sep-Oct;20(5):341-4 AB - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of sealants placed by senior dental students as part of a comprehensive dental care program that included periodic patient recall. METHODS: The dental records of 100 patients ranging in age from 6 to 13 years were selected for review to determine the treatments provided for first permanent molars over time. Criteria for inclusion were: 1) at least five documented recall examinations and 2) all four first permanent molars had to have been treated with an occlusal pit and fissure sealant. The data collected included: 1) the age of the patient at the time of initial sealant placement; 2) the subsequent treatment provided to the first permanent molars, including retreatment with sealant or restoration and the date the services were provided; 3) the last date of follow-up examination in the pediatric dental program. RESULTS: A total of 400 molars were followed for an average of 54 months. Fifty-two percent of all molars received no further treatment after initial placement of sealant. Approximately 35% received retreatment with sealant only. The total number of molars receiving sealant material only was 343 (86%). The total number of teeth that were judged to require restoration was 57 (14%). No relationship was noted between the patient's age at placement of the occlusal sealant and sealant performance. CONCLUSION: In a dental school clinic, occlusal sealants were effective at preventing caries in a comprehensive care program that included periodic recall. <28> UI - 99040412 AU - Roeters JJ AU - Frankenmolen F AU - Burgersdijk RC AU - Peters TC IN - Department of Cariology and Endodontology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands. TI - Clinical evaluation of Dyract in primary molars: 3-year results. SO - American Journal of Dentistry 1998 Jun;11(3):143-8 AB - PURPOSE: To evaluate the 3-year clinical performance of Dyract in primary molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 55 children (aged 4-9 years) 91 restorations were placed and 76 were available for evaluation after 2 years. After 3 years, 40 teeth were exfoliated leaving 37 restorations for evaluation. RESULTS: During the entire study, four restorations failed and had to be replaced. One restoration fractured after 6 months and another after 1 year. Two other restorations were completely lost between the second and third year's evaluation. Furthermore, three restorations showed minimal recurrent caries, which did not need additional treatment. Wear of the restorations was considerable. However, this was also true for the point of reference for the wear measurement on the primary molars. The excellent handling characteristics and the low failure rate during the 3-year study suggest that this compomer is a reliable restorative material in primary molars. <29> UI - 98310338 AU - Larson M AU - Hellquist R AU - Jakobsson OP IN - Eastman Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. TI - Dental abnormalities and ectopic eruption in patients with isolated cleft palate. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery & Hand Surgery 1998 Jun;32(2):203-12 AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cleft size and surgical treatment on the development of permanent teeth in patients with isolated cleft palate. The series comprised 109 children with isolated cleft palate, 70 girls and 39 boys, including 14 patients with Robin sequence. The patients were grouped according to the sagittal extent of the palatal cleft, measured on dental casts obtained before the primary palate surgery. Forty-six children were treated by one-stage palatoplasty, and 63 in two stages. The dentition was studied on orthopantomograms taken at 5, 8, 11, and 14 years of age. Congenitally missing permanent teeth (third molars excluded) were found in 33 subjects (30%). Children with large clefts had significantly more missing teeth than children with small clefts. The tooth most usually missing was the mandibular second premolar, followed by the maxillary lateral incisor, and the upper second premolar. The incidence of dental malformation was 23%, mostly mild forms. Ectopic eruption of the upper first permanent molars was seen in 23 (45%) of the subjects with large clefts, and in 18 (31%) of those with small clefts. The surgical method did not significantly affect the direction of the eruption. There is a correlation between cleft size and hypodontia, dental deformity, and ectopic eruption. Children with Robin sequence had almost the same incidence of hypodontia, malformed teeth, and ectopic eruption as children with large clefts. There was no correlation between surgical method and ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molars. <30> UI - 98364585 AU - Fennis-Ie YL AU - Verdonschot EH AU - van't Hof MA IN - Department of Cariology and Endodontology/117, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Y.Fennis-Ie@dent.kun.nl TI - Performance of some diagnostic systems in the prediction of occlusal caries in permanent molars in 6- and 11-year-old children. SO - Journal of Dentistry 1998 Jul-Aug;26(5-6):403-8 AB - OBJECTIVES: Attempts have been made to develop diagnostic methods which enable an early diagnosis of occlusal lesions which are not detectable by visual inspection. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of visual inspection focused on finding signs of fissure decalcification and discoloration, visual inspection upon fibre-optic transillumination (FOTI), and electrical conductance measurements (ECMs) in predicting the onset of occlusal caries in 6- and 11-year-old children. METHODS: Fifty children aged 5-7 and 11-15 years, having first or second permanent molar teeth that were not exposed to the oral environment for more than half a year, participated in the study. Following baseline data recording, the diagnostic measurements were repeated six times at 6-month intervals over a period of 2.5 years. RESULTS: Data were collected at predefined sites in the fissures. During the study, 220 of the 652 sites, i.e. 75 of 197 molars in 31 of the 50 children were judged to require a sealant or a sealant restoration. Two examiners jointly decided on the decay status at the sites. Survival plots showed that ECMs were superior to FOTI and fissure discoloration in predicting the onset of occlusal caries, although the differences were small. CONCLUSION: ECM is a better predictor of occlusal caries than fissure discoloration and FOTI, although the differences among the performance of the three methods in this study were very small. A cost-effective analysis is envisaged to obtain insight into the practical value of ECMs in the prediction of occlusal caries and, thus, into the effectiveness of sealant application. <31> UI - 98310355 AU - Hasselrot L IN - Public Dental Service, Visby, Sweden. TI - Tunnel restorations in permanent teeth. A 7 year follow up study. SO - Swedish Dental Journal 1998;22(1-2):1-7 AB - The aim of the study was to perform a long-time evaluation of tunnel restorations made in a general dental practice concerning survival time and type of failures. 267 Class I (87%) and II (13%) tunnel restorations in permanent teeth on 193 patients--mostly teenagers and young adults--were evaluated at annual recalls. The observation time-span was 1-7 years. The restoration material was a conventional glass ionomer cement in Class I tunnels and a silver cermet glass ionomer cement in Class II tunnels. The yearly failure rate was 7% and the 50% survival time was 6 years. The reasons for replacement were: marginal ridge fracture (41%), recurrent caries (40%) and cavitation in approximal enamel (19%). No differences in failure rate between Class I and II tunnels could be seen, but recurrent caries was more frequent in Class I tunnels. Restorations made during the second year of the study were more successful, indicating a learning effect. Class I tunnel restorations in general practice can be an alternative to conventional Class II restorations with narrow indications, i.e. patients with relatively low caries activity, small approximal lesions in combination with small demineralization zones in the enamel wall. <32> UI - 98332257 AU - Alvarez-Arenal A AU - Alvarez-Riesgo JA AU - Pena-Lopez JM AU - Fernandez-Vazquez JP IN - Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Oviedo, Spain. arenal@sci.cpd.uniovi.es TI - DMFT, dmft and treatment requirements of schoolchildren in Asturias, Spain. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1998 Jun;26(3):166-9 AB - An epidemiological survey was carried out in 1992 to study the dental health status of schoolchildren aged 6, 9 and 12 in Asturias, Spain. It focused on the caries prevalence, dmtf, DMFT, restoration indices and dental treatment needs of this population. A representative sample of 1839 subjects, randomly selected and proportionally assigned by age group (6, 9 and 12) with the classroom as the sample unit, was examined. Analysis of the data showed that in 6-year-old children the caries prevalence in primary teeth was 45.8%. The mean caries indices were 2.10 dmft and 0.25 DMFT. At 9 years old the prevalence of caries in primary teeth was 62.8% and in the permanent teeth 49.1%. The mean level of caries was 2.38 dmft and 1.50 DMFT. At 12 years old the caries prevalence in permanent teeth was 71% and in first molars 64.2%. The mean caries experienced was 3.30 DMFT. In all groups the D-component constituted the major part of the caries index. The results for girls were higher than for boys in almost all age groups. Surface fillings were the treatment most required in all age groups. <33> UI - 98347479 AU - Gulati AK AU - Welbury RR IN - Department of Child Dental Health, Dental Hospital and School, Newcastle upon Tyne. TI - The use of resin-bonded porcelain crowns for primary molars in infra-occlusion. SO - British Dental Journal 1998 Jun 27;184(12):588-91 AB - Infra-occluded primary molars without permanent successors may require restorative treatment to maintain occlusal stability and periodontal health in addition to creating an aesthetic result. This paper describes the use of two resin-bonded porcelain crowns to provide a simple, minimally invasive technique using a material with good wear resistance and high strength to create an aesthetic and functional occlusion. <34> UI - 98345862 AU - Gray GB AU - Paterson RC IN - Department of Restorative Dentistry, Bristol Dental School. TI - Management of fissure caries in the community dental services using sealant restorations: a field trial. SO - European Journal of Prosthodontics & Restorative Dentistry 1998 Mar;6(1):33-40 AB - Field trial data two years after the placement of 278 composite or laminate (sandwich) composite sealant restorations by 14 Community Dental Officers, in patients ranging in age from 6 to 16 years, in the West of Scotland, is reported. No restorations were lost and in 76% of the restored teeth, fissure sealant was partly retained. The most common sites of loss of sealant were from the buccal fissures of mandibular molars and from the surface of the restoration. Only 5% of the treated teeth showed complete loss of fissure sealant and the authors considered that after 2 years, 90% of restorations were adequate or only required the simple addition of further fissure sealant. <35> UI - 98219235 AU - Mallow PK AU - Durward CS AU - Klaipo M IN - World Concern, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. TI - Restoration of permanent teeth in young rural children in Cambodia using the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) technique and Fuji II glass ionomer cement. SO - International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 1998 Mar;8(1):35-40 AB - Several recent studies have demonstrated the success of the ART (atraumatic restorative treatment) technique under field conditions in developing countries. The ART technique involves removal of caries using only hand instruments, and placing a glass ionomer cement (GIC) restoration. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the longevity of Fuji II GIC ART restorations placed in permanent teeth by dental nurse students under field conditions in rural Cambodia. DESIGN: Clinical field trial. SETTING: One high school in rural Cambodia. SAMPLE AND METHODS: 53 subjects between the ages of 12 and 17 who had dental caries were selected to participate. Subjects were randomly assigned to a dental nurse student for cavity preparation and placement of ART restorations (without cavity conditioning). RESULTS: 92.1% of the carious lesions required class I or class V restorations, and 85.4% were in the lower molars. 89 teeth were filled. At 1 and 3 years 86.4% and 79.5% of restorations were still present. Restorations were assessed by one dentist according to standard criteria. 76.3% of the restorations were judged to be successful at 1 year, and 57.9% at 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Factors which may have affected the success rates included: the material used, technical factors, failure to condition the cavity prior to restoration, and inexperience of the operators. The results suggest that ART restorations in permanent teeth using Fuji II GIC are only moderately successful after 3 years. Better results could be expected by using a dentine conditioner in conjunction with one of the newer stronger glass ionomer cements. <36> UI - 98237092 AU - Machiulskiene V AU - Nyvad B AU - Baelum V IN - Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Faculty of Stomatology, Kaunas Medical Academy, Lithuania. vita@kma.lt TI - Prevalence and severity of dental caries in 12-year-old children in Kaunas, Lithuania 1995. SO - Caries Research 1998;32(3):175-80 AB - In order to evaluate suitable strategies for control of dental caries, a longitudinal study of caries progression has been initiated among 12-year-old children in Kaunas, Lithuania. The aim of the present paper was to describe the baseline caries situation in a sample of 12-year-olds, who had been examined using caries diagnostic criteria which differentiate between active and inactive caries lesions at both the cavitated and non-cavitated levels. The mean fluoride concentration in the drinking waters of Kaunas is 0.16 mg/l. A total of 889 children in the 6th grade from seven selected schools were examined. Each tooth surface of all permanent teeth was classified according to one of the following criteria: 0 = sound; 1 = active, surface intact; 2 = active, surface discontinuity; 3 = active, cavity; 4 = inactive, surface intact; 5 = inactive, surface discontinuity; 6 = inactive, cavity; 7 = filled; 8 = filled with inactive lesion; 9 = filled with active lesion; X = extracted. Distinction between active and inactive lesions was made on the basis of a combination of visual and tactile criteria. Virtually all children (99.7%) had experienced at least 1 DMF surface. The mean DMFS was 15.8. Half of the mean caries experience consisted of surfaces with active lesions (7.9), of which two thirds (4.9) were non-cavitated. The mean number of surfaces with non-cavitated inactive lesions was 4.4. The mean DMFT constituted 7.9; 95% of all first molars were affected, followed by the second molars (61%). A comparison of the caries profile according to the present caries diagnostic criteria with those recommended by WHO revealed that the WHO criteria yielded much lower DMFS and DMFT values, because this scoring system does not include non-cavitated caries lesions. The high level of non-cavitated active caries lesions suggests that in this population caries may to a large extent be controlled by simple preventive measures including use of topical fluorides. <37> UI - 98267869 AU - Whittle KW AU - Whittle JG IN - Salford Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Dental Department, Lance Burn Health Centre, Salford. TI - Dental caries in 12-year-old children and the effectiveness of dental services in Salford, UK in 1960, 1988 and 1997 [see comments]. CM - Comment in: Br Dent J 1998 Apr 25;184(8):387 SO - British Dental Journal 1998 Apr 25;184(8):394-6 AB - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dental health of 12-year-old children and the effectiveness of dental services in 1997 and compare the results with studies carried out in 1960 and 1988. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: Analytical survey using a one in five random sample of children in all seven secondary schools in Salford UK. Standard clinical criteria were used. SETTING: Clinical examinations were carried out in school. PARTICIPANTS: 65 boys and 49 girls were examined. OUTCOME MEASURES: Caries experience expressed as DMFT, Restorative Index and Care Index. RESULTS: The boys and girls both had a mean DMFT of 1.65. (95% confidence intervals were 1.18-2.12 for the boys and 1.16-2.14 for the girls.) This compared with means of 2.34 (1.85-2.83) for boys and 3.40 (2.63-4.17) for girls in 1988, and 6.04 (5.65-6.43) and 6.54 (6.09-7.00), respectively in 1960. The prevalence of caries fell least in first permanent molar teeth. The Care Index for the boys was 22.0 in 1960, 51.4 in 1988 and 31.5 in 1997. The pattern was similar for the girls for whom the values were 19.5, 48.6 and 32.2 respectively. The boys' Restorative Index scores (modified to include fissure sealants) were 25.7 in 1960, 58.5 in 1988 and 57.1 in 1997. The girls' scores were 23.9, 53.7 and 58.0. CONCLUSIONS: Caries has declined considerably in Salford since 1960. More of the total disease was concentrated in first permanent molar teeth in 1997. Indices, which measure the effectiveness of dental services, show that a greater proportion of overall disease was being treated in 1988 than in 1960 or 1997. <38> UI - 98267866 AU - Sarll DW TI - Dental caries is concentrated in the first permanent molars [comment]. CM - Comment on: Br Dent J 1998 Apr 25;184(8):394-6 SO - British Dental Journal 1998 Apr 25;184(8):387 <39> UI - 98197080 AU - Kankaala TM AU - Virtanen JI AU - Larmas MA IN - Institute of Dentistry, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Finland. TI - Timing of first fillings in the primary dentition and permanent first molars of asthmatic children. SO - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 1998 Feb;56(1):20-4 AB - The aim of this study was to analyze the timing of first fillings posteruptively in a cohort comprising 51 asthmatic children receiving inhaled corticosteroids and living in three communities in Ostrobothnia, Finland. They had all been born in the 1980s and had had asthma check-ups in the local asthma policlinic. A group of 102 healthy age- and sex-matched children served as controls. A longitudinal survival analysis of the timing of the first filling in the primary teeth and first permanent molars was conducted retrospectively using data from the annual dental health records. The timing of the first fillings in permanent first molars showed no statistically significant differences between asthmatic and healthy children, but the filling increments in the primary molars were consistently higher in the asthmatic group; the difference for the upper first primary molars was, for instance, statistically significant (risk ratio = 2.565; 95% confidence interval = 1.333-4.935). More extractions because of caries were also performed on primary molars in the asthmatic children. The findings support the hypothesis that factors related to the asthmatic condition might increase the risk of caries. A longer surveillance time would be needed to evaluate the effect of asthma on the permanent dentition. <40> UI - 98109767 AU - Mertz-Fairhurst EJ AU - Curtis JW Jr AU - Ergle JW AU - Rueggeberg FA AU - Adair SM IN - Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Medical College of Georgia, School of Dentistry, Augusta, USA. TI - Ultraconservative and cariostatic sealed restorations: results at year 10 [see comments]. CM - Comment in: J Am Dent Assoc 1998 Apr;129(4):410, 412 SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1998 Jan;129(1):55-66 AB - Changes in restorative techniques and the development of newer restorative materials have allowed for the use of more conservative cavity preparations. This 10-year study evaluated bonded and sealed composite restorations placed directly over frank cavitated lesions extending into dentin vs. sealed conservative amalgam restorations and conventional unsealed amalgam restorations. The results indicate that both types of sealed restorations exhibited superior clinical performance and longevity compared with unsealed amalgam restorations. Also, the bonded and sealed composite restorations placed over the frank cavitated lesions arrested the clinical progress of these lesions for 10 years. <41> UI - 98099403 AU - Mejare I AU - Kallestal C AU - Stenlund H AU - Johansson H IN - Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Eastman Dental Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. TI - Caries development from 11 to 22 years of age: a prospective radiographic study. Prevalence and distribution. SO - Caries Research 1998;32(1):10-6 AB - The aim was to assess the distribution and pattern of caries development longitudinally in teenagers and adolescents whose treatment had been based on remineralizing rather than restorative strategies. A baseline cohort of 536 children was studied, using bite-wing radiographs, from 11 to 22 years of age. The results showed a slow but continuous increase in both enamel and dentin caries of approximal surfaces. At 21, 29% of all posterior approximal surfaces had enamel caries according to the radiographic diagnoses, 14% had dentin caries and another 5% were restored. At the age of 20 21, the skewed distribution of DMFS(appr) apparent at 12 and 15 had given way to a more uniform picture and the percentage of individuals with no decayed approximal surfaces (DMFS(appr) = 0) decreased from 71 at 12-13 to 28 at 20-21 years of age. The proportion of DFS(occl) in relation to all DFS decreased from 83% at 12 to 52% at 21. The occlusal, mesial and distal surfaces of the first molar accounted for 60% of all restored surfaces at 21. <42> UI - 98181378 AU - Cloyd S AU - Gilpatrick RO AU - Moore D IN - Department of General Dentistry, U.T., Memphis, USA. TI - Preventive resin restorations vs. amalgam restorations: a three-year clinical study. SO - Journal of the Tennessee Dental Association 1997 Oct;77(4):36-40 AB - A three-year clinical study was completed at the College of Dentistry comparing the overall performance of Class I amalgam restorations with preventive resin restorations (PRRs). Seventy-four PRRs and fifty-two amalgam restorations were placed in the posterior teeth of thirty-eight patients. The PRR was composed of two materials: P-50 (3M Corp.), a heavily filled composite resin, and White Sealant (3M Corp.), a light-cured sealant. Fast-set Dispersalloy (Johnson and Johnson Corp.) was used for the amalgam restorations. The restorations were evaluated at six months, one year, two years and three years. The USPHS/Ryge system was used to evaluate anatomic form, marginal adaptation, marginal discoloration and recurrent caries of both type restorations. A restoration was considered a failure if any part of the restoration was replaced due to secondary caries. There were two failures of PRRs at six months, and four failures at one year. Failures were due to non retention of the sealant of the PRR and possibly related to operator error. The failures were easily repaired and removed from the study. No PRR failed at the two or three year evaluations. No amalgam restoration failed within the three year period. <43> UI - 98183184 AU - Cadroy I AU - Boj JR AU - Garcia-Godoy F IN - Postdoctoral Pediatric Dentistry Program, University of Barcelona, Spain. TI - Bond strength and interfacial morphology of adhesives to primary teeth dentin. SO - American Journal of Dentistry 1997 Oct;10(5):242-6 AB - PURPOSES: To evaluate (1) the shear bond strength to the dentin of primary teeth and failure site of hydrophilic dentin bonding agents, (2) the interfacial micromorphology of these adhesives on primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-six primary noncarious molars stored in distilled water were obtained. The teeth were cleaned with pumice and a rubber cup. The mesio-buccal surface of the teeth was ground flat with hand pressure with a series of SiC paper ending with the 600 grit to provide a uniform surface on superficial dentin to which the adhesives and resin composite could be applied. After preparing the dentin surface, the teeth were stored in distilled water for 48 hours. They were then rinsed and dried with compressed air and divided at random into four groups of 16 specimens each: Group 1: Dentastic; Group 2: One-Step; Group 3: Prime & Bond 2.0; Group 4: Compoglass SCA. Z100 resin was used in all groups. All specimens were thermocycled (500x) and sheared in an Instron machine. After shear testing, the debonding sites of all samples were examined with a stereomicroscope and selected samples were also examined with the scanning electron microscope. Three additional samples per group were used to evaluate the resin adaptation to dentin. RESULTS: The results in MPa were: Dentastic 19.62 (4.67); One-Step 11.24 (3.67), Prime & Bond 22.38 (6.47), Compoglass SCA 18.88 (4.04). ANOVA (P < 0.0001) revealed that there was a significant difference between the groups. The Student-Newman-Keuls test (P < 0.05) showed no statistically significant difference between Dentastic, Prime & Bond and Compoglass SCA. However, these three groups were statistically significantly higher than One Step. In the Dentastic group, 14 of 16 samples revealed resin cohesive failure (resin fracture) while two of 16 displayed dentin cohesive failure (dentin fracture). In the One Step group, 15 samples failed at the resin and one sample showed dentin cohesive failure. In the Prime & Bond group, 12 specimens revealed resin cohesive failure while four displayed dentin cohesive failure. In the Compoglass SCA group, 13 samples had resin cohesive failures while three had dentin cohesive failures. All samples revealed an intimate adaptation to the dentin displaying resin tag formation. <44> UI - 98127163 AU - Warren JJ AU - Hand JS AU - Yao JH IN - Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, USA. TI - First-molar caries experience among Taiwanese first-grade children. SO - ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children 1997 Nov-Dec;64(6):425-8 AB - Evidence suggests that dental caries levels may have risen dramatically among Taiwanese children during the past twenty years. Accurate and consistent methods of assessing the dental caries in Taiwanese children, however, have not been widely employed. This project assessed, in detail, the caries status of 333 first grade children attending four schools in Taiwan. Mean DMFS and DMFT computed solely from first-molar data for these children were 1.46 and 1.19, respectively. Mean DMFS for females was 1.57, while for males it was 1.35. Overall, 48 percent of the children were caries-free in their permanent first molars. Nearly 90 percent of DMF was "decayed," while the remainder was "filled." Children from families in lower socioeconomic status (SES) categories had significantly higher mean DMFS than did higher SES children. Results suggest that caries prevention and dental treatment programs should be developed or enhanced to reduce the caries problem among Taiwanese children, particularly those at high risk. <45> UI - 98104633 AU - Sheller B AU - Williams BJ AU - Lombardi SM IN - Department of Dental Medicine, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA. TI - Diagnosis and treatment of dental caries-related emergencies in a children's hospital. SO - Pediatric Dentistry 1997 Nov-Dec;19(8):470-5 AB - A comprehensive review of 362 caries-related emergency visits presenting to a children's hospital was completed to investigate aspects of care which have not been previously reported. Areas of interest included patient characteristics such as age and whether the emergency visit was the first contact with a dentist, association of the emergency visit with a nursing bottle habit, diagnoses, treatment provided, and behavior management techniques used at the emergency visit. The emergency appointment was the first contact with a dentist for 27% of all patients and for 52% of children 3.5 years and younger. Patient visits related to nursing caries totaled 19% and these patients had a disproportionately high share of all primary tooth diagnoses. Nursing caries patients accounted for 48% of patients requiring papoose restraint and were the majority of patients receiving multiple extractions. Papoose restraint was used most often for young patients needing extraction who presented during clinic hours and were treated by an attending dentist. Maxillary first and second primary molars were implicated in a high number of cellulitis patients (57%) yet represented only 23% of primary tooth diagnoses. <46> UI - 98145102 AU - Prabhu NT AU - Munshi AK IN - Department of Pedodontics, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India. TI - Clinical, radiographic and histological observations of the radicular pulp following "feracrylum" pulpotomy [published erratum appears in J Clin Pediatr Dent 1997 Summer;21(4):356]. SO - Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 1997 Winter;21(2):151-6 AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the pulpal response following application of 1% Feracrylum (Hemolok) to arrest hemorrhage during pulpotomy procedure on 26 sound primary molars. They were filled with ZnOE cement and later restored with silver amalgam. The teeth were followed for clinical, radiographic and later histological success for various intervals of time up to 5 months. Asymptomatic clinical and radiological findings and histological evidence of healing in the form of reparative dentin and fibrous tissue formation the deeper zones of the radicular pulp was observed. The hemostatic and non-toxic nature of feracrylum makes it a promising medicament for pulpotomy procedures. <47> UI - 98093599 AU - Aguirre JM AU - Rodriguez R AU - Oribe D AU - Vitoria JC IN - Departamento de Estomatologia, Universidad del Pais Vasco/E.H.U., Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain. TI - Dental enamel defects in celiac patients. SO - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, & Endodontics 1997 Dec;84(6):646-50 AB - OBJECTIVE: The incidence and distribution of enamel defects among patients with celiac disease were examined. STUDY DESIGN: The oral cavity was explored in 137 patients with celiac disease (mean age 16.2 years; age range 5 to 68 years) and in 52 control patients (mean age 19.8 years; age range 5 to 64 years). Permanent dentition enamel defects were recorded, along with their number and locations. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth index rates were also established, and an investigation was made of the human leukocyte antigens among the patients with celiac disease. The results obtained were analyzed with the chi-squared test, statistical significance being regarded for p < or = 0.05. RESULTS: Enamel defects were observed in 72 (52.5%) of the patients with celiac disease (52 patients had systematic defects) and in 22 (42.3%) of the control patients (9 patients had systematic defects). Systematic defects were significantly more common in the celiac disease group. In the patients with celiac disease, 72.2% were symmetrical, compared with 40.9% of the defects in the control patients. The incisors were the most frequently affected teeth, the extent of involvement being significantly greater in the celiac disease group. In patients with celiac disease, DR7, DR3, and DQ2 were the most commonly observed human leukocyte antigens. The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth index rates were 4.8 and 6.2 in the celiac disease group and the control group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Enamel defects are common among patients with celiac disease. They tend to be bilateral and symmetrical, and they are chronologically distributed. The lesions affect mainly the incisors and the molars. Patients with such characteristics should be evaluated for possible celiac disease. <48> UI - 98045014 AU - Clark DC AU - Berkowitz J IN - Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. dcc@unixg.ubc.ca TI - The relationship between the number of sound, decayed, and filled permanent tooth surfaces and the number of sealed surfaces in children and adolescents. SO - Journal of Public Health Dentistry 1997 Summer;57(3):171-5 AB - OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the prevalence of sound, decayed, filled, and sealed permanent tooth surfaces for children and adolescents from three fluoridated communities in British Columbia and to develop a predictive model of sealant use that included the dental caries status of tooth surfaces. METHODS: Children in grades 2 and 3 (n = 2,715) and adolescents in grades 8 and 9 (3,317) were surveyed to determine the prevalence of sound, decayed, filled, and sealed permanent tooth surfaces. The DMFS index, modified to include incipient (D1) and cavitated (D2) lesions, was used to measure the status of all tooth surfaces. The prevalence of D1D2MF and sealed tooth surfaces was estimated by age group and tooth type. Logistic regression models were developed to analyze the association between a number of independent variables and sealant use. RESULTS: About 60 percent of surveyed students had one or more sealants present, with a mean of 3.2 sealants per subject. Of all pit and fissure surfaces on permanent first molars, 23.4 percent and 20.1 percent were sealed for the 11 years and younger and 12 years and older age groups, respectively. For these same two age groups, the percentages of pit and fissure surfaces that were decayed and filled were 6.7 percent and 19.7 percent, respectively. For both age groups combined, 10.8 percent and 23.7 percent of all pit and fissure surfaces on second molars and premolars, respectively, were sealed. The prevalence of decayed and filled pit and fissure surfaces was 5.6 percent and 1.8 percent, respectively, for second molars and premolars. Premolars were being sealed at a rate of 13 to 1 compared to the number of decayed and filled surfaces. Logistic regression failed to identify meaningful predictors of sealant use. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study found an increase in the prevalence of sealants in the three communities surveyed, yet failed to identify criteria used by dentists or auxiliaries when making decisions about sealant placement. Professional education in the appropriate use of sealants may be necessary. <49> UI - 97469209 AU - Sharaf AA IN - Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt. TI - Evaluation of mandibular infiltration versus block anesthesia in pediatric dentistry. SO - ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children 1997 Jul-Aug;64(4):276-81 AB - The clinical effectiveness of mandibular block anesthesia was compared to that of buccal infiltration anesthesia. A total of eighty patients three to nine years old was selected with identical bilateral lesions. The anesthetic used was mepacaine HCL 2 percent. The treatments performed were restorations, pulpotomies, and extractions. Child behavior and pain reaction were recorded and rated at certain intervals of treatment, using the Frankl behavioral scale and the SEM scale. The Eland color scale was also used in another sample of twenty patients to determine which type of anesthesia was more acceptable to children. The paired t-test was used to compare results. Buccal infiltration anesthesia was found to be as effective as block anesthesia in all situations, except when pulpotomies were performed in the mandibular second primary molar, where it proved to be unreliable regardless of age. Block anesthesia was significantly more painful than buccal infiltration anesthesia, and behavior of children three through five years old sometimes turned negative following the block injection. <50> UI - 97469203 AU - Gruythuysen RJ AU - Weerheijm KL TI - Calcium hydroxide pulpotomy with a light-cured cavity-sealing material after two years. SO - ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children 1997 Jul-Aug;64(4):251-3 AB - In this follow-up study a light-cured glass ionomer lining cement was evaluated as a cavity-sealing material in calcium hydroxide pulpotomies in primary molars after one and two years. The pulpotomy dressing was a suspension of pure calcium hydroxide with either tap water or sterile saline. The success rate of the pulpotomies after one year was 87.7 percent and after two years 80.4 percent (clinically and radiographically). This result was only influenced by the type of restoration (amalgam versus stainless steel crown). The results of the present investigation compare favorably with those of other published studies of pulpotomy of primary molars using calcium hydroxide as the wound dressing. <51> UI - 97443307 AU - Andersson-Wenckert IE AU - Folkesson UH AU - van Dijken JW IN - Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Umea University, Sweden. TI - Durability of a polyacid-modified composite resin (compomer) in primary molars. A multicenter study. SO - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 1997 Aug;55(4):255-60 AB - A polyacid-modified composite resin (compomer) restorative material was evaluated in primary molars in a multicenter study. One hundred and fifty-nine class-II restorations were placed by 6 dentists in 79 children. The restorations were evaluated during a 2-year period, using slightly modified USPHS criteria. After 1 year 151 restorations were evaluated and, after 2 years, 104. The cumulative failure rate after 1 year was 8% and after 2 years, 22%. The main reasons for failure were loss of retention (12%) and secondary caries (5%). The compomer material showed a high failure rate, comparable to that of other adhesive restorative materials currently used in primary molars. A large operator variation in failure rate indicates the technique sensitivity of the material. <52> UI - 97432635 AU - Gray GB AU - Paterson RC IN - Division of Restorative Dentistry (Conservation), Bristol Dental Hospital, UK. TI - Prediction of the extent of caries in pit and fissure lesions in a field trial in the west of Scotland. SO - Caries Research 1997;31(5):329-35 AB - A field trial is in progress in which 14 community clinical dental officers and 19 general dental practitioners were asked to record the actual extent of fissure lesions and how this compared with the cavity size they expected. Participating operators worked under their normal conditions of daily practice. Forty-eight to fifty-seven percent of 644 prepared cavities were of the expected size upon investigation, depending on the diagnostic technique used. Greater accuracy was achieved among the smaller cavities (58-75% as expected) than with the larger (52-69% larger than expected). More difficulty with cavity size prediction occurred with the lower right first molar than with the other first molar teeth and with both mandibular second molars compared to the maxillary molars. Comparisons between the accuracy of cavity size prediction achieved using a visual inspection in combination with the probe and a visual inspection alone showed no significant difference. Under the conditions of this field trial, considerable difficulties were experienced in predicting cavity size accurately. <53> UI - 97235691 AU - Virtanen JI AU - Bloigu RS AU - Larmas MA IN - Department of Preventive Dentistry and Cariology, University of Oulu, Finland. TI - Effect of early restorations of permanent molars on filling increments of individual teeth. SO - Journal of Dentistry 1997 Jan;25(1):17-24 AB - OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this work was to analyse longitudinally whether the placement of restorations on permanent molar teeth immediately after their eruption results in (a cohort with) higher filling increments in all individual teeth thereafter. The patient documents of 937 subjects born either in 1970-1971 or in 1980-1981 were analysed. METHODS: The methods of survival analysis were employed. If any of the first permanent molar teeth had been restored in the course of tooth emergence, the person was assigned to the experimental group, and all the others were placed in the control group. Those in whom all the first permanent molar teeth had been restored at the time of emergence were compared with all the others. RESULTS: Early restoration of any permanent molar indicated higher filling increments in all the other molar teeth. The differences between the groups with regard to the first and second molar teeth were statistically highly significant (e.g. D.17 for the girls: log-rank chi 2 = 32.8, p = 0.0001 and Wilcoxon chi 2 = 28.7, p = 0.0001). The differences were greater among the girls than among the boys. Early restoration of the first permanent molar teeth did not indicate high filling increments in the incisors, canines or the smooth surfaces of any tooth. CONCLUSION: Fissure caries and smooth surface caries are different entities. The present method can be of help as an additional tool to help the clinician identify "risk" patients, in that an early restoration in any first molar is a powerful indicator of a risk of restorations in the other first molar teeth and also the second molar teeth. <54> UI - 97294175 AU - Ismail A AU - Brodeur JM AU - Gagnon P AU - Payette M AU - Picard D AU - Hamalian T AU - Olivier M IN - Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. ismaildl@is.dal.ca TI - Restorative treatments received by children covered by a universal, publicly financed, dental insurance plan. SO - Journal of Public Health Dentistry 1997 Winter;57(1):11-8 AB - OBJECTIVES: This study sought to identify risk markers associated with the provision of new restorations in children and to investigate whether the carious status of a tooth surface is associated with the restorative decisions of dentists. METHODS: A total of 911 schoolchildren in grades one, two, and three were randomly selected from the island of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Dental examinations were carried out in 1990, 1991, and 1992. Tooth surfaces of first permanent molars were classified as sound, noncavitated, and cavitated. The carious status of a tooth was matched with restorative decisions reported to the insurance board. RESULTS: The presence of a carious cavity was a strong risk marker for placement of new restorations (odds rations > or = 4.11). After one year, less than 2 percent of sound tooth surfaces of first permanent molars were restored and about 21 percent of noncavitated tooth surfaces were restored. When new class I restorations placed in maxillary first permanent molars within 3-6 months after the baseline examination were evaluated, we found that between 73 percent and 86 percent of these new restorations were placed in sound or noncavitated tooth surfaces. A similar trend also was observed in mandibular first permanent molars. Poor agreement between epidemiologic diagnosis and restorative decisions was found. The restorative profile of dentists was a significant risk marker for placement of new restorations. CONCLUSION: The majority of new restorations in first permanent molars were placed in sound and noncavitated tooth surfaces because of the ubiquitous prevalence of these tooth surfaces and the validity problems of current caries diagnosis methods. <55> UI - 97200477 AU - al-Shalan TA AU - Erickson PR AU - Hardie NA IN - University of Minnesota, School of Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dental Science, USA. TI - Primary incisor decay before age 4 as a risk factor for future dental caries. SO - Pediatric Dentistry 1997 Jan-Feb;19(1):37-41 AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether early childhood caries (ECC) is a risk factor for future dental caries. One hundred fifteen dental charts of children younger than 4 years of age when initially treated were reviewed and abstracted for primary incisor caries and age at the initial examination, gender, recall dental visits, sealants, and age at the last dental examination. In addition, the number of carious, extracted, and restored teeth (cert/CERT: primary/secondary) at the last examination was determined. Children with ECC at their initial examination (N = 58) had a 93.0% cert rate, a 67.2% CERT rate and a 60.3% CERT in first molars rate by their last dental examination. Non-ECC children at their initial examination (n = 57) had less than half the rate of each cert/CERT parameter (43.9%, 22.8%, and 26.3%, respectively) at their last dental visit. The odds ratios for each cert/CERT parameter posed by ECC status were 17.3 for cert, 7.0 for CERT, and 4.3 for CERT in first molars. When these odds were adjusted for other study parameters by a forward step-wise logistic regression analysis, ECC status continued to be a risk factor for each cert/CERT parameter. We conclude that 1) early childhood caries is a risk factor for future caries, 2) increased age is a risk factor for CERT, and 3) recalls and sealants are protective factors. <56> UI - 97157629 AU - Heidbuchel KL AU - Kuijpers-Jagtman AM IN - Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Leuven, Belgium. TI - Maxillary and mandibular dental-arch dimensions and occlusion in bilateral cleft lip and palate patients form 3 to 17 years of age. SO - Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 1997 Jan;34(1):21-6 AB - The aim of this study was to describe maxillary and mandibular dental-arch form and occlusion in bilateral cleft of the lip and palate (BCLP) from 3 to 17 years of age and to compare their characteristics with a normative sample. A sample of 22 patients with BCLP was investigated, with a noncleft control sample used for comparison. Dental-arch dimensions were studied on dental casts. A comparison between both groups was made at fixed time intervals. From 9 years of age, the cleft sample showed a significantly smaller maxillary depth. Maxillary dental-arch widths were also significantly smaller than in the control group over the whole age period. Mandibular dental-arch measurements were very similar in both groups, although smaller first-molar widths were noted in the BCLP group beginning at 12 years of age. A tendency for end-to-end occlusion was found, which became more clear with age and was most markedly in the canine region. <57> UI - 98183178 AU - Peters TC AU - Roeters JJ AU - Frankenmolen FW IN - Faculty of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, South Australia. TI - Clinical evaluation of Dyract in primary molars: 1-year results. SO - American Journal of Dentistry 1996 Apr;9(2):83-8 AB - PURPOSE: To evaluate the 1-year clinical performance of Dyract in primary molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 55 children (aged 4-9 years) received 1-3 restorations (n = 91) utilizing Dyract, a new restorative material combining properties of both glass ionomers and composites. RESULTS: The so-called compomer material showed good handling characteristics and a survival rate of 97% after 1 year. Nevertheless, the material demonstrated an average wear of 190 microns during 1 year, with 67% of the restorations having occlusal wear of less than 200 microns. The combination of a low failure rate and the ease of application makes the compomer material very suitable for application in the primary dentition. <58> UI - 97304932 AU - Bimstein E AU - Zaidenberg R AU - Soskolne AW IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hebrew University, Faculty of Dentistry-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel. bimstein@cc.huji.ac.il TI - Alveolar bone loss and restorative dentistry in the primary molars. SO - Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 1996 Fall;21(1):51-4 AB - This study examined the relationship between the status of the interproximal alveolar bone and the nature of the adjacent proximal surfaces in the primary molar area. In bite wing radiographs of 354 children, aged 6 to 9 years, 5091 sites were examined; 72.7% of the sites were adjacent to intact proximal surfaces, 14.2% to untreated proximal carious surfaces, and 13.0% to restored proximal surfaces. Marginal alveolar bone loss (ABL) was evident in 26.8% of the children, at 4.0% of the sites. Two thirds of the children with ABL had bone defects in more than 1 site. Males had a significantly higher mean number of sites affected with marginal ABL, per child, than females (mean = 2.4, SE = 0.2 and mean = 1.8, SE = 0.2 respectively). ABL was found adjacent to: 0.8% of the intact surfaces; 16.9% of the carious surfaces; 7.8% of the restored surfaces; 1.8% and 53.8% of the sites without or with proximal contact loss respectively; 3.8% and 30.8% of the sites with or without an adequate amalgam restoration respectively; 4.9% and 25.8% of the sites with an adequate or inadequate crown restoration respectively. The differences in distribution of marginal alveolar bone loss were highly significant (Chi square analysis, p = < 0.0001) for sites with intact, carious or restored sites, and for the presence or absence of contact loss, adequate amalgam or adequate crown. <59> UI - 97218545 AU - Holst A IN - Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden. TI - A 3-year clinical evaluation of Ketac-Silver restorations in primary molars. SO - Swedish Dental Journal 1996;20(6):209-14 AB - Occlusal and proximal caries lesions in primary molars in 4-7-yr-old children with a high caries activity were restored with a cermet, Ketac Silver. Slice prepared proximal surfaces were restored with one surface restorations. A total number of 119 restorations were available for evaluation. Fiftysix percent of the restorations included two or more tooth-surfaces. The restorations were evaluated 1 yr, 2 yrs and 3 yrs after placement using the USPHS criteria. The percentage of successful and acceptable restorations was 66% after 1 yr, 56% after 2 yrs and 46% after 3 yrs. Three year after placement 27% of the restorations showed severe abrasion into the dentin or were lost, 10% showed poor margin adaption or were fractured. Slightly more than 8% showed deep margin discoloration and the same amount showed secondary caries lesions. There was a general trend toward poor results as both the size of the restoration and the number of surfaces per tooth restored increased. The results indicate that Ketac-Silver is not useful for restorations in primary molars especially not for large restorations in caries active children. <60> UI - 96430381 AU - Chestnutt IG AU - Schafer F AU - Jacobson AP AU - Stephen KW IN - Department of Adult Dental Care, University of Glasgow, Scotland. TI - Incremental susceptibility of individual tooth surfaces to dental caries in Scottish adolescents. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1996 Feb;24(1):11-6 AB - This study reports on the caries susceptibility of tooth surfaces in 4294 adolescents (mean age 12.5 yr) during a 3-yr, double-blind clinical caries trial, conducted in Lanarkshire, Scotland, between 1988 and 1992. Children were selected on the grounds of dental maturity and past caries experience. Clinical examinations with mirror, CPITN probe and fibre optic trans-illumination were carried out on the permanent dentition, with the buccal pits of mandibular molars and palatal pits of maxillary molars being recorded as separate sites. At baseline 6061 surfaces were decayed (1.0% of 601 160 surfaces examined), 20 160 (3.4%) filled, and 10 909 (1.8%) missing due to caries. The number of surfaces recorded as sound at baseline in subjects completing the study was 454 663. Of these 8176 (1.8%) new surfaces were decayed, 14 832 (3.3%) filled and 4000 (0.9%) missing at the final examination. Molar occlusal surfaces showed greatest susceptibility to attack, 35.8%) of those at risk becoming carious in the course of the study. All buccal and lingual smooth surfaces showed a low susceptibility, but 8.8% of buccal and palatal pits developed caries. At the final clinical-only examination, pit and fissure caries accounted for 48%, interproximal surfaces for 39%, and smooth surfaces for 13% of caries prevalence. However, overall the contribution of these surfaces to 3-yr increments was, 40%, 47% and 13%, respectively. <61> UI - 97117277 AU - Holan G AU - Chosack A AU - Eidelman E IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel. TI - Clinical evaluation of Class II combined amalgam-composite restorations in primary molars after 6 to 30 months. SO - ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children 1996 Sep-Oct;63(5):341-5 AB - Composites are claimed to be inappropriate for Class II restoration due to polymerization shrinkage. The present study evaluated the clinical and radiographic appearance of Class II combined amalgam composite restorations in primary molars. Conventional cavities (groups A & B) were restored with 1mm thick amalgam at the cervical floor covered by a posterior composite (Estilux Posterior). In group A Amalgambond was placed between the layers: in group B conventional enamel bond was applied. Vertical increments of Estilux Posterior over enamel bond restored cavities of group C. A fluted carbide bur and Sof-lex discs finished all restorations. Criteria developed by Cvar & Ryge (1971) were used for clinical evaluation of 39 restorations (12, 16 and 11 of Groups A, B and C respectively). No complaints of pain or discomfort were reported during the 6-30 months (mean 15.3) follow-up period. All groups presented excellent surface appearance. Ninety-two percent of group A and 100 percent of groups B & C presented excellent marginal adaptation. Anatomic form was excellent in 92 percent, 8 percent and 100 percent of groups A, B and C respectively. The underlying amalgam was visible through the composite of groups A & B reducing the percentage of excellent ratings of color match to 33 percent and 38 percent respectively, with 9 percent in Group C. This difference was significant (P < 0.02). Secondary caries was observed in two teeth (group A & C). Radiographs presented radiolucent area at the amalgam-composite interface only in one restoration (group A) and one at the tooth-composite interface (group C). Bubbles were found in 6.6 percent of group A; 12.5 percent of group and 64 percent of group C (p < 0.01). This study detected differences between the groups only in color match and the presence of bubbles. <62> UI - 97117276 AU - Walker J AU - Floyd K AU - Jakobsen J AU - Pinkham JR IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA. TI - The effectiveness of preventive resin restorations in pediatric patients. SO - ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children 1996 Sep-Oct;63(5):338-40 AB - In a six-year, eight-month period, 5,185 preventive resin composite sealants (preventive resin restorations) were placed in permanent molars and premolars in children, five through eighteen years of age in the University of Iowa Pediatric Dentistry Clinic. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the frequency of failure or retreatment of these teeth. The median observation time was for 18.5 months (the longest was for 79.2 months); 88.3 percent required no additional restorative procedures. The median time for resealing was one year after placement, in 6.2 percent of the cases. Three hundred and sixty-four (8 percent) of these teeth required retreatment consisting of one-surface amalgam or additional composite material. In conclusion it would appear that the composite/sealant/restoration in the permanent dentition may require further evaluation in an attempt to reduce the incidence of repair or replacement of these restorations. <63> UI - 97125101 AU - Royse MC AU - Ott NW AU - Mathieu GP IN - U.S. Naval Station, Naples, Italy. TI - Dentin adhesive superior to copal varnish in preventing microleakage in primary teeth. SO - Pediatric Dentistry 1996 Nov-Dec;18(7):440-3 AB - Microleakage presents a major challenge to the success of all restorations placed in the oral cavity, resulting in postoperative sensitivity, pulpal irritation, and secondary caries formation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an adhesive cavity liner under amalgam restorations in primary teeth. Sixty class V amalgam restorations were placed on the buccal and/or lingual surfaces of 38 primary molars and canine teeth. A dentin adhesive cavity liner was placed under 20 of the amalgam restorations. Another 20 restorations were lined with copal cavity varnish prior to amalgam condensation. The remaining 20 had no liner. All teeth were thermocycled in 0.5% basic fuschin dye, sectioned, and examined under a stereomicroscope to evaluate microleakage. While all specimens demonstrated leakage around the margins of the restorations, only the teeth with adhesive resin liners prevented leakage into the dentinal walls of the restoration. The copal cavity varnish group displayed microleakage approaching the pulpal chamber, whereas the unlined specimens consistently displayed dye penetration into the pulp chamber. At P < 0.01, the use of an adhesive cavity liner under amalgam restorations in primary teeth resulted in significantly less microleakage. <64> UI - 97096993 AU - Einwag J AU - Dunninger P IN - Zahnarztliches Fortbildungszentrum, Stuttgart, Germany. TI - Stainless steel crown versus multisurface amalgam restorations: an 8-year longitudinal clinical study. SO - Quintessence International 1996 May;27(5):321-3 AB - Two alternative methods of restoring primary teeth that had multisurface lesions were examined in a clinical longitudinal study. In a paired comparison, stainless steel crowns proved far superior to multisurface amalgam restorations with respect to both lifespan and replacement rate. Stainless steel crowns are not only more acceptable to the patient and more cost effective, but also more acceptable to the dentist because of the comparatively simple procedures involved in restoring even severely affected primary molars. <65> UI - 97030789 AU - Virtanen JI AU - Bloigu RS AU - Larmas MA IN - Department of Preventive Dentistry and Cariology, Oulu University, Finland. TI - Timing of first restorations before, during, and after a preventive xylitol trial. SO - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 1996 Aug;54(4):211-6 AB - An independent longitudinal retrospective analysis of the timing, number, and cost of tooth restorations was conducted for all subjects (n = 313) in the age cohort of a municipal health center, in which two consecutive field trials of up to 3 years on the caries-preventive effect of the use of xylitol chewing gum were conducted (Ylivieska study, 1982-85). A computer program calculated the post-eruptive timing of the first restorations on each permanent tooth surface, and survival analysis methods were applied before, during, and after the trials. The cost of restorations was then calculated. The total number of new restored surfaces was 4.0 per child in the xylitol group and 9.3 in the controls during the decade after onset of the trial. The number of restorations on the occlusal surfaces of the first molars leveled off at 40-50% in the xylitol group and at about 60-70% in the control group. Plateaus for the second molars were at 30-40% and 60-70%, respectively. The time lag for the first restorations was longer in the xylitol group for the proximal and other smooth surfaces. A marked difference in favor of the xylitol group was observed in the proximal surfaces of the upper incisors (for example, the mesial surface of the upper mesial incisor for girls: log-rank chi-square = 11.1, p < 0.001). The preventive effect was most pronounced in teeth that had erupted during the trial. This analysis indicated that participation of subjects in the xylitol chewing gum trials resulted in a significant reduction in the number of first restorations and hence in costs during the decade after the onset of gum use. <66> UI - 97097006 AU - Chu CH AU - King NM AU - Lee AM AU - Yiu CK AU - Wei SH IN - University Health Service, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. TI - A pilot study of the marginal adaptation and surface morphology of glass-cermet cements. SO - Quintessence International 1996 Jul;27(7):493-501 AB - This study investigated changes in the marginal adaptation and surface morphology of Ketac-Silver and Chelon-Silver glass-current cements over time. Dispersalloy amalgam was used as a control. Contralateral pairs of carious primary molars were restored with the test materials and amalgam. Clinical evaluations were scheduled at 12, 18, and 24 months after placement. Gold-plated replicas of the restorations were observed with scanning electron microscopy. Fractures and cracks in the surface of the Dispersalloy and Chelon-Silver increased the surface roughness; however, the damage was superficial and self-limiting in the Dispersalloy restorations, while in Chelon-Silver the fractures caused the material to break down in layers. A substantial quantity of pores, usually smaller than 50 microns in diameter, were observed throughout the surface of the Chelon-Silver restorations. The pores in the surface of Ketac-Silver were fewer and smaller. The incidence of cavomarginal breakdown increased with time. Chelon-Silver restorations had a higher rate of cavomarginal breakdown than did Ketac-Silver and Dispersalloy restorations up to 18 months. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the marginal adaptation of the three groups at 24 months. <67> UI - 97065374 AU - Winkler MM AU - Deschepper EJ AU - Dean JA AU - Moore BK AU - Cochran MA AU - Ewoldsen N IN - Department of Restorative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis 46202-5186, USA. TI - Using a resin-modified glass ionomer as an occlusal sealant: a one-year clinical study. SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1996 Oct;127(10):1508-14 AB - The authors compared the retention and clinical performance of a resin-modified glass ionomer, or RMGI, restorative and a light-cured resin sealant. The first permanent molars on one side of the dental arch in 50 children were sealed with an RMGI, and the same teeth on the other side were sealed with a resin sealant. At baseline, six months after placement and one year after placement, examiners documented sealant retention, secondary caries, marginal discrepancy and marginal staining. In general, the RMGI appeared to wear markedly. At one year, the retention of the RMGI was significantly less than the resin, but the RMGI had significantly fewer marginal discrepancies. There were no significant differences in caries development or marginal discoloration. <68> UI - 96377706 AU - Virtanen JI AU - Bloigu RS AU - Larmas MA IN - Department of Preventive Dentistry and Cariology, University of Oulu, Finland. Jorma.Virtanen@oulu.fl TI - Effect of early or late eruption of permanent teeth on caries susceptibility. SO - Journal of Dentistry 1996 Jul;24(4):245-50 AB - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyse the possible effect of early or late eruption of permanent teeth on the placement of first restorations on the different surfaces. The oral health records, of a total of 486 children born in 1970 and 1971 living in three rural communities in Finland, were analysed. METHODS: Caries susceptibility was determined indirectly by a new method. The study groups were defined as falling outside one standard deviation either side of the mean value for the timing of the eruption of first permanent molar teeth. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in restoration increments between the early and late eruption cohorts were found at the end of the study period. For the occlusal surfaces of the first molar teeth, the restoration placement curves plateaued at about 60-70%, while for the second molar teeth, the plateaus occurred at 50-60% for both study cohorts. In girls with 'late eruption', the height of the post-eruptive step (i.e. the number of teeth filled on the year of their eruption) was higher (50-100%) compared to boys and girls with 'early eruption'. The difference was statistically significant. For example, for the occlusal surface of D. 36, the 95% confidence interval for the difference between proportions was 12-53%. CONCLUSION: No consistent effect of early or late eruption of permanent teeth was found on caries susceptibility measured post-eruptively by the placement rate of first restorations in a follow-up study of more than 10 years among Finnish children born in 1970-1971. <69> UI - 96221029 AU - Benn A AU - Altini M IN - Department of Conservative Dentistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. TI - Dentigerous cysts of inflammatory origin. A clinicopathologic study. SO - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, & Endodontics 1996 Feb;81(2):203-9 AB - The exact histogenesis of dentigerous cysts remains unknown, but most authors favor a developmental origin from the tooth follicle. The aim of this article is to report a series of 15 dentigerous cysts that we believe to be of inflammatory origin. These inflammatory dentigerous cysts occurred in the first and early part of the second decades of life. Males were affected more frequently, and there did not appear to be any racial predilection. All of the cases involved permanent teeth: premolars in nine cases, canines in four cases, and second molars in two cases. The mandible was affected twice as frequently as the maxilla. In 13 cases, nonvital grossly carious or heavily restored deciduous teeth were associated with the cysts. Some of these teeth had been extracted before the cysts were diagnosed. In the remaining two cases, both of which involved the second permanent molars, there were no nonvital deciduous teeth, however both had concomitant proliferative periostitis. All of the cysts were moderately or intensely inflamed and were lined predominantly or entirely by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium that in some cases was markedly hyperplastic and exhibited anastomosing rete ridges mimicking radicular cysts. In the majority of cases, parts of the cysts were lined with a 2 to 3 cell layer thick cuboidal epithelium that we believe was derived from reduced enamel epithelium. Rests of odontogenic epithelium frequen