Database: MEDLINE <: biomedical, nursing & dental literature, 1966 - Nov 2000.> Search Strategy (You Saved Citations 1-300 From Set 58): ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Dental cavity preparation/ 4902 2 ((dental or cavit$3) adj5 (design$3 or outline$1 or form$1 4896 or extension$1 or prepar:)).mp. 3 ((convention$2 or amalgam or silver or copper) adj3 4076 (prepar: or restor: or fill$3 or cavit$3)).mp. 4 ((conservative or ultraconservative or ultra-conservative) 457 adj5 (prepar: or restor: or fill$3 or cavit$3)).mp. 5 ((tunnel: or slot: or adhesive: or saucer:) adj5 (prepar: 1162 or restor: or fill$3 or cavit$3)).mp. 6 ((resin or composite$1) adj5 (prepar: or restor: or fill$3 4679 or cavit$3)).mp. 7 (air adj (abrasion: or abrad:) adj5 (prepar: or restor: or 26 fill$3 or cavit$3)).mp. 8 ((minimal or prevent:) adj5 (prepar: or restor: or fill$3 4331 or cavit$3)).mp. 9 (extension adj3 prevent:).mp. 298 10 Dental restoration, permanent/ 10620 11 or/1-10 27229 12 Dental restoration failure/ 810 13 (restoration$1 or filling$1 or implant$1 or bridge$1 or 133863 crown$1 or inlay$1 or denture$1).mp. 14 (survival$1 or failure$1 or longevity or durability or 554896 success: or survival).mp. 15 ((restoration$1 or filling$1 or implant$1 or bridge$1 or 5015 crown$1 or inlay$1 or denture$1) adj5 (survival$1 or failure$1 or longevity or durability or success: or survival)).mp. 16 Survival analysis/ 22680 17 Prosthesis failure/ 7542 18 exp treatment outcome/ 97272 19 co.fs. 842195 20 exp cohort studies/ 369269 21 prognosis/ 161611 22 exp mortality/ 111289 23 exp morbidity/ 106755 24 (natural adj history).ti,ab. 14680 25 prognos$.ti,ab. 128240 26 course.ti,ab. 193298 27 predict$.ti,ab. 237169 28 exp "Outcome assessment (health care)"/ 105414 29 outcome$1.ti,ab. 174575 30 (inception adj cohort$1).ti,ab. 381 31 disease progression/ 13155 32 exp survival analysis/ 28366 33 Recurrence/ 79560 34 ((recurr: or secondary) adj caries).mp. 476 35 exp risk/ 228636 36 or/12,15-35 2016709 37 (class adj ("1" or "one" or "I")).mp. 24724 38 (class adj ("2" or "two" or "II")).mp. 31852 39 ((proximo: or proximal: or approximal: or occlusal:) adj5 1978 (prepar: or restor: or fill$3 or inlay$2 or cavit$3)).mp. 40 Dental amalgam/ 6177 41 exp Composite resins/ 9877 42 (resin$1 adj3 composite$1).mp. 9146 43 exp Molar/ 12309 44 or/37-43 75630 45 11 and 36 and 44 1510 46 "in vitro"/ 292878 47 (disease$1 adj free adj (survival or patient$1)).mp. 6869 48 microleakage.mp. 973 49 (marginal adj (leakage or scaling)).mp. 312 50 exp Tooth demineralization/di 998 51 (bond adj strength).mp. 1894 52 exp Malocclusion/ 19322 53 malocclusion$1.mp. 16835 54 or/46-53 323260 55 45 not 54 1312 56 limit 55 to (human and english language and yr=1975-2000) 1037 57 exp Dentistry/ 208051 58 56 and 57 995 59 from 58 keep 1-300 300 60 from 58 keep 1-300 300 61 from 58 keep 301-600 300 *************************** <1> UI - 97318439 AU - Tam LE AU - Yim D IN - Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada. TI - Effect of dentine depth on the fracture toughness of dentine-composite adhesive interfaces. SO - Journal of Dentistry 1997 May-Jul;25(3-4):339-46 AB - OBJECTIVES: The fracture toughness test was recently introduced as a clinically relevant method for assessing the fracture resistance of the dentine-composite interface. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dentine depth on the interfacial fracture toughness test of several dentine-composite interfaces using some new proprietary dentine bonding agents. METHODS: Miniature short rod fracture toughness specimens containing a chevron-shaped dentine-composite-bonded interface were prepared for each group (n = 12). Six different dentine bonding agents and two dentine depths were the variables assessed at the dentine-composite interfaces. After 24 h at 37 degrees C in water, the specimens were tested by loading at 0.5 mm/min in the Instron Universal Testing Machine. The interfacial KIC results were analysed by ANOVA, unpaired Student's t-tests and Fisher's LSD test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The interfacial KIC results in MN.m-3/2 (S.D.) on superficial and deep dentine, respectively, were: All-Bond 2, 0.80 (0.21), 0.44 (0.13); Bond-lt, 0.75 (0.20), 0.38 (0.19); Prime and Bond, 0.56 (0.11), 0.28 (0.10); Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, 0.45 (0.23), 0.26 (0.15); One-Step and OptiBond, insufficient results due to premature specimen failures. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study should contribute to the development of the fracture toughness test as a method for assessing the integrity of the dentine-composite interface. The interfacial fracture toughness test determined significant differences among the different dentine bonding agents and between the superficial and deep dentine substrates. The dentine bonding agents showed significantly reduced interfacial fracture toughness results when bonding to deep versus superficial dentine. <2> UI - 97318423 AU - Geurtsen W AU - Schoeler U IN - Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University Hannover, Germany. TI - A 4-year retrospective clinical study of Class I and Class II composite restorations. SO - Journal of Dentistry 1997 May-Jul;25(3-4):229-32 AB - OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the longevity and quality of Class I and Class II resin composite (Herculite XR) restorations placed in private practice. METHODS: One thousand two hundred and nine Class I and Class II composite restorations with margins in enamel were evaluated clinically after periods of between 12 months and 4.5 years in clinical service by two calibrated examiners using a modified version of established criteria. RESULTS: Of the restorations investigated 94.8% were rated as 'good' (Alpha 79.3%) or 'clinically acceptable' (Bravo 15.5%). Significantly more restorations in premolar teeth were rated as Alpha (82%) than in permanent molar teeth (77%). The survival rate after 4 years was around 87%. The 50% survival-time, calculated by extrapolation according to Weibull, was approximately 9 years. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the composite investigated is an appropriate material for the restoration of Class I and Class II lesions with margins located in enamel in premolar and permanent molar teeth. <3> UI - 97318422 AU - Smales RJ AU - Hawthorne WS IN - University of Hong Kong, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong. TI - Long-term survival of extensive amalgams and posterior crowns. SO - Journal of Dentistry 1997 May-Jul;25(3-4):225-7 AB - OBJECTIVES: There is very little information available from private dental practices on the comparative survivals of extensive posterior amalgam restorations and posterior crowns placed in the same patient population. Therefore, the present retrospective study examined the performance of such restorations at three long-established Adelaide city practices. METHODS: Life-table survival estimates were generated for 160 extensive amalgams, 96 cast gold crowns and 174 ceramometal crowns. The restorations were placed by 20 dentists at various times in 100 patients who attended the practices on a regular basis for around 25 years on average. RESULTS: There were no significant differences found in the survival times for both types of crowns, with around 70% still being present at 20 years. However, the median survival time for the extensive amalgams was much lower, at 14.6 years. Despite these differences in survival times, the extensive amalgam restorations survived for longer than is usually expected. CONCLUSION: In this present study, the survival findings have implications for the most cost-effective dental treatments of large lesions in posterior teeth. <4> UI - 97270828 AU - Liebenberg WH TI - Direct-indirect resin restoration: a case report of acceptable compromise. [Review] [55 refs] SO - Journal / Canadian Dental Association. Journal de l Association Dentaire Canadienne 1997 Apr;63(4):265-72 AB - A specifically-formulated, fast-setting die material has made it possible to fabricate and insert indirect resin restorations in one appointment. This case report describes a modification to an existing, newly-released one-appointment resin inlay-onlay technique for the chairside fabrication of indirect composite resin restorations. Using this technique, large occlusal load-bearing extracoronal composite resin restorations can be constructed economically. Although the prognosis for extensive posterior composite resin restorations remains guarded, the modified procedure is a realistic option for financially-compromised patients who request tooth colored restorations. [References: 55] <5> UI - 97173997 AU - Malt UF AU - Nerdrum P AU - Oppedal B AU - Gundersen R AU - Holte M AU - Lone J IN - Department of Psychosomatic and Behavioural Medicine, National Hospital, Oslo, Norway. TI - Physical and mental problems attributed to dental amalgam fillings: a descriptive study of 99 self-referred patients compared with 272 controls. SO - Psychosomatic Medicine 1997 Jan-Feb;59(1):32-41 AB - OBJECTIVE: The physical and mental symptomatology of 99 self-referred patients complaining of multiple somatic and mental symptoms attributed to dental amalgam fillings were compared with patients with known chronic medical disorders seen in alternative (N = 93) and ordinary (N = 99) medical family practices and patients with dental amalgam fillings (N = 80) seen in an ordinary dental practice. METHOD: The assessments included written self-reports, a 131-item somatic symptom checklist; Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire, and Toronto Alexithymia Scale. RESULTS: The dental amalgam sample reported significantly more physical symptoms from all body regions. Self-reports suggested that 62% suffered from a chronic anxiety disorder (generalized anxiety disorder or panic). Forty-seven percent suffered from a major depression compared with 14% in the two clinical-comparison samples and none in the dental control sample. Symptoms suggesting somatization disorder were found in 29% of the dental amalgam sample compared with only one subject in the 272 comparison subjects. One third of the dental amalgam patients reported symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome compared with none in the dental control sample and only 2 and 6%, respectively, in the two clinical comparison samples. The dental amalgam group reported higher mean neuroticism and lower lie scores than the comparison groups. CONCLUSION: Self-referred patients with health complaints attributed to dental amalgam are a heterogeneous group of patients who suffer multiple symptoms and frequently have mental disorders. There is a striking similarity with the multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome. <6> UI - 97237100 AU - Mjor IA IN - Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. TI - The reasons for replacement and the age of failed restorations in general dental practice. SO - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 1997 Jan;55(1):58-63 AB - A cross-sectional survey among practitioners in Sweden treating adult patients was initiated to record the reasons for replacement of composite, amalgam, and glass ionomer restorations and to compare the findings with those obtained about 16 years ago. The age of the failed restorations was also recorded. The clinical diagnosis of secondary caries was the main reason for the replacement of all three types of restorations. The diagnosis was significantly higher for amalgam restorations than for composite and glass ionomer restorations. No statistically significant differences could be found in the diagnosis of secondary caries between composite and glass ionomer restorations. Major changes in the reasons for replacement of composite restorations were noted by comparing the present results with those from 16 years ago. A notable difference was seen with regard to a decrease in the relative frequency of replacements due to composite degradation/wear and an increase in the replacements due to bulk and marginal fractures. The reasons for replacement of amalgam restorations had remained much the same over the 16 years. The report that half the glass ionomer restorations replaced had the diagnosis secondary caries was by far the most surprising result. The age of the failed restorations were reported for a limited number of restorations. The median age was about 6 years for composite, almost 9 years for amalgam, and just more than 3 years for glass ionomer restorations. <7> UI - 97237095 AU - Peltola JS AU - Wolf J AU - Mannik A AU - Russak S AU - Seedre T AU - Sirkel M AU - Vink M IN - Department of Dental Radiology, University of Helsinki, Finland. TI - Radiographic findings in the teeth and jaws of 14- to 17-year-old Estonian schoolchildren in Tartu and Tallinn. SO - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 1997 Jan;55(1):31-5 AB - Panoramic radiographs were taken of 392 Estonian schoolchildren (33% boys and 67% girls) aged 14-17 years, 197 in Tartu and 195 in Tallinn. The mean number of permanent teeth was 31.5. In 14% of the children one to four teeth (excluding wisdom teeth) were missing. The frequencies of missing wisdom teeth and supernumerary teeth agreed with those in the literature, being 17% and 3%, respectively. The mean number of radiographically detected carious teeth was 1.9 in Tartu and 3.3 in Tallinn. Secondary caries was common, being found radiographically in half of the schoolchildren. Endodontic treatment had been given to 13% of the subjects in Tartu and to 46% in Tallinn, the success rates being 47% and 44%, respectively. The percentage of radiographic signs in the mandibular condyles of girls (5%) was greater than that of the boys (1%). Changes in the maxillary sinuses were found in 16% of the children. Eight odontogenic cysts, one cyst of the incisal canal, and one solitary bone cyst were found. Tumors included two odontomas, two cemento-ossifying lesions, and one osteoma in the maxillary sinus. The health status of the jaws of the Estonian schoolchildren was considered to be fairly good. <8> UI - 97271484 AU - Nieschmidt AK AU - Kim ND IN - Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. TI - Effects of mercury release from amalgam dental restorations during cremation on soil mercury levels of three New Zealand crematoria. SO - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 1997 May;58(5):744-51 <9> UI - 97299364 AU - Mjor IA AU - Burke FJ AU - Wilson NH IN - College of Dentistry, University of Florida, USA. TI - The relative cost of different restorations in the UK. SO - British Dental Journal 1997 Apr 26;182(8):286-9 <10> UI - 97202388 AU - Hamid A AU - Hume WR IN - Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, USA. TI - The effect of dentine thickness on diffusion of resin monomers in vitro. SO - Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 1997 Jan;24(1):20-5 AB - Forty extracted human third molar teeth were divided into four groups, each of 10 teeth, to test the hypothesis that dentine thickness variation influences diffusion of the monomers 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) from light-cured bonding resin-composite resin restorations to the pulp space. An occlusal cavity 6 mm in diameter was prepared in each tooth of four groups with remaining dentine thickness of 3.4-3.6, 2.4-2.6, 1.4-1.6 and 0.4-0.6 mm, respectively. A polypropylene chamber was attached to the cemento-enamel junction of each tooth to contain 1 mL of distilled water. Each cavity was treated with Scotchbond Multipurpose (3 M, U.S.A.) then restored with Z100 (3 M) and light activated for 30 s. Water samples were retrieved over a time course up to 30 days and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. Both HEMA and TEGDMA were detected in the pulp samples for all teeth. Decreasing dentine thickness substantially increased pulpward diffusion rate of both HEMA and TEGDMA during the first day after placement, as well as the total release of both components from a bonding resin-composite combination in vitro. <11> UI - 97218791 AU - Belcher MA AU - Stewart GP IN - School of Dental Medicine, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Southern Illinois University, Alton 62002, USA. TI - Two-year clinical evaluation of an amalgam adhesive. SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1997 Mar;128(3):309-14 AB - This study compared the clinical effectiveness of an amalgam adhesive as the principal mode of retention for large, complex amalgam restorations with traditional pin-retained amalgams. Restorations were evaluated for retention and reinforcement, postoperative sensitivity, marginal adaptation and recurrent decay. At the end of two years, all restorations were completely retained and rated Alfa for each of the parameters evaluated. An amalgam adhesive proved clinically effective as a suitable alternative to pin retention. <12> UI - 97233715 AU - Hawthorne WS AU - Smales RJ IN - Dental Section, 6 Hospital, Laverton, Victoria. TI - Factors influencing long-term restoration survival in three private dental practices in Adelaide. SO - Australian Dental Journal 1997 Feb;42(1):59-63 AB - Very little is known of dentist and patient factors which may influence the survival or longevity of dental restorative materials placed in private practices. The present retrospective study investigated during 1992 the effects of six factors on the long-term survivals of five types of restorations placed by 20 male dentists in 100 adult patients, at 3 selected Adelaide dental practices. There were no significant effects on restoration survival from change, of dentist, and generally only one or two types of restorations had their survivals influenced significantly either by dental practice location, or by patient age, frequency of patient attendance, experience of dentist, and whether or not the restorations were replacements during the study period. Restoration survival was not influenced significantly by whether, or not, any replacements were made by the dentist who placed the initial restorations. The median survival times for amalgams were 22.52 years, resin composites 16.72 years, castings 13.75 years, and crowns an estimated 26 years. For glass-ionomers, 75 per cent were still present at 11.25 years. <13> UI - 97114188 AU - Rudolphy MP AU - Gorter Y AU - van Loveren C AU - Poorterman JH AU - van Amerongen JP IN - Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Academic Centre of Dentistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. TI - Progression of radiopacities and radiolucencies under amalgam restorations on bite-wing radiographs. SO - Caries Research 1997;31(1):19-23 AB - Radiolucent and radiopaque areas in the dentine under amalgam fillings represent demineralized tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate whether caries progresses in radiolucent and radiopaque areas under amalgam fillings, by assessing their enlargement longitudinally on bite-wing radiographs. Bite-wings from dentitions of persons aged 17, 20 and 23 years were compared. For a 3-year evaluation, 365 teeth with class I and class II amalgam restorations were available on bite-wings; 16 radiopacities, 46 radiolucencies and 28 combinations could be followed longitudinally. All radiopacities remained the same size, 14 radiolucencies enlarged and 8 combinations enlarged. For a 6-year evaluation, 236 filled teeth were available; 10 radiopacities, 30 radiolucencies and 11 combinations could be compared longitudinally. All radiopacities remained the same size, 12 radiolucencies enlarged and 6 combinations enlarged. Because the radiopaque areas had not enlarged visibly on bite-wing radiographs over 3 or even 6 years, it was concluded that radiopacities may be non-progressing caries. A substantial number of radiolucent areas, with or without concomitant radiopacities, did not enlarge while radiolucent areas are considered as progressing caries. <14> UI - 97114189 AU - Rudolphy MP AU - Gorter Y AU - van Loveren C AU - van Amerongen JP IN - Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), The Netherlands. TI - Validity of radiographs for diagnosis of secondary caries in teeth with class II amalgam restorations in vitro. SO - Caries Research 1997;31(1):24-9 AB - In the present in vitro study, the validity was determined of bite-wing radiographs for the diagnosis of secondary caries in approximal parts of teeth with class II amalgam restorations in vitro. The study was performed on 47 molars and 49 premolars providing 68 and 69 filled approximal surfaces, respectively. The teeth were radiographed in a buccolingual direction to obtain images comparable to bite-wings. Radiolucencies and radio-opacities were scored as caries. Subsequently the teeth were sectioned (700 microns) in transverse or sagittal direction and then the sections were radiographed. Validation was performed against these radiographs of sections, on which also radiolucencies and radio-opacities were scored. Statistical analysis of the results revealed significant differences between the validity parameters for molars and premolars, being for sensitivity 73 and 80%, respectively, for specificity 90 and 95%, for positive predictive value 95 and 92%, and for negative predictive value 58 and 86%. For molars, the results did not differ significantly from the results of our previous study on caries diagnosis in teeth with occlusal fillings. The present experiment showed that bite-wing radiographs are useful for the diagnosis of secondary caries under approximal parts of class II amalgam restorations, just as for secondary caries diagnosis adjacent to class I restorations. <15> UI - 97176800 AU - Shugars DA AU - Hayden WJ Jr AU - Crall JJ AU - Scurria MS IN - Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7450, USA. dshugars.dentce@mhs.unc.edu TI - Variation in the use of crowns and their alternatives. SO - Journal of Dental Education 1997 Jan;61(1):22-8 AB - The use of crowns and their alternatives for the restoration of compromised posterior teeth is of interest to educators, purchasers, and patients. Considerable curricular time is devoted to learning these techniques, substantial amounts of money are spent on these procedures, and differences in the outcomes of these treatments may have consequences for tooth survival. To begin to understand more about the actual use of these procedures, the provision rates of these services in a sample of U.S. dental practices were examined. This study reports on the extent to which utilization patterns and subsequent costs of crowns and their alternatives were associated with certain patient and practice characteristics. Insurance claims for dental services submitted by general dental practices through an electronic claims clearinghouse were used. Crown ratios (crowns/crowns plus alternatives) were calculated for dental practices to evaluate relationships with available explanatory variables. Findings indicated that older patients were significantly more likely to receive crowns than those in younger groups, resulting in as much as a 33 percent increase in the mean per tooth cost of treatment in the oldest group. Regional variation existed in the provision of crowns and resulted in up to a 31 percent difference in the mean per tooth treatment cost between regions. Crown ratios exhibited variation beyond that accounted for by patient and practice factors, thus raising questions about the consistency of treatment recommendations among dentists. These findings support the need to examine further the consistency of crown use among general dentists and to modify current approaches for teaching treatment planning in predoctoral restorative curricula. <16> UI - 97181648 AU - Millar BJ AU - Robinson PB AU - Inglis AT IN - Department of Conservative Dentistry, King's Dental Institute, London. TI - Clinical evaluation of an anterior hybrid composite resin over 8 years. SO - British Dental Journal 1997 Jan 11;182(1):26-30 AB - AIM: To evaluate the performance of an anterior hybrid composite resin restorative material (Opalux). DESIGN: Single-centre clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Scores were obtained based on USPHS criteria for marginal adaptation, anatomic form, colour match, surface roughness and marginal discolouration. INTERVENTIONS: The restorative material was evaluated in suitable cavities in 24 patients (12 male, 12 female). Ethical permission and consent were obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline data was collected on 44 restorations (25 Class III, 3 Class IV, 16 Class V) and reviewed independently by two of the three clinicians who contributed to the study who then reached a consensus score. Restorations were reviewed and scored in the same way at 3 months and 1, 2, 3 and 8 years. RESULTS: The total number of alpha ratings at baseline and review (3 months and 1, 2, 3 and 8 years) appointments for the following parameters were: marginal adaptation (33, 28, 29, 27, 12, 17), anatomic form (39, 30, 32, 26, 17, 15), surface roughness (34, 26, 24, 23, 11, 4), colour match (24, 25, 26, 24, 15, 12) and marginal discolouration (39, 31, 30, 25, 10, 9). The incidence of secondary caries was very low. Life table analysis suggests a 73% survival, with no scores below B, at 8 years. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of these restorations continued to perform satisfactorily. Although this particular material is no longer available, these results may be applicable to currently available similar materials. <17> UI - 98181358 AU - Owens BM IN - Department of General Dentistry, University of Tennessee, College of Dentistry, Memphis, USA. TI - Initial placement and replacement of amalgam restorations: a retrospective review. [Review] [17 refs] SO - Journal of the Tennessee Dental Association 1996 Oct;76(4):37-9 AB - Restorative dentistry comprises a large amount of dental treatment. There is subjectivity among dentists concerning the reasons for initial placement and replacement of amalgam restorations. Different instructional methods and learned experiences while in private practice has much to do with this subjectivity even though, specific criteria have been established for standardization of initial placement and replacement of amalgam restorations. There are many reasons for the failure of amalgam restorations. Recurrent caries and material/tooth interface defects have been and are among the leading reasons for replacement. There are also differences in opinion among dentists concerning diagnosis of primary carious lesions. [References: 17] <18> UI - 98183178 AU - Peters TC AU - Roeters JJ AU - Frankenmolen FW IN - Faculty of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, South Australia. TI - Clinical evaluation of Dyract in primary molars: 1-year results. SO - American Journal of Dentistry 1996 Apr;9(2):83-8 AB - PURPOSE: To evaluate the 1-year clinical performance of Dyract in primary molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 55 children (aged 4-9 years) received 1-3 restorations (n = 91) utilizing Dyract, a new restorative material combining properties of both glass ionomers and composites. RESULTS: The so-called compomer material showed good handling characteristics and a survival rate of 97% after 1 year. Nevertheless, the material demonstrated an average wear of 190 microns during 1 year, with 67% of the restorations having occlusal wear of less than 200 microns. The combination of a low failure rate and the ease of application makes the compomer material very suitable for application in the primary dentition. <19> UI - 98229293 AU - Howard NY TI - Achieving predictable results with posterior inlays and onlays. [Review] [8 refs] SO - Dentistry Today 1996 May;15(5):76, 78, 80-1 <20> UI - 98229304 AU - Freedman G IN - Postgraduate Programs in Aesthetic Dentistry, SUNY Buffalo, USA. TI - Fifth-generation bonding systems. Predictable posterior composite restorations. SO - Dentistry Today 1996 Dec;15(11):68, 70, 72 passim <21> UI - 98207519 AU - Hamid A AU - Sutton W AU - Hume WR IN - Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0758, USA. TI - Variation in phosphoric acid concentration and treatment time and HEMA diffusion through dentin. SO - American Journal of Dentistry 1996 Oct;9(5):211-4 AB - PURPOSE: The effects of phosphoric acid concentration and time of dentin treatment on the movement of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) from a bonding resin-resin composite combination through dentin were investigated in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Freshly extracted human third molar teeth were divided into seven groups each of 10 teeth. A closed chamber was attached to the CEJ of each tooth to contain 1 ml distilled water. An occlusal cavity of 6 mm diameter and remaining dentin thickness of 1.0-1.5 mm was prepared in each tooth. Dentin was treated with either 10% phosphoric acid for 15, 30 or 60 seconds or with 37% phosphoric acid for 15, 30 or 60 seconds. A control group not treated with acid was also prepared. The cavities were rinsed, dried and then treated with the HEMA-containing Scotchbond Multi-Purpose bonding resin which was light-cured for 10 seconds. The cavities were then restored with Z100 and light-cured for 30 seconds. Water samples were retrieved from the chambers over a time course (4.32, 14.4, 43.2, 144 & 432 minutes; 1, 3 and 10 days) and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: HEMA was detected in the pulp chambers of all teeth from 4.32 minutes after resin placement. Mean total (cumulative) release at 10 days for all groups was in the 2-4 mumol range. The highest HEMA diffusion rate was 4.32 minutes after placement and were in the range 6-13 times greater than control in the 10%-15 seconds, 10%-30 seconds, 10%-60 seconds, 37%-15 seconds, and 37%-30 seconds groups. Unexpectedly, by far the lowest early rate at 4.32 minutes was in the 37%-60 seconds group (0.6 times of no-acid control). <22> UI - 98207517 AU - Smales RJ AU - Lee YK AU - Lo FW AU - Tse CC AU - Chung MS IN - Department of Conservative Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, University of Hong Kong. TI - Handling and clinical performance of a glass ionomer sealant. SO - American Journal of Dentistry 1996 Oct;9(5):203-5 AB - PURPOSE: To compare the handling and 6-month clinical performance of an experimental resin-modified glass ionomer cement (K-512 = Fuji III LC) with that of a light-cured resin-based sealant (Delton Opaque) when used as a pit and fissure sealant in 15-27 year old subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with 65 cement and 55 resin-based sealants were recalled after 6 months for clinical examination and color photographs. RESULTS: Sealant retention failures requiring retreatment were 74% for the glass ionomer cement sealant and 11% for the resin-based sealant, with one instance of fissure caries being found for each material. The resin-modified glass ionomer cement sealant showed a slight darkening from its initial placement, and was also more difficult to handle than the resin-based sealant. <23> UI - 98207515 AU - van Dijken JW IN - Department of Cariology, Dental School Umea, Umea University, Sweden. TI - 3-year clinical evaluation of a compomer, a resin-modified glass ionomer and a resin composite in Class III restorations. SO - American Journal of Dentistry 1996 Oct;9(5):195-8 AB - PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare intra-individually a polyacid-modified resin composite, commonly called compomer (Dyract), a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RM GIC)(Fuji II LC) and a resin composite (Pekafill) in Class III cavities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 50 patients, 154 Class III restorations were placed. Most patients received one of each of the experimental materials. At baseline, 6 months, 1, 2 and 3 years the restorations were evaluated by slightly modified USPHS criteria. RESULTS: At 3 years, 152 restorations were evaluated. Two restorations were replaced, one due to fracture and one due to secondary caries. The resin composite showed significantly better color match. A slight but still acceptable color shift and increased surface roughness was seen for the RM GIC. The compomer and the resin composite performed significantly better than the RM GIC. No postoperative sensitivity was reported and no loss of vitality was seen after use of the three different total etch techniques. <24> UI - 98207514 AU - Osborne JW AU - Summitt JB IN - Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA. TI - 2-year clinical evaluation of a gallium restorative alloy. SO - American Journal of Dentistry 1996 Oct;9(5):191-4 AB - PURPOSE: To assess the clinical performance of 2-year old gallium alloy restorations. Parameters evaluated include: (1) fracture at the margins, (2) tarnish, (3) surface roughness, (4) tooth fracture, (5) fracture through the body of the restoration, and (6) any medical or dental conditions arising during the study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine patients received 30 Class I restorations of Galloy gallium alloy. These were placed as conservatively as possible under a rubber dam. Fifteen of the preparations were lined with a Bis-GMA resin to seal the restoration from moisture. The other 15 preparations were sealed with Amalgambond. After placement of the gallium alloy, the exposed surfaces of all restorations were sealed with the Bis-GMA resin, and the occlusion was checked. The restorations were examined at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. RESULTS: At the 2-year recall, all restorations were intact with the exception of one tooth fracture (cause unknown). Forty-five percent of the restorations exhibited tarnish and 60% had a rough surface. The fracture at the margins of these restorations was minimal, and no significant difference could be found between those using Amalgambond and those sealed with the resin system. No medical problems were reported by the patients, and postoperative sensitivity was minimal. <25> UI - 98145163 AU - Doukoudakis S IN - National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Operative Dentistry, Greece. TI - Establishing approximal contacts in Class 2 composite resin restorations. SO - Operative Dentistry 1996 Sep-Oct;21(5):182-4 AB - Ensuring adequate approximal contacts when performing class 2 composite resin restorations is a significant challenge for the dentist. Fabrication of custom composite cylinders for placement into prepared cavity preparations enables the dentist to wedge the matrix band firmly against adjacent teeth, as well as eliminating the curing contraction variable that occurs when composite restorations are placed. Thus, predictable approximal contacts are obtained when class 2 composite restorations are completed. <26> UI - 98123607 AU - Calamia JR IN - Division of Restorative and Prosthodontic Sciences, New York University, USA. TI - The current status of etched porcelain veneer restorations. [Review] [12 refs] SO - Journal of the Philippine Dental Association 1996 Mar-May;47(4):35-41 AB - Since its introduction 10 years ago, the etched porcelain veneer restoration has performed exceedingly well. The union of etched porcelain, composite resin cement, and etched enamel has proven over this time to be an exceptionally durable and highly esthetic restoration. The author has placed more than 5,000 etched porcelain veneer restorations over the past 10 years, but has had to replace less than two percent of these restorations because of clinical failure. If properly constructed and placed, this restoration, has the potential to survive the hostile oral environment at least as long as any other dental restoration if not longer. This restoration should now be considered the modality of choice for many conditions that might previously have been treated with full coverage or direct composite bonding. [References: 12] <27> UI - 98114767 AU - Oleinisky JC AU - Baratieri LN AU - Ritter AV AU - Felipe LA AU - de Freitas SF IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, School of Dentistry, Florianopolis, Brazil. TI - Influence of finishing and polishing procedures on the decision to replace old amalgam restorations: an in vitro study. SO - Quintessence International 1996 Dec;27(12):833-40 AB - The purpose of this study was to establish the influence that finishing and polishing of existing amalgam restorations might have on the decision to replace them. Forty extracted teeth, in which amalgam restorations had been placed in vivo, were individually examined by 60 practitioners and students prior to and following standard finishing and polishing procedures. Examiners, who had not been informed of the study's methodology or objective, opted either for maintaining or replacing the restoration in question. The main reasons for replacement were also registered. Finishing and polishing significantly reduced the number of decisions to replace restorations in all groups and for all practitioners. "Appearance" (anatomic shape) was the most frequently cited reason for replacing restorations before finishing and polishing, followed by marginal defects and secondary caries. <28> UI - 98114762 AU - Wood M AU - Kern M AU - Thompson VP AU - Romberg E IN - Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Dental School 21201, USA. TI - Ten-year clinical and microscopic evaluation of resin-bonded restorations. SO - Quintessence International 1996 Dec;27(12):803-7 AB - A clinical recall was conducted for 103 patients who were functioning with resin-bonded restorations for approximately 10 years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate marginal adaptation of the cast metal retainers. Following clinical evaluations, replicas of incisal and occlusal margins were examined in the scanning electron microscope to determine marginal separation and microscopic patterns of the resin composite interface between metal and tooth. Anterior abutments exhibited better clinical adaptation and fewer voids and debonds than did posterior abutments. Larger microscopic marginal separations were associated with those retainers that had clinically detectable voids or defects. <29> UI - 98114761 AU - Liebenberg WH TI - Tinted luting resin for partial-coverage restorations: a case report of a new provisionalization technique. SO - Quintessence International 1996 Dec;27(12):793-801 AB - A number of practical problems may be encountered when a dentist attempts to provisionalize an indirect restoration. Problems that relate to provisional restorations for conservative, less retentive, ceramic cavity forms are discussed. A provisionalization technique that improves marginal integrity, assures predictable retention, and facilitates cleanup following detachment is introduced. <30> UI - 97386135 AU - Vanini L TI - Light and color in anterior composite restorations. SO - Practical Periodontics & Aesthetic Dentistry 1996 Sep;8(7):673-82; quiz 684 AB - As defined by physics, color is light. With this premise, this article highlights the importance of the interaction between light and the hard tissues of the tooth as compared to the interaction between light and composite restorative materials. Based on the philosophy of color interpretation and its subsequent practical application in the development of a fluorescent and opalescent microhybrid composite system, the protocol outlined allows the clinician to achieve restorations with a light/composite interaction that closely resembles that of light/natural dentition. The learning objective of this article is to present specific diagnostic techniques to establish predictable identification and reproduction of the natural anatomy and nuance color characteristics exhibited by natural dentition with composite resin. A detailed evaluation of hue, chroma, opalescence, and fluorescence are presented in order to simplify the composite stratification technique. <31> UI - 97386132 AU - Fahl Junior N TI - The direct/indirect composite resin veneers: a case report. SO - Practical Periodontics & Aesthetic Dentistry 1996 Sep;8(7):627-38; quiz 640 AB - Veneer restorations are well suited for conservative and aesthetic improvement of the anterior dentition. Laboratory fabricated porcelain and composite resin veneers present optimal aesthetics and durability. Although there are disadvantages associated with direct bonding, it provides control of color and contour for the operator, particularly in the case of a single anterior central incisor. Direct/indirect composite resin veneers utilize the advantages of both direct and indirect techniques in reconstruction of restorations with improved physical properties. The learning objective of this article is to review the available composite resins, opaquers, and tints, and present a step-by-step protocol for predictable restoration of discolored anterior dentition with direct/indirect heat-treated composite resin veneers in a single appointment. Patient evaluation, preoperative aesthetic considerations, selection of the restorative composite resins, and the clinical procedure are discussed. <32> UI - 97342453 AU - Rud J AU - Rud V AU - Munksgaard EC IN - Dental Clinic, University Hospital Copenhagen, Denmark. TI - Retrograde root filling with dentin-bonded modified resin composite. SO - Journal of Endodontics 1996 Sep;22(9):477-80 AB - A retrograde root-end cover with a special resin composite (Retroplast) combined with the dentin bonding agent Gluma (Bayer AG) has been used since 1984 by the authors. Its content of silver, added to promote radiopacity, has been found to lower the working time and storage stability of the composite and might cause discolorations. Since 1990, silver has therefore been replaced with ytterbium trifluoride, which eliminates these side effects. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical results obtained with these two resin composites and to evaluate the healing results after several years in function. Apical fillings (351) with the modified Retroplast showed the following radiographic healing pattern 1 yr after surgery: 80% complete healing, 2% scar tissue, 12% uncertain healing, and 6% failure. No significant difference in this healing pattern was found, compared with that obtained with the silver-containing Retroplast. Cases with ytterbium trifluoride classified as scar tissue and uncertain healing at 1 yr when examined at 2 to 4 yr postoperatively showed 89% complete healing. 0% scar tissue, 1% uncertain healing, and 9% failure. This result is significantly different from that obtained 1 yr after surgery. Based on calculations, it was predicted that with time 90% will become complete healing, whereas 10% will become failure. <33> UI - 97324300 AU - King NM AU - Yung LK AU - Holmgren CJ IN - Department of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong. TI - Clinical performance of preventive resin restorations placed in a hospital environment. SO - Quintessence International 1996 Sep;27(9):627-32 AB - This study was conducted retrospectively to evaluate the clinical performance of preventive resin restorations. Five hundred thirty-two restorations in 351 patients had been in the mouth for a mean of 16.5 %/- 7.6 months. The clinical performance was determined with a modified version of the US Public Health Service rating system. In 79.9% of the restorations, the marginal discoloration was rated as Alfa (no discoloration), while only 0.9% were scored as Charlie (discoloration penetrating in a pulpal direction). The marginal adaptation was rated as Oscar (fully sealed) in 28.4% of restorations; in only 0.4% of restorations, rated as Charlie or Delta, was the dentin or base exposed. In 98.3% of the restorations evaluated, the anatomic form was rated as Alfa (continuous with existing anatomic form). Recurrent caries was associated with 2.3% of the restorations. Chi-squared tests failed to reveal any statistically significant relationships between the clinical performance of the restorations and the length of time in the mouth. <34> UI - 97314915 AU - de la Macorra JC AU - Gomez-Fernandez S IN - Departamento Odontologia Conservadora, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. TI - Quantification of the configuration factor in Class I and II cavities and simulated cervical erosions. SO - European Journal of Prosthodontics & Restorative Dentistry 1996 Mar;4(1):29-33 AB - The configuration factor of adhesive cavities is defined as the ratio of the restoration's bonded to unbonded (free) surfaces. Such a configuration factor was described, on ideal cavities, as having a potential value in predicting the behaviour of the restorations, because it is related to the restoration's capacity for relieving stress by flow. The aim of this study was to measure the configuration factor value for real Class I and II cavities and simulated cervical erosions prepared in molars. Ten Class I, five Class II cavities and seven cervical erosions were analysed using a computerised digitising system. The configuration factor values found were 4.03 +/- 0.33 for Class I cavities, 1.85 +/- 0.59 for Class II cavities and 1.10 +/- 0.09 for simulated cervical erosions (P < 0.01). <35> UI - 97304990 AU - Liebenberg WH TI - Use of resin-bonded partial coverage ceramic restorations to treat incomplete fractures in posterior teeth: a clinical report. SO - Quintessence International 1996 Nov;27(11):739-47 AB - The objective of restorative treatment of teeth with incomplete fractures is to minimize flexure of the compromised cusps to prevent propagation of the crack. These goals can be addressed with resin-bonded posterior ceramic restorations, but long-term integrity rests on the efficiency of the restoration's bond to the dental hard tissues. Success is dependent on diligent operative performance throughout the entire procedure. Some tips for achieving successful preparation, provisionalization, and partial-coverage restoration of the incompletely fractured posterior tooth are discussed. <36> UI - 97304988 AU - Croll TP IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, USA. TI - The quintessential sealant?. SO - Quintessence International 1996 Nov;27(11):729-32 AB - A method of placing a reinforced resin-bonded sealant is described. When the beneficial properties of resin-bonded sealants are combined with those of preventive resin restorations, the outcome is perhaps the "quintessential sealant." <37> UI - 97304932 AU - Bimstein E AU - Zaidenberg R AU - Soskolne AW IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hebrew University, Faculty of Dentistry-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel. bimstein@cc.huji.ac.il TI - Alveolar bone loss and restorative dentistry in the primary molars. SO - Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 1996 Fall;21(1):51-4 AB - This study examined the relationship between the status of the interproximal alveolar bone and the nature of the adjacent proximal surfaces in the primary molar area. In bite wing radiographs of 354 children, aged 6 to 9 years, 5091 sites were examined; 72.7% of the sites were adjacent to intact proximal surfaces, 14.2% to untreated proximal carious surfaces, and 13.0% to restored proximal surfaces. Marginal alveolar bone loss (ABL) was evident in 26.8% of the children, at 4.0% of the sites. Two thirds of the children with ABL had bone defects in more than 1 site. Males had a significantly higher mean number of sites affected with marginal ABL, per child, than females (mean = 2.4, SE = 0.2 and mean = 1.8, SE = 0.2 respectively). ABL was found adjacent to: 0.8% of the intact surfaces; 16.9% of the carious surfaces; 7.8% of the restored surfaces; 1.8% and 53.8% of the sites without or with proximal contact loss respectively; 3.8% and 30.8% of the sites with or without an adequate amalgam restoration respectively; 4.9% and 25.8% of the sites with an adequate or inadequate crown restoration respectively. The differences in distribution of marginal alveolar bone loss were highly significant (Chi square analysis, p = < 0.0001) for sites with intact, carious or restored sites, and for the presence or absence of contact loss, adequate amalgam or adequate crown. <38> UI - 97218545 AU - Holst A IN - Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden. TI - A 3-year clinical evaluation of Ketac-Silver restorations in primary molars. SO - Swedish Dental Journal 1996;20(6):209-14 AB - Occlusal and proximal caries lesions in primary molars in 4-7-yr-old children with a high caries activity were restored with a cermet, Ketac Silver. Slice prepared proximal surfaces were restored with one surface restorations. A total number of 119 restorations were available for evaluation. Fiftysix percent of the restorations included two or more tooth-surfaces. The restorations were evaluated 1 yr, 2 yrs and 3 yrs after placement using the USPHS criteria. The percentage of successful and acceptable restorations was 66% after 1 yr, 56% after 2 yrs and 46% after 3 yrs. Three year after placement 27% of the restorations showed severe abrasion into the dentin or were lost, 10% showed poor margin adaption or were fractured. Slightly more than 8% showed deep margin discoloration and the same amount showed secondary caries lesions. There was a general trend toward poor results as both the size of the restoration and the number of surfaces per tooth restored increased. The results indicate that Ketac-Silver is not useful for restorations in primary molars especially not for large restorations in caries active children. <39> UI - 96429984 AU - Fontana M AU - Dunipace AJ AU - Gregory RL AU - Noblitt TW AU - Li Y AU - Park KK AU - Stookey GK IN - Oral Health Research Institute, Indianapolis, Ind., USA. TI - An in vitro microbial model for studying secondary caries formation. SO - Caries Research 1996;30(2):112-8 AB - Secondary caries is a major reason for the replacement of restorations. Because it is hypothesized that the development of secondary caries is closely associated with pathogenic oral bacteria, an in vitro microbial model has been developed to produce secondary carious lesions. A mixture of overnight cultures of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei in dextrose-free trypticase soy broth, supplemented with 5% sucrose (TSBS), at 37 degrees C was used in this model as the inoculum for the experimental groups. Uninoculated control groups were incubated with medium only. Groups of human tooth specimens restored using composite, together with their respective controls, were exposed for 7 or 12 days to circulating cycles of TSBS (30 min each, 3 times per day) and a mineral wash solution (for a total of 22.5 h per day), at 37 degrees C. The pH of the experimental groups dropped to 4.l-4.5 during the test periods. The pH of the control groups remained at 6.8-7.0. The inoculated bacteria remained viable throughout the study. No contamination of experimental or control samples occurred. Laser scanning confocal microscopy demonstrated the development of incipient surface and wall lesions in all the specimens of experimental groups in as few as 7 days. Reproducibility of the model was confirmed in a second investigation. Therefore, it was concluded that this model can be used for studying the microbial etiology and prevention of secondary caries. <40> UI - 97055392 AU - Thilmann C AU - Adamietz IA AU - Ramm U AU - Rahn R AU - Mose S AU - Saran F AU - Bottcher HD IN - Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, J.W. Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt, Germany. TI - In vivo dose increase in the presence of dental alloys during 60Co-gamma-ray therapy of the oral cavity. SO - Medical Dosimetry 1996 Fall;21(3):149-54 AB - During irradiation of the mouth cavity, dental metallic materials emit secondary electrons and thus increase the applied radiation dose in their vicinity. Therefore, local destruction of the mucous membrane contacting metallic dental crowns and fillings may be observed. Available data on this dose increase are based on measurements with beam arrangements perpendicular to the metallic surface. Since the dose modification depends on the beam direction in relation to specimen surface, a reliable prediction of dose modification in the close vicinity of dental caps on fillings under complex beam arrangements, as applied in the irradiation of head and neck region from the published data is not possible. Therefore, we measured dose increase in the immediate surrounding of metallic dental material using thermoluminescence dosimetry on the phantom and during routinely applied 60Co gamma ray therapy. Phantom measurements were carried out using several oblique irradiation angles and rotational therapy. In vivo measurements were carried out at alloy specimens containing gold, palladium, and amalgam in six patients and at permanently fixed golden teeth in five patients. In vivo, the following relative dose increase values according to a simultaneously measured reference value were obtained at the surface of different dental materials: 61% for fixed golden caps. 68% for the specimen containing gold, 33% for the specimen of palladium and 61% for the specimen of amalgam. The measured dose increases due to metallic dental material during routinely applied external 60Co beam irradiation are lower compared with those of perpendicular beam arrangements. Although, the extent of dose modification is less than expected, we still advocate protection of the oral mucosa to prevent painful lesion spots. <41> UI - 97253743 AU - Roulet JF AU - Degrange M IN - Humbolt University Berlin (Charite) School of Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics. TI - Inlay restorations. [Review] [78 refs] SO - Journal of the California Dental Association 1996 Sep;24(9):48-62 AB - This encyclopedic article on inlays reviews detailed clinical techniques, the spectrum of inlay materials, and supporting clinical performance data. Clinical recommendations are based on the results of laboratory and much clinical performance research. [References: 78] <42> UI - 97073211 AU - Phantumvanit P AU - Songpaisan Y AU - Pilot T AU - Frencken JE IN - Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Patumtani, Thailand. TI - Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART): a three-year community field trial in Thailand--survival of one-surface restorations in the permanent dentition. SO - Journal of Public Health Dentistry 1996;56(3 Spec No):141-5; discussion 161-3 AB - This study compares the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) technique to conventional amalgam restorations in the management of dental caries. The present report is limited to the results for one-surface restorations in the permanent dentition over a three-year period. A community field trial was carried out in rural villages in northeastern Thailand. Dental caries was treated using the ART technique in one village where 144 persons were treated with 241 restorations. In a second village, 205 conventional amalgam restorations were provided to 138 persons using mobile dental equipment. Both ART and amalgam restorations were performed by one dentist and two dental nurses without administering local anesthesia. Clinical evaluation was carried out one, two, and three years after placement. The longevity of the restorations was determined by computing the estimated cumulative survival rates according to the life table method. The survival rates of ART restorations (93%, 83%, 71% in years one, two, and three, respectively) were close to those for amalgam restorations (98%, 94%, 85%); however, differences were statistically significant. No statistically significant differences were observed between ART restorations in children and adults, or between those placed by the dentist and dental nurses. Survival rates were lower for occlusal surface restorations compared to those in other surfaces. ART is a feasible approach for the management of dental caries, especially for one-surface lesions in the permanent dentition. Because of its simplicity as a minimal intervention technique, ART can make the control of dental caries available to all people irrespective of their economic and living conditions. <43> UI - 97253742 AU - Douglas WH IN - Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Univerisity of Minnesota School of Dentistry, USA. TI - Posterior composites for modern operative dentistry. SO - Journal of the California Dental Association 1996 Sep;24(9):44-7 AB - This paper presents an overview of the role of composite posterior restorations. Composites perform well as a first treatment approach to dental caries and may keep teeth free from recurrent caries. They are less successful when used as replacements for existing amalgam restorations. Use of indirect composite inlays may prevent or delay the additional tooth destruction necessitated by full-coverage restorations. <44> UI - 97237876 AU - Basten CH AU - Ammons WF Jr AU - Persson R IN - Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. TI - Long-term evaluation of root-resected molars: a retrospective study. SO - International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry 1996 Jun;16(3):206-19 AB - Thirty-two consecutively treated patients were included in this study of 49 root-resected molars that were under regular recall of 3 to 6 months for a mean of 11.5 years (2 to 23 years). Treatment modalities for all patients were very similar. Endodontic treatment was conservatively performed prior to resection with maximum preservation of tooth structure. No threaded posts were used. Provisional restorations were in place prior to periodontal therapy (pocket reduction with or without osseous surgery). Most patients were treated with complete-mouth reconstructions. Ninety-two percent of all resected molars survived an average of 12 years. Teeth failed because of recurrent caries or for endodontic and strategic reasons. If proper treatment is rendered periodontically involved molars can be maintained for a long period of time and serve successfully as abutments in complete-mouth restorations. Great care must be taken throughout the whole process of case selection, reevaluation, and endodontic, periodontal, restorative, and maintenance therapies. <45> UI - 97152832 AU - Lonnroth EC AU - Shahnavaz H IN - Department of Human Work Sciences, Lulea University, Sweden. TI - Dental clinics--a burden to environment?. SO - Swedish Dental Journal 1996;20(5):173-81 AB - To estimate environmental burden of mercury from dental clinics, a survey was conducted in 1993 at dental clinics in northern part of Sweden. Factors regarding amalgam separators, maintenance and disposal of collected sludge, age of clinics, cleaning of waste pipes, and sorting and handling of amalgam contaminated products were investigated. The result showed that many were not familiar with maintenance of the amalgam separator. A majority, 68%, were working in clinics older than 10 years, but only 9% reported that waste pipes had been cleaned or changed. Classification of amalgam contaminated products as high-risk and low-risk waste differed a lot, as well as handling of waste products. The result shows that there is need for more information and attention to all individuals working in Dental Care on how to reduce environmental burden of mercury from dental clinics. <46> UI - 97253744 AU - Duret F AU - Preston J AU - Duret B IN - Section of Restorative Imaging, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, USA. TI - Performance of CAD/CAM crown restorations. SO - Journal of the California Dental Association 1996 Sep;24(9):64-71 AB - This research paper documents the current performance of an advanced CAD/CAM system. Patients with CAD/CAM Empress glass-ceramic or Aristee composite machined complete crowns were retrospectively evaluated using U. S. Public Health Service criteria at least two years after placement. The composite restorations had unacceptable wear and surface loss. Development continues. <47> UI - 97253740 AU - Donovan TE AU - Cho GC IN - Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, USA. TI - Materials for conservative posterior restorations. SO - Journal of the California Dental Association 1996 Sep;24(9):32-8 AB - Advantages and disadvantages of amalgam and cast gold restorations are compared to those of new tooth-colored restorations. Success can be achieved using many different types, but the benefits of traditional restorations should not be forgotten. <48> UI - 97152834 AU - Crossner CG AU - Unell L IN - Department of Dentistry, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. TI - A longitudinal study of dental health in a group of Swedish teenagers/young adults from the age of 14 to 25. SO - Swedish Dental Journal 1996;20(5):189-97 AB - 87 participants were followed from the ages of 14 to 25. Data concerning dental caries, gingival status, pocket depth, subgingival calculus, loss of attachment, and regularity of dental care were recorded. During the 11-yr-study-period 16% of the participants did not develop any carious lesions at all, and the average increase in DMFS-value was 0.6 per year. At age 25, about 75% of the subjects had never experienced any manifest carious lesions in incisors or cuspids or on any buccal and lingual surfaces, and 30% had never needed any proximal restorations. Over the study period, gingival inflammation changed from being merely a result of poor oral hygiene to being an indication of initial periodontal disease, and at age 25, 11% showed evidence of loss of marginal bone. The Dental Health was better in females than in males. In general, this sex differences increased in age, and at the age of 19 it had become clinically significant. The good habit of regular dental care reinforced during these 19 years of life was continued by 91% at 25, and no difference could be seen between the care rendered by the Public Dental Health Care system and by Private General Practitioners. <49> UI - 97084255 AU - Sundberg H IN - National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden. hans.sundberg@sos.se TI - Changes in the prevalence of caries in children and adolescents in Sweden 1985-1994. SO - European Journal of Oral Sciences 1996 Aug;104(4 ( Pt 2)):470-6 AB - The prevalence of caries among 3-, 6-, 12- and 19-year-olds in Sweden was followed during the period 1985-1994 through county council reports to the National Board of Health and Welfare. Nearly all the county councils take part in this reporting, and the details for 1994 were based upon 74% of all the country's 12-year-olds and 81% of all the 19-year-olds. Particulars of caries are noted during the annual examination at national dental service clinics. Only manifest caries is recorded. For the age groups studied, the prevalence of caries diminished markedly during the period. The proportion of caries-free 3- and 6-year-olds increased. In 1994, 91% of the 3-year-olds and 64% of the 6-year-olds were free of caries in the deciduous dentition. DFT for 12-year-olds sank from 3.1 to 1.5 during 1985-1994. For 19-year-olds, DFT changed from 8.5 to 5.2, while the proportion of individuals who were caries-free on approximal surfaces increased from 36% to 58%. The change for DFS-a (carious or filled approximal surface) was from 3.4 in 1985 to 1.6 in 1994. These changes in the mean values were accompanied by changes in the frequency distribution of the values for DFT and DFS-a. The proportion of severely carious individuals decreased greatly during the 10-year period studied. At the same time, the differences in caries prevalence among the 26 county councils evened out. <50> UI - 97117277 AU - Holan G AU - Chosack A AU - Eidelman E IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel. TI - Clinical evaluation of Class II combined amalgam-composite restorations in primary molars after 6 to 30 months. SO - ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children 1996 Sep-Oct;63(5):341-5 AB - Composites are claimed to be inappropriate for Class II restoration due to polymerization shrinkage. The present study evaluated the clinical and radiographic appearance of Class II combined amalgam composite restorations in primary molars. Conventional cavities (groups A & B) were restored with 1mm thick amalgam at the cervical floor covered by a posterior composite (Estilux Posterior). In group A Amalgambond was placed between the layers: in group B conventional enamel bond was applied. Vertical increments of Estilux Posterior over enamel bond restored cavities of group C. A fluted carbide bur and Sof-lex discs finished all restorations. Criteria developed by Cvar & Ryge (1971) were used for clinical evaluation of 39 restorations (12, 16 and 11 of Groups A, B and C respectively). No complaints of pain or discomfort were reported during the 6-30 months (mean 15.3) follow-up period. All groups presented excellent surface appearance. Ninety-two percent of group A and 100 percent of groups B & C presented excellent marginal adaptation. Anatomic form was excellent in 92 percent, 8 percent and 100 percent of groups A, B and C respectively. The underlying amalgam was visible through the composite of groups A & B reducing the percentage of excellent ratings of color match to 33 percent and 38 percent respectively, with 9 percent in Group C. This difference was significant (P < 0.02). Secondary caries was observed in two teeth (group A & C). Radiographs presented radiolucent area at the amalgam-composite interface only in one restoration (group A) and one at the tooth-composite interface (group C). Bubbles were found in 6.6 percent of group A; 12.5 percent of group and 64 percent of group C (p < 0.01). This study detected differences between the groups only in color match and the presence of bubbles. <51> UI - 97117276 AU - Walker J AU - Floyd K AU - Jakobsen J AU - Pinkham JR IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA. TI - The effectiveness of preventive resin restorations in pediatric patients. SO - ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children 1996 Sep-Oct;63(5):338-40 AB - In a six-year, eight-month period, 5,185 preventive resin composite sealants (preventive resin restorations) were placed in permanent molars and premolars in children, five through eighteen years of age in the University of Iowa Pediatric Dentistry Clinic. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the frequency of failure or retreatment of these teeth. The median observation time was for 18.5 months (the longest was for 79.2 months); 88.3 percent required no additional restorative procedures. The median time for resealing was one year after placement, in 6.2 percent of the cases. Three hundred and sixty-four (8 percent) of these teeth required retreatment consisting of one-surface amalgam or additional composite material. In conclusion it would appear that the composite/sealant/restoration in the permanent dentition may require further evaluation in an attempt to reduce the incidence of repair or replacement of these restorations. <52> UI - 97204433 AU - Burgess JO AU - Norling BK AU - Rawls HR AU - Ong JL IN - Division of Biomaterials, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA. TI - Directly placed esthetic restorative materials--the continuum. [Review] [49 refs] SO - Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry (Jamesburg, NJ) 1996 Aug;17(8):731-2, 734 passim; quiz 748 AB - Because new restorative materials have had little clinical testing, it is difficult to make specific material recommendations for the esthetic restoration of carious teeth. Although fluoride-releasing materials have long been used successfully to restore carious teeth, little clinical documentation has been presented to support their use to inhibit recurrent caries, and their use as an effective restorative material may be questioned. Glass ionomers, compomers, and resin-modified glass ionomers are esthetic fluoride-releasing materials designed to restore teeth by bonding to tooth structure. This article describes the continuum of directly placed esthetic dental restorative materials, the efficacy of amalgam replacement restorative materials, and the role that fluoride-releasing materials may play in the inhibition of recurrent caries in vitro and in vivo. [References: 49] <53> UI - 97204434 AU - Boghosian A IN - Division of Biological Materials, Northwestern University Dental School, Chicago, Illinois, USA. TI - Clinical evaluation of a filled adhesive system in Class 5 restorations. SO - Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry (Jamesburg, NJ) 1996 Aug;17(8):750-2, 754-7 AB - The restoration of the Class 5 lesion has proved to be an excellent model to measure the clinical efficacy of dentin adhesive materials. This is the result of numerous factors, such as the nonretentive nature of the lesion, large areas of exposed dentin with limited enamel margins, and the high degree of flexure from occlusion that is transmitted to the restoration. The role of the adhesive agent has been critical to the successful restoration of the lesion. Numerous improvements have been introduced to correct deficiencies of earlier-generation bonding systems. The addition of filler particles to the resin adhesive has provided significant benefits, especially in marginal adaptation. The clinical performance of OptiBond, a filled dentin adhesive system, was investigated through the restoration of 80 Class 5 abrasion lesions in 35 patients in accordance with the Guidelines for Dentin and Enamel Adhesive Materials of the American Dental Association. At 2 years, all clinical evaluation parameters were rated 94% to 100% alpha. OptiBond has demonstrated therapeutic effectiveness in eliminating the dentin hypersensitivity that often occurs in Class 5 abrasion lesions. <54> UI - 97204435 AU - McComb D IN - Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario. TI - Adhesive luting cements--classes, criteria, and usage. [Review] [25 refs] SO - Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry (Jamesburg, NJ) 1996 Aug;17(8):759-62, 764 passim; quiz 774 AB - Clinical studies have shown that recurrent decay and lack of retention are the major causes of traditional crown and bridge failure. Optimal marginal accuracy and preparation retention form are important pre-requisites for longevity, as well as good patient oral hygiene. In an effort to provide improved clinical success, new classes of luting agents with improved physical properties and new therapeutic capabilities have been developed. Conventional glass ionomer cements provide fluoride release and adhesive properties. Recently introduced resin-modified glass ionomer luting materials add the potential for increased resistance to dissolution and improved physical and biological attributes. The resin luting cements are more difficult to use but provide greatly increased bonding capabilities and are necessary for strength requirements of all-ceramic restorations. This article describes the three classes of adhesive luting materials, provides a comparison of biological and physical properties, describes the indications and limitations of each class, and makes recommendations for clinical usage. [References: 25] <55> UI - 97204437 AU - Bichacho N IN - Department of Prosthodontics, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. TI - Direct composite resin restorations of the anterior single tooth: clinical implications and practical applications. SO - Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry (Jamesburg, NJ) 1996 Aug;17(8):796-802 AB - Modern technology has continued to improve composite resins to the point where they are commonly used in restorative dentistry. In spite of some drawbacks, such as polymerization shrinkage, incomplete conversion and cross-linking, and undesirable water sorption, the expected time of service of these restorations is extended continuously due to physical and chemical improvements. The improved handling and excellent optical properties of the latest generation of composite resins can provide the appearance of natural dentition. Sophisticated effects can be obtained through the use of direct intraoral applications of stratification techniques. This article discusses common indications for direct restoration of anterior teeth and their treatment in order to be biocompatible with the adjacent hard and soft tissues and to meet the requirements of form, function, and phonetics. <56> UI - 97179974 AU - Sim TP IN - School Dental Service, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Republic of Singapore. TI - Management of dens evaginatus: evaluation of two prophylactic treatment methods. SO - Endodontics & Dental Traumatology 1996 Jun;12(3):137-40 AB - Dens evaginatus (DE) is an odontogenic anomaly characterized by an enamel covered tubercle, enclosing dentin and pulpal tissue. It most commonly affects premolar teeth of people of mongoloid ethnicity. The prevalence of DE in Singapore is 2.1%. Fracture or attrition of the tubercle may lead to pulpal necrosis. Thus, prophylactic management of DE is preferred. A retrospective cohort study comparing two common prophylactic restorative methods was conducted. This involved 817 children, aged 10 years at the outset, having 1591 DE. The teeth were observed for 2 years. The results showed that significantly less teeth developed pulpal pathology when an enamoplasty-preventive resin restoration method was used (0.52%) as compared to an amalgam cavity restoration (5.37%) and the control (3.65%) [chi 2 = 9.595 (p < 0.01) df = 2]. Knowledge of the various treatment options and prevalence data is important as there is an increasing global migration of people of mongoloid ethnicity. <57> UI - 97084243 AU - Strand GV AU - Nordbo H AU - Tveit AB AU - Espelid I AU - Wikstrand K AU - Eide GE IN - Department of Cariology and Endodontics, University of Bergen, Norway. TI - A 3-year clinical study of tunnel restorations. SO - European Journal of Oral Sciences 1996 Aug;104(4 ( Pt 1)):384-9 AB - Tunnel restorations (n = 161) performed by 4 dentists were evaluated after a mean of 35 months in situ. Demineralized enamel was to be spared during preparation. The preparations were filled with a cermet glass ionomer (polyalkenoate) cement. Evaluation was carried out using clinical and radiographical criteria. During the observation period, approximately 16% of the restorations were replaced due to caries in dentin and 14% due to marginal ridge fracture. Cavitation in the approximal surface and/or increased radiolucency of the approximal enamel were observed in 34% of the remaining tunnel-restored teeth. A significantly higher frequency of failures were registered when treating patients with a high caries activity, where the initial lesion was large, and where the restoration did not reach the approximal surface. <58> UI - 97180083 AU - Croll TP IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, USA. TI - Treatment of complex traumatic anterior dental injuries: a pediatric case report. SO - Practical Periodontics & Aesthetic Dentistry 1996 May;8(4):365-73; quiz 374 AB - Traumatic injuries of permanent teeth in children present complex challenges. Growth and development influences, orthodontic considerations, and unknown endodontic and periodontal sequelae preclude immediate intervention with long-term restorations. "Interim" solutions are required to return the patient to the normal appearance, function, and health of the dental/alveolar complex until maturation of the patient allows long-term treatment planning. This report outlines diagnosis and treatment of multiple injuries, sustained by the maxillary anterior teeth. Step-by-step clinical procedures and their rationale are described. The learning objective of this case report is to outline the principles for management of traumatic injuries of permanent anterior teeth in young patients and to demonstrate clinical techniques for splinting displaced teeth, bonding fractured teeth, providing endodontic therapy, and fabricating adhesively bonded resin composite restorations for interim full coverage of severely damaged permanent incisors in a child. <59> UI - 97180055 AU - Fahl N Jr TI - Predictable aesthetic reconstruction of fractured anterior teeth with composite resins: a case report. SO - Practical Periodontics & Aesthetic Dentistry 1996 Jan-Feb;8(1):17-31 AB - Full-coverage rehabilitation is generally the treatment modality indicated for restoration of severely fractured anterior teeth. However, the advanced formulations of composite resins present improved physical properties, an expanded range of shade selection, and high sculptability, allowing predictable restoration of the anterior dentition and replication of the polychromatic characteristics of natural teeth. The learning objective of this article is to present the utilization of composite resin materials in the treatment of fractured maxillary anterior incisors, implementing the concepts of polychromatic characteristics, hue, translucency, opacity, chroma, value, strength, and polishability. Also presented are several practical clinical observations that will assist the practitioner in attaining predictable aesthetic results with composite resin material. <60> UI - 97217168 AU - Bakland LK AU - Milledge T AU - Nation W IN - Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, USA. TI - Treatment of crown fractures. SO - Journal of the California Dental Association 1996 Feb;24(2):45-50 AB - A crown fracture with or without pulpal involvement presents a significant problem to the patient and dentist alike. The management of the crown fracture with pulpal involvement often involves a multitude of possible clinical presentations and, therefore, many treatment options. <61> UI - 97217189 AU - Eder A AU - Wickens J IN - Department of Conservative Dentistry, Eastman Dental Hospital and Institute, London, England. TI - Surface treatment of gold alloys for resin adhesion. SO - Quintessence International 1996 Jan;27(1):35-40 AB - This in vitro study compared three methods of surface treating gold alloys to improve resin adhesion. The tensile bond strengths and modes of failure between specimen pairs cemented with a chemically adhesive resin were recorded. Heat-treated gold alloy specimens were significantly more resistant to bond failure under tensile loading than were either alumina-blasted or tin-plated gold specimens. There was no statistically significant difference in bond failure between alumina-blasted and tin-plated gold specimens. The surface treatment altered the mode of failure from adhesive and/or adhesive-cohesive for alumina-blasted and tinplated gold specimens to cohesive (within the resin) for heat-treated gold specimens. Three case reports are presented to illustrate clinical applications of heat-treated gold alloys. <62> UI - 97217201 AU - Burke FJ IN - Unit of Dental Practice, University Dental Hospital of Manchester, England. TI - Fracture resistance of teeth restored with dentin-bonded crowns: the effect of increased tooth preparation. SO - Quintessence International 1996 Feb;27(2):115-21 AB - This investigation assessed the effect of variations in preparation on fracture resistance of teeth restored with all-ceramic crowns placed with a resin composite luting material after the dentinal surface had been treated with a dentinal bonding system. Four groups of 10 sound, unrestored, maxillary premolars were prepared. In group A, minimal preparations of 6-degree taper, 2-mm occlusal reduction, and a knife-edged margin were carried out. Preparations in group B received 6-degree taper, 3-mm occlusal reduction, and a 1-mm shoulder. Preparations in group C were as in group B, but with 2-mm occlusal reduction over buccal cusp and minimal cervical preparation buccally. Preparations in group D were as in group B, but with 2-mm occlusal reduction. The restored teeth were subjected to compressive loading. Mean fracture loads of 0.77 kN, 0.99 kN, 0.91 kN, and 0.78 kN were recorded for groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. Statistical analysis failed to reveal any difference among the groups. <63> UI - 97217208 AU - Mjor IA IN - Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville 32610-0415, USA. TI - Glass-ionomer cement restorations and secondary caries: a preliminary report [see comments]. CM - Comment in: Quintessence Int 1996 Sep;27(9):581-2 SO - Quintessence International 1996 Mar;27(3):171-4 AB - This preliminary report is based on a survey of the reasons for inserting 790 glass-ionomer cement, 2,609 resin composite, and 898 amalgam restorations in adults in general practice. Glass-ionomer materials were used about equally for the treatment of primary caries and for replacement of failed restorations, unlike resin composite and amalgam, which were most often used to replace failed restorations. Almost half of the 412 replaced glass-ionomer cement restorations were removed because of the clinical diagnosis of secondary (recurrent) caries, which was by far the most common reason for replacement of all three materials. <64> UI - 97217211 AU - Neo J AU - Chew CL IN - Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore. TI - Direct tooth-colored materials for noncarious lesions: a 3-year clinical report. SO - Quintessence International 1996 Mar;27(3):183-8 AB - One hundred fifty-nine noncarious cervical lesions were restored with glass-ionomer cement, resin composite used with a dentinal bonding agent, or the laminate (sandwich) restoration, which combines both these materials. These restorations were evaluated at baseline, 1 year, and 3 years for color match, cavosurface marginal discoloration, anatomic form, marginal adaptation, and retention. There was a general deterioration of the restorations with time. Lesions restored with resin composite and a dentinal bonding agent exhibited the highest percentage of lost restorations. <65> UI - 97055502 AU - Kang BC AU - Farman AG AU - Scarfe WC AU - Goldsmith LJ IN - Divison of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Ky, USA. TI - Observer differentiation of proximal enamel mechanical defects versus natural proximal dental caries with computed dental radiography. SO - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, & Endodontics 1996 Oct;82(4):459-65 AB - OBJECTIVES: Various models have been used to study the accuracy of imaging systems for detection of dental caries. This study compares the ability of dentists to detect mechanically created defects versus natural dental caries cavitations on the proximal surfaces of extracted teeth with Computed Dental Radiography (Schick Industries, Long Island City, N.Y.). Detection rates are investigated according to lesion depth to permit comparisons to be made between studies in the literature with other mechanical defects or natural caries models. Discrimination of natural caries versus artificial defects with Computed Dental Radiography is also compared with a previous report that used standard dental film. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-two extracted molar and premolar teeth were mounted into representative sets of maxillary and mandibular posterior arches for bite-wing radiography. There were 16 proximal surfaces with natural caries and 28 proximal surfaces with mechanical defects. An optical bench was used to ensure constant beam geometry. A 1.8 cm acrylic soft tissue equivalent attenuator was placed in front of the receptor. Thirty dentists acted independently as observers to differentiate between sound proximal tooth surfaces, natural dental caries, and mechanical defects. Evaluation of intra- and interobserver variability was made with use of the kappa statistic. The Zelen test of odds ratios was used to test for homogeneity, and the Mantel-Haenszel analysis plus stratified logistic regression were used for inference about the common odds ratio. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Ignoring stipulation of cavity type, detection was 74% for mechanical defects and 67% for natural caries. The odds of detecting a mechanical defect were 1.40 times the odds of finding natural dental caries cavitation of the same depth. Lesion depth did influence the probability of correctly identifying the presence of a lesion; the odds of identifying cavitation increased 1.41 times with every 0.1 mm increase in lesion depth. Correct designation of lesion type was 1.42 times more likely with mechanical defects than with natural caries (p = 0.003). Intraobserver (kappa = 0.65) and interobserver (kappa = 0.43) agreements were fair to good. Discrimination between natural and artificial lesions was less with the Computed Dental Radiography than that found in our previous study with standard direct emulsion x-ray film. <66> UI - 97156399 AU - Abdalla AI AU - Alhadainy HA IN - Dept. of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Tanta, Egypt. TI - 2-year clinical evaluation of Class I posterior composites. SO - American Journal of Dentistry 1996 Aug;9(4):150-2 AB - PURPOSE: To clinically evaluate different brands of resin composites in Class I restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 Class I cavities were prepared in permanent molars and restored with four posterior resin composites: Clearfil Photo Posterior, Z100, Herculite XR, and Heliomolar RO. The restorations were evaluated at baseline, 1 and 2 years using the USPHS criteria. RESULTS: After 1 year, Z100 restorations were rated Alfa in all tested criteria. Clearfil PP, Herculite XR and Heliomolar RO showed slight changes in color match, anatomic form, and marginal adaptation. After 2 years, no significant difference was found in the evaluation of cavosurface discoloration for all tested materials. Z100 and Herculite XR were significantly more color stable than Clearfil PP and Heliomolar RO. The anatomic form evaluation showed Z100 with a significantly higher value than other groups. Heliomolar RO revealed the lowest percentage of marginal adaptation. <67> UI - 97156420 AU - Horsted-Bindslev P AU - Knudsen J AU - Baelum V IN - Dept. of Dental Pathology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Royal Dental College, Faculty of Health Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark. TI - 3-year clinical evaluation of modified Gluma adhesive systems in cervical abrasion/erosion lesions. SO - American Journal of Dentistry 1996 Feb;9(1):22-6 AB - PURPOSE: To study the clinical performance of two candidates for improvement of the original Gluma bonding system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight teeth with cervical buccal abrasion/erosion lesions were identified in 40 patients. The lesions were conditioned with an oxalic acid solution followed by either a HEMA-glutaraldehyde bonding agent or a formamide-containing bonding agent. The lesions were restored with a hybrid composite. Each patient received the same number of restorations with the two different bonding formulations. All restorations were made by the same operator (JK). Evaluations were based on the USPHS system. RESULTS: No difference between the two groups as to retention, marginal adaptation and discoloration was observed after 3 years. Eight restorations were lost and a slight increase in marginal discoloration was seen during the observation period. <68> UI - 97156418 AU - Neo J AU - Chew CL AU - Yap A AU - Sidhu S IN - Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore. TI - Clinical evaluation of tooth-colored materials in cervical lesions. SO - American Journal of Dentistry 1996 Feb;9(1):15-8 AB - PURPOSE: To determine the 18-month clinical performance of four tooth-colored restoratives in non-carious cervical lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Buccal abrasion lesions in 83 teeth were restored with each of the following materials: Fuji Cap II, Fuji II LC, APH/Universal Bond 3, Lite Fil II A/Imperva Bond. Baseline and an 18-month recall was carried out using the Ryge (USPHS) method for retention, color match, marginal adaptation, cavosurface marginal discoloration, anatomic form and secondary caries. RESULTS: The USPHS results (% alfa) for the four products were, respectively: color match (9%, 48%, 57%, 55%), marginal discoloration (71%, 76%, 52%, 50%), marginal adaptation (24%, 24%, 33%, 15%), anatomic form (67%, 86%, 95%, 45%) and retention (100%, 95%, 100%, 65%). Results indicated that (1) Fuji Cap II exhibited a poor color match at baseline (2) Color matching of Fuji II LC was comparable to the resin composites and (3) seven Lite Fil II/Imperva Bond restorations (35%) were dislodged after 1 1/2 years. <69> UI - 97041593 AU - Smales RJ AU - Hawthorne WS IN - University of Hong Kong, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong. TI - Long-term survival and cost-effectiveness of five dental restorative materials used in various classes of cavity preparations. SO - International Dental Journal 1996 Jun;46(3):126-30 AB - This retrospective study examined the survival and cost-effectiveness of five different types of dental materials used to restore various classes of cavity preparations in permanent teeth. Information on the restorations was obtained from the casenote records of 100 long-term adult patients treated at various times by 20 dentists in three city practices. Patients attended for checkups and restorative treatments on a regular basis for around 25 years on average, ranging from 10 to 46 years. All of the restorative materials lasted well, despite the frequent patient checkups and changes of dentists. Cusp-covered amalgams were approximately 3.8 times more cost-effective than were either cast gold or ceramometal crowns, and resin composites were approximately 3.7 times more cost-effective than were cast gold inlays for restoring Class IV preparations. However, there were no significant differences found in the cost-effectiveness of using either resin composites or glass-ionomer cements to restore Class III preparations, or between using either of these two materials, or amalgams, to restore Class V preparations. <70> UI - 97150179 AU - Bishop K AU - Briggs P TI - Eating disorders [letter; comment]. CM - Comment on: Br Dent J 1995 Mar 11;178(5):171-5 SO - British Dental Journal 1996 Mar 23;180(6):207 <71> UI - 97105006 AU - Choi BC IN - Community Dental Health Services Research Unit, University of Toronto. TI - Risk assessment in dentistry: health risks of dental amalgam revisited. [Review] [28 refs] SO - Journal / Canadian Dental Association. Journal de l Association Dentaire Canadienne 1996 Apr;62(4):328-32 AB - This paper reviews the basic methodology of risk assessment and describes the four steps involved, namely hazard identification, hazard evaluation, exposure evaluation, and risk estimation. The risk posed by the release of mercury vapor from dental amalgam restorations is used as an example to demonstrate the advantages and limitations of this process. [References: 28] <72> UI - 97042594 AU - Grossman ES AU - Matejka JM IN - Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johnnesburg, South Africa. TI - Effect of restorative materials and in vitro carious challenge on amalgam margin quality. SO - Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 1996 Sep;76(3):239-45 AB - The surface margin of a restoration is where the restored tooth is subjected to aggressive oral attack. Any resistance to this attack will have favorable consequences on the clinical performance and longevity of the restoration. In this study, Black's class I classic cavity preparations were completed in 120 extracted intact human premolars that were restored with one of two silver amalgams, six different base conditions, and with or without cavity varnish, resulting in 20 different restoration combinations. The cavities were aged for 3 months and 1 year in 1% NaCl at 20 degrees C. A resin cast impression was made of the restoration margin for each specimen. Thereafter 80 restored teeth were subjected to an in vitro bacterial challenge for 36 days. The other 40 specimens were placed in an acidified (pH = 4.0) broth for the same length of time. A second cast impression was then made of the margin of each specimen. The casts were examined with a scanning electron microscope and the widest gap of the margin opening and the length of margin showing a discrepancy were measured. Specimens were ranked first on the basis of the gap size and then on percent of margin discrepancy length. Results were evaluated with one-way ANOVA and Turkey's Student range test with a critical level of statistical significance (p < 0.05). Base type significantly affected aged margin quality. Cariogenic challenge caused a significant breakdown of the amalgam margin although the type of challenge was not significant. A shorter aging time, varnish, and high copper amalgam exacerbated the breakdown. Margin breakdown can be reduced by judicious selection of restoration material combinations. <73> UI - 97156480 AU - Oliveira JP AU - Cochran MA AU - Moore BK IN - Indiana University School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Indianapolis 46202-5186, USA. TI - Influence of bonded amalgam restorations on the fracture strength of teeth. SO - Operative Dentistry 1996 May-Jun;21(3):110-5 AB - This study evaluated the effect of bonded amalgam on the fracture strength of teeth using five adhesive systems: Panavia 21, Amalgambond Plus, Imperva Dual Bond, All-Bond 2 Primer/Bonding Resin, and All-Bond 2 Primer/Liner F. Intact teeth and amalgam lined with Copalite were used as control groups. Large MOD preparations were made in 20 extracted maxillary premolars for each group. The teeth were restored with Tytin. All groups were stored in water at 37 degrees C for 15 days and thermocycled 2500 times, over 8-48 degrees C. The specimens were preloaded five times in compression to 10 kg using a 5 mm-in-diameter, cylindrical steel indenter that contacted the teeth only on the cuspal inclines. Then the teeth were loaded to failure at 5.0 mm/min. The failure mode was recorded (amalgam failure, cusp fracture, or failure at the tooth/amalgam interface). The mean fracture strengths were analyzed using ANOVA and Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons. The Imperva Dual Bond group showed the highest mean forces followed by All-Bond 2 Primer/Bonding Resin. The All-Bond 2 Primer/Liner F and Amalgambond Plus groups demonstrated lower means and were not significantly different from the Copalite group. The Panavia 21 group was in between these two groups and was not statistically different from either group. The mean strength of intact teeth was the highest, but its very large coefficient of variation (60%) prevented effective use of these data for statistical comparison. Analysis of the mode of fracture showed that Panavia 21, All-Bond 2 Primer/Bonding Resin, and Amalgambond Plus failed cohesively in the amalgam in 35%, 25%, and 15% of the specimens respectively. This fracture type is a good indication of effective bonding between tooth and amalgam. The most common type of fracture for all the restored groups was the one that occurred at the tooth/restoration interface. This would suggest that current bonding procedures could be improved. <74> UI - 97162087 AU - Bonilla E AU - White SN IN - University of Southern California, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Pincus Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Los Angeles 90089-0641, USA. TI - Fatigue of resin-bonded amalgam restorations. SO - Operative Dentistry 1996 May-Jun;21(3):122-6 AB - Standardized MOD cavities were prepared in 80 human premolars, which were treated with either adhesive resin or copal varnish and then restored with amalgam. Fracture resistance of these groups was compared after 24 hours of storage, 4 weeks of storage with thermocycling, and after 500 days of storage. The buccal cusps were loaded at an angle of 30 degrees to the tooth long axis until fracture occurred. Additionally, survival curves were compared for adhesive resin and copal varnish groups that had been repeatedly load cycled until fracture occurred. The 24-hour adhesive resin group was significantly stronger than the corresponding copal varnish group (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences between adhesive resin and copal varnish were found for the other thermocycling, extended 500-day storage, or load cycling tests. In conclusion, the strengthening effect of an adhesive resin on teeth restored with MOD amalgam restorations was transient. <75> UI - 97120937 AU - Gotjamanos T IN - School of Dentistry, University of Western Australia. TI - Pulp response in primary teeth with deep residual caries treated with silver fluoride and glass ionomer cement ('atraumatic' technique) [see comments]. CM - Comment in: Aust Dent J 1997 Feb;42(1):66-7 SO - Australian Dental Journal 1996 Oct;41(5):328-34 AB - Histological assessment of the dental pulps of 55 carious primary teeth was carried out 3 to 58 months after treatment by the 'atraumatic' technique involving application of 40 per cent silver fluoride to residual caries followed by restoration with glass ionomer cement. Fifty of the 55 teeth examined showed a favourable pulpal response, inducing presence of abundant reparative dentine and a wide odontoblast layer. Histological comparisons were made between these teeth and others not treated with silver fluoride but restored with glass ionomer cement, amalgam or zinc oxide and eugenol. Possible mechanisms of the action of silver fluoride in arresting residual caries are discussed. The question of whether or not treatment of carious dentine with silver fluoride represents a biologically acceptable clinical procedure cannot be answered on the basis of pulpal histology alone. The very high concentration of fluoride in commercial preparations of silver fluoride raises several questions concerning its clinical safety. <76> UI - 97145010 AU - van Dijken JW AU - Horstedt P IN - Department of Cardiology, Dental School, Umea University, Sweden. TI - Marginal breakdown of 5-year-old direct composite inlays. SO - Journal of Dentistry 1996 Nov;24(6):389-94 AB - OBJECTIVES: The marginal fit of tooth-coloured inlays luted with composite resin luting materials has been considered to be the weak link of the inlays. The marginal breakdown of 5-year-old direct composite resin inlays was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. METHODS: Replica impressions were made of the occlusal, axial-proximal and accessible cervical-proximal margins of 21 inlays and the marginal quality was quantified. RESULTS: More than 84% of the total investigated length of the enamel/luting composite agent-luting composite/composite inlay interfaces revealed gap free margins. Proximal margins showed the largest breakdown at the enamel/composite resin interface, while the occlusal margin interfaces showed only a slight difference between the interfaces. The composite inlay and the luting composite resin showed a similar degree of wear in more than 50% of the evaluated marginal length. Medium gap width varied between 60 microns for the occlusal and axial-proximal and 87 microns for the cervical-proximal margins, with a range of 7.6-266 microns. CONCLUSIONS: The direct composite inlays investigated showed good marginal integrity after 5 years in clinical service. <77> UI - 97145012 AU - Kilpatrick NM AU - Murray JJ AU - McCabe JF IN - Department of Child Dental Health, Dental School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. TI - A clinical comparison of a light cured glass ionomer sealant restoration with a composite sealant restoration. SO - Journal of Dentistry 1996 Nov;24(6):399-405 AB - OBJECTIVE: To compare the durability of a minimal composite sealant restoration (MCR) with that of a glass ionomer sealant restoration (GSR). METHODS: Under local anaesthesia, a MCR and a GSR were placed in the mouths of selected patients; allocation of restoration type was made randomly. All restorations were placed by one operator using standard procedures and were then assessed clinically at baseline and thereafter every 6 months. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients, with a total of 66 pairs of restorations, were reviewed for up to 27 months. Assessment criteria were based upon the amount of sealant lost, the state of the pit restoration and the occurrence of caries. There were no cases of recurrent caries, and a total of only four pit restorations failed, three (4.5%) GSRs and one (1.5%) MCR. Three MCRs and seven GSRs required further additions of sealant. Survival analysis was carried out using the loss of more than a third of the sealant as the failed status. At this level, the MCRs had a significantly greater Median Survival Time (MST) (24.7 months) than the GSRs (20.7 months) (p < 0.05). Only seven (10.6%) of the MCRs lost more than a third of their sealant as compared with 17 (25.8%) of the GSRs. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in the durability of the MCR compared with the GSR in the treatment of occlusal caries. However, there was significantly better retention of the fissure sealant over the composite restoration than over the glass ionomer. <78> UI - 97140898 AU - el-Mowafy OM IN - Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON. TI - Posterior acid-etch bridge--a modified retentive design. [Review] [14 refs] SO - Journal / Canadian Dental Association. Journal de l Association Dentaire Canadienne 1996 Nov;62(11):862-5 AB - This article reviews the recent literature on clinical trial studies of acid-etch bridges. Due to long-term retention problems, acid-etch bridges are not as yet considered among the permanent types of bridge prosthesis. When failure of acid-etch bridges occurs, the weak link seems to be the enamel-resin junction rather than the metal-resin junction. A modified posterior acid-etch bridge design is described in detail. This design, which incorporates a major retention-promoting component, is meant to improve long-term retention of posterior acid-etch bridges. Cast projections are added to the bridge design. These fit loosely into slot cavities made in the abutment teeth. Following bridge cementation, the slot cavities are restored with posterior composite. As a result, the cast metal projections are locked into the abutment teeth. This added retention device will maximize the long-term retention of posterior acid-etch bridges. [References: 14] <79> UI - 97041804 AU - Blomgren J AU - Axell T AU - Sandahl O AU - Jontell M IN - Clinic for Oral Medicine, Ostra University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden. TI - Adverse reactions in the oral mucosa associated with anterior composite restorations. SO - Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine 1996 Jul;25(6):311-3 AB - This is a descriptive study of patients with symptomatic lichenoid-like reactions of the lips in contact with composite restorations (n = 12). Clinically, the lesions appeared as symptomatic single or multiple erythematous areas that included white papules. Candida was found by cultivation or histopathological examination in 7 of the lesions. Patch testing (n = 7) did not reveal any reactions to composite components, except for one patient who showed a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to formaldehyde. Replacement of existing dental materials parallel to antifungal treatment resulted in healing or significant improvement in 7 of 9 patients. This study shows that resin components can be associated with adverse reactions in the oral mucosa of the lips and that these reactions may be accompanied by an infection with Candida. <80> UI - 97116821 AU - Browning WD AU - Dennison JB IN - University of Tennessee-Memphis, College of Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, USA. TI - A survey of failure modes in composite resin restorations. SO - Operative Dentistry 1996 Jul-Aug;21(4):160-6 AB - This study was undertaken as a first step in identifying opportunities to decrease the need for replacement of class 3, 4, and 5 composite resin restorations. Data regarding the reasons for original placement or replacement of a restoration, the age of restorations at the time of replacement, and patient/doctor factors that may be associated with a decision to place or replace a restoration were recorded by use of a cross-sectional survey. During a 2-week period 108 dentists recorded reasons for placing or replacing 1360 restorations. Of the 1360 restorations, 42.8% were classified as primary placement and 57.2% as replacement restorations. Of the primary placements 80% were categorized as being due to caries; 9.1% fracture of tooth; 8.4% other (erosion lesions were specified 94% of the time). By class, caries was the dominant cause for class 3 (96.2%); caries and other (erosion) for class 5 (77.3% and 16.4%); fracture of tooth and caries (48.9% and 40.2%) for class 4 restorations. <81> UI - 97024797 AU - Gruythuysen RJ AU - Kreulen CM AU - Tobi H AU - van Amerongen E AU - Akerboom HB IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. TI - 15-year evaluation of Class II amalgam restorations. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1996 Jun;24(3):207-10 AB - In a clinical trial, 1544 Class II amalgam restorations were inserted. In this study 1213 restorations were evaluated after 15 years and the reasons for replacement were registered. Attention was also paid to patient drop-out and patients' variables such as gender, filling degree, type of tooth (premolar vs molar), type of restoration (MO or DO vs MOD), jaw (upper vs lower) and the patients' operator. Furthermore, replacement rates of three alloys applied in comparable circumstances (n = 394) are reported. Of the restorations, 214 (17.6%) were replaced during the trial period. Factors influencing the replacement rates are gender, type of restoration and operator. Factors such as type of tooth and type of alloy seemed to have no influence on the replacement rates in this study. <82> UI - 97019807 AU - Dionysopoulos P AU - Kotsanos N AU - Papadogianis Y IN - Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Dental School Department of Operative Dentistry, Greece. TI - Secondary caries formation in vitro around glass ionomer-lined amalgam and composite restorations. SO - Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 1996 Aug;23(8):511-9 AB - The aim of this in vitro secondary caries study was to examine the glass-ionomer liner's effect on wall-lesion inhibition when a conventional and a light-cured glass ionomer liner was placed under amalgam and composite resin restorations. Class V preparations in extracted upper premolars were used and ten restorations were used for each of the following groups: (i) two layers of copal varnish and amalgam; (ii) conventional glass-ionomer and amalgam; (iii) light-cured glass-ionomer and amalgam; (iv) bonding agent and light-cured composite resin; (v) conventional glass-ionomer, bonding agent and light-cured composite resin; (vi) light-cured glass-ionomer, extended 0.3 mm short of the enamel margin bonding agent and light-cured composite resin; and (vii) light-cured glass-ionomer, extended 1 mm short of the enamel margin, bonding agent and light-cured composite resin. The teeth were thermocycled and artificial caries were created using an acid-gel. The results of this study showed that artificial recurrent caries can be reduced significantly (P < 0.05) with a glass-ionomer liner under amalgam restorations. The results also showed that when the light-cured glass-ionomer liner was placed 0.3 mm from the cavosurface margin under composite resin restoration, the artificial recurrent caries reduced significantly (P < 0.05). <83> UI - 97096992 AU - Navarro MF AU - Franco EB AU - Bastos PA AU - Teixeira LC AU - Carvalho RM IN - Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry, Bauru, Brazil. TI - Clinical evaluation of gallium alloy as a posterior restorative material. SO - Quintessence International 1996 May;27(5):315-20 AB - This study evaluated 30 gallium alloy (Gallium alloy GF) and 31 amalgam (Dispersalloy) restorations over a period of 8 months in both Class I and Class II cavity preparations in 28 human subjects. At baseline, all gallium alloy and amalgam restorations were considered acceptable (Alfa) in terms of caries, anatomic form, marginal adaptation, surface texture, and bulk fracture. Postoperative sensitivity was reported in 67% of the gallium alloy restorations and in 29% of the amalgam restorations. At 8 months, 61% of the gallium alloy restorations were rated Beta for marginal adaptation, and all restorations exhibited tarnish and corrosion. With a few exceptions, the amalgam restorations were rated Alfa for those criteria. Three gallium alloy restorations had to be replaced during the evaluation period because of severe postoperative sensitivity and 39% of gallium restorations still presented some sensitivity at 8 months. Additional problems exhibited by gallium restorations were tooth fractures, tooth cracks, and marginal whitening. <84> UI - 97096993 AU - Einwag J AU - Dunninger P IN - Zahnarztliches Fortbildungszentrum, Stuttgart, Germany. TI - Stainless steel crown versus multisurface amalgam restorations: an 8-year longitudinal clinical study. SO - Quintessence International 1996 May;27(5):321-3 AB - Two alternative methods of restoring primary teeth that had multisurface lesions were examined in a clinical longitudinal study. In a paired comparison, stainless steel crowns proved far superior to multisurface amalgam restorations with respect to both lifespan and replacement rate. Stainless steel crowns are not only more acceptable to the patient and more cost effective, but also more acceptable to the dentist because of the comparatively simple procedures involved in restoring even severely affected primary molars. <85> UI - 97097009 AU - Matis BA AU - Cochran M AU - Carlson T IN - Department of Restorative Dentistry, Indiana University, School of Dentistry, Indianapolis 46202-5186, USA. TI - Longevity of glass-ionomer restorative materials: results of a 10-year evaluation. SO - Quintessence International 1996 Jun;27(6):373-82 AB - Three restorative materials used for cervical erosion /abrasion lesions were evaluated clinically after 10 years. Thirty adult patients with at least four cervical lesions received one restoration of each of Ketac-Fil, finished immediately, Ketac-Fil, finished after a delay, Chelon-FIl (all glass-ionomer cements), and Cervident (a resin composite). Restorations were placed without any tooth preparations. Eighteen patients returned for their 10-year examinations. Two experienced examiners provided the periodic evaluations. Complete retention at 10 years was 83% for Ketac-Fil, finished immediately; 78% for Ketac-Fil, finished after a delay; 67% for Chelon-Fil; and 17% for Cervident. All three glass-ionomer restorative materials exhibited statistically significantly greater retention that did Cervident. When a noninvasive procedure is desired, glass-ionomer materials are the restorative material of choice for abrasion/erosion lesions because of their long-term retention values. <86> UI - 97030789 AU - Virtanen JI AU - Bloigu RS AU - Larmas MA IN - Department of Preventive Dentistry and Cariology, Oulu University, Finland. TI - Timing of first restorations before, during, and after a preventive xylitol trial. SO - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 1996 Aug;54(4):211-6 AB - An independent longitudinal retrospective analysis of the timing, number, and cost of tooth restorations was conducted for all subjects (n = 313) in the age cohort of a municipal health center, in which two consecutive field trials of up to 3 years on the caries-preventive effect of the use of xylitol chewing gum were conducted (Ylivieska study, 1982-85). A computer program calculated the post-eruptive timing of the first restorations on each permanent tooth surface, and survival analysis methods were applied before, during, and after the trials. The cost of restorations was then calculated. The total number of new restored surfaces was 4.0 per child in the xylitol group and 9.3 in the controls during the decade after onset of the trial. The number of restorations on the occlusal surfaces of the first molars leveled off at 40-50% in the xylitol group and at about 60-70% in the control group. Plateaus for the second molars were at 30-40% and 60-70%, respectively. The time lag for the first restorations was longer in the xylitol group for the proximal and other smooth surfaces. A marked difference in favor of the xylitol group was observed in the proximal surfaces of the upper incisors (for example, the mesial surface of the upper mesial incisor for girls: log-rank chi-square = 11.1, p < 0.001). The preventive effect was most pronounced in teeth that had erupted during the trial. This analysis indicated that participation of subjects in the xylitol chewing gum trials resulted in a significant reduction in the number of first restorations and hence in costs during the decade after the onset of gum use. <87> UI - 96409652 AU - Boening KW IN - Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technical University Dresden, Germany. TI - Clinical performance of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures. SO - Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 1996 Jul;76(1):39-44 AB - Resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) initially recorded poor survival rates because of indefinite tooth preparations and arbitrary selection of composite resin cements. In this study, 46 RBFPDs were inserted for a longitudinal study up to 45 months. The influence of location--anterior/posterior, or maxilla/mandible--and the inclusion of pontics in occlusal excursions on the survival rates was investigated. Periodontal parameters were recorded from abutments and controls (teeth). Eight RBFPDs lost retention and two RBFPDs failed because of porcelain fractures. The anterior to posterior location and the maxillary or mandibular arch had significant influence on the survival rates. Gingival scores of abutments and controls differed significantly, but statistically significant differences were not recorded for plaque scores. <88> UI - 97021801 AU - Brookfield JR IN - Canadian Dental Association. TI - Good news on amalgam. SO - Journal / Canadian Dental Association. Journal de l Association Dentaire Canadienne 1996 Mar;62(3):197 <89> UI - 97103997 AU - Pankhurst CL AU - Dunne SM AU - Rogers JO TI - Restorative dentistry in the patient with dry mouth: Part 2. Problems and solutions. [Review] [14 refs] SO - Dental Update 1996 Apr;23(3):110-14 <90> UI - 97010615 AU - Hanes CM AU - Myers DR AU - Russell CM AU - Barenie JT AU - Adair SM AU - Sams DR AU - Krakowiak FJ IN - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, USA. TI - An outcomes assessment of 15 years of patient care experiences in predoctoral pediatric dentistry. SO - Pediatric Dentistry 1996 Jul-Aug;18(4):272-6 AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the trends in numbers, demographic characteristics, and treatment history of pediatric dental patients under the care of dental students over the period 1980 through 1994. Data were collected for: exams, sealants, surfaces of amalgam, composite resin surfaces, pulpotomies, stainless steel crowns, and extractions. Correlations were done across the 15-year period to determine significant trends over time. During the 15-year period, the average number of patient visits required for each student to complete the requisite number of p