Database: MEDLINE <: biomedical, nursing & dental literature, 1966 - Oct 2000.> Search Strategy (You Saved Citations 1-166 From Set 85): ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 ("99351665" or "98132732" or "97321740" or "93139336").ui. 4 2 Reproducibility of results/ 53323 3 exp risk/ 227197 4 Models, statistical/ 9724 5 Prevalence/ 44755 6 Discriminant analysis/ 2577 7 Forecasting/ 28594 8 exp Cohort studies/ 367539 9 Evaluation studies/ 99787 10 Risk-taking/ 3751 11 exp Health behavior/ 26393 12 reproducib:.mp. 87122 13 risk:.mp. 414044 14 forecast:.mp. 30078 15 False negative reactions/ or False positive reactions/ 19370 16 (sensitivity or specificity).ti,ab. 279532 17 (predictive adj value$1).mp. 20072 18 (predictive adj validit:).mp. 880 19 (likelihood adj ratio:).mp. 1434 20 (false adj (negative$1 or positive$1)).ti,ab. 23142 21 (randomized controlled trial or controlled clinical 183793 trial).pt. 22 double blind method/ or single blind method/ 65359 23 practice guideline.pt. 4699 24 consensus development conference$.pt. 2783 25 random$.ti,ab. 193352 26 random allocation/ 40827 27 (single blind$3 or double blind$3 or triple blind$3).ti,ab. 56757 28 exp "sensitivity and specificity"/ 89544 29 or/15-28 670432 30 or/2-14 959966 31 exp Tooth demineralization/ 22628 32 demineralization.mp. 1620 33 caries.mp. 15295 34 caires.mp. 1 35 craies.mp. 0 36 careis.mp. 4 37 carise.mp. 0 38 (teeth adj3 cavit:).mp. 422 39 (tooth adj3 cavit:).mp. 217 40 (dental adj3 cavit:).mp. 276 41 (dentin adj3 cavit:).mp. 254 42 (enamel adj3 cavit:).mp. 182 43 (teeth adj3 decay:).mp. 374 44 (tooth adj3 decay:).mp. 321 45 (dental adj3 decay:).mp. 250 46 (dentin adj3 decay:).mp. 12 47 (enamel adj3 decay:).mp. 20 48 (active adj decay).mp. 9 49 (rampant adj3 decay:).mp. 14 50 (recurrent adj3 decay:).mp. 30 51 (white adj spot:).mp. 509 52 carious.mp. 2077 53 cariology.ti,ab. 56 54 (non-cavitated adj3 lesion:).mp. 15 55 (noncavitated adj3 lesion:).mp. 2 56 Tooth remineralization/ 478 57 (dental adj3 fissure:).mp. 99 58 (tooth adj3 fissure:).mp. 50 59 (teeth adj3 fissure:).mp. 98 60 caries-free.mp. 603 61 cariesfree.mp. 17 62 Cariogenic agents/ 728 63 precavit:.mp. 8 64 (filled adj3 teeth).mp. 510 65 (filled adj3 tooth).mp. 117 66 (oral adj fissure:).mp. 6 67 (tooth adj3 remineraliz:).mp. 28 68 (teeth adj3 remineraliz:).mp. 24 69 dft.mp. 413 70 dfs.mp. 1258 71 dmf:.mp. 6397 72 cariogeni:.mp. 1787 73 or/31-72 32256 74 73 and 30 5368 75 74 and 29 1059 76 75 or 1 1059 77 limit 76 to (human and english language and yr=1980-2000) 970 78 limit 77 to (preschool child < 2 to 5 years > or child < 6 459 to 12 years > or adolescence < 13 to 18 years >) 79 exp Tooth, deciduous/ 5992 80 Dentition, primary/ 369 81 Dentition, mixed/ 1066 82 ((primary or deciduous or mixed) adj5 (tooth or teeth or 5759 dent: or odont:)).mp. 83 or/79-82 9322 84 77 and 83 87 85 78 or 84 466 86 from 85 keep 1-300 300 87 from 85 keep 310-466 157 88 from 85 keep 301-466 166 *************************** <1> UI - 94081196 AU - Verdonschot EH AU - Wenzel A AU - Truin GJ AU - Konig KG IN - Department of Cariology and Endodontology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands. TI - Performance of electrical resistance measurements adjunct to visual inspection in the early diagnosis of occlusal caries. SO - Journal of Dentistry 1993 Dec;21(6):332-7 AB - The detection of small carious lesions at occlusal surfaces is a difficult task, particularly in low caries prevalence populations and individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of electrical resistance measurements (ERM) in diagnosing small dentinal lesions at one site per occlusal surface in low caries prevalence populations when used adjunct to visual inspection, and to compare the performance of ERM to that of radiographic examination. The occlusal surfaces of 81 third permanent molar teeth extracted from young adolescents were diagnosed by four examiners, who measured the electrical resistance of enamel on a one measurement per surface basis, and furthermore assessed the occlusal surfaces visually and radiographically. The teeth were sectioned for validation by histological examination. The ERM had the highest sensitivity (0.67), and visual inspection had the highest specificity (0.89). ROC analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the performance of the observers when using visual inspection and ERM (z-score test; P > 0.05). One examiner performed statistically significantly better by measuring the electrical resistance of enamel than by radiographic examination (P < 0.05). The average sensitivity and specificity of the three diagnostic systems were used to express the positive and negative predictive values as a function of caries prevalence. At a caries prevalence of 0.2 the negative predictive values for visual inspection, ERM and radiographic examination were 0.88, 0.91 and 0.89, and the positive predictive values were 0.53, 0.48 and 0.42 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) <2> UI - 94061908 AU - Holbrook WP AU - de Soet JJ AU - de Graaff J IN - Faculty of Odontology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik. TI - Prediction of dental caries in pre-school children. SO - Caries Research 1993;27(5):424-30 AB - Data obtained in a longitudinal study of caries incidence and caries-related factors were analysed with a view to producing a model for the prediction of caries. In direct correlations, caries incidence was significantly associated with bacterial, dietary and salivary variables; but when the data were examined by stepwise regression the strongest variables were the baseline caries score and misuse of sugar. Counts of Streptococcus mutans entered into the analysis but only as a relatively minor component. Similar significant relationships were seen with the determination of odds ratios. A caries activity test was formulated combining the following caries-associated variables: high counts of S. mutans, or lactobacilli, or the misuse of sugar, or frequent consumption of paediatric medicines. Regular use of fluoride tablets could compensate for paediatric medicine use or misuse of sugar. Such a caries activity test if it had been applied to the children at baseline would have had a positive predictive value of 0.76, a negative predictive value of 0.82, a sensitivity of 0.8 and a specificity of 0.78. Combining tests made the prediction of caries more accurate and in the population for which it was intended gave a reliable means of detecting those children most in need of enhanced caries prevention. <3> UI - 94034471 AU - Tseng CC AU - Huang CC AU - Hung CH AU - Tseng WH AU - Chang CJ IN - Department of Dentistry, National Cheng Kung University Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan R.O.C. TI - Oral health conditions among people visiting a medical center for health checkups. SO - Journal of the Formosan Medical Association 1993 Jun;92(6):563-8 AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral health conditions of subjects in a southern Taiwan health checkup program. One half of the examinees were selected randomly for oral examination during a two-year period. There were 537 subjects, including 286 men and 251 women with mean ages of 49.7 +/- 13.5 years and 50.2 +/- 12.1 years, respectively. Oral examinations included periodontal condition and existence of dental caries. The periodontal treatment needs of all examinees were evaluated using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs system and the World Health Organization periodontal probe. Dental caries examination was performed by the visual-tactile method with a mouth mirror and explorer. No radiographs were taken. All clinical evaluations were performed by the first author, who has experience in all of the indices. The results showed that only 0.7% of the subjects had no need of periodontal treatment, 6.7% had bleeding after gentle probing, and 75.2% presented with calculus, overhanging restorations, or pockets of 4 or 5 mm. The remaining 17.3% had pocket depths of 6 mm or deeper. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females in periodontal treatment needs and the mean number of decayed teeth (D). According to this hospital-based observation, most of the people in the health checkup program were in need of periodontal treatment, including oral hygiene instruction, prophylaxis and root planing. Approximately one-fifth of the subjects needed complex periodontal treatment; there were no differences in the treatment needs of males and females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) <4> UI - 94037930 AU - Moore R AU - Birn H AU - Kirkegaard E AU - Brodsgaard I AU - Scheutz F IN - Dept. of Oral Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Dental College, Faculty of Health Sciences, Arhus University, Denmark. TI - Prevalence and characteristics of dental anxiety in Danish adults. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1993 Oct;21(5):292-6 AB - Prevalence, characteristics and consequences of dental anxiety in a randomly selected sample of 645 Danish adults were explored in telephone interviews. Participation rate was 88%. Demographics, fear of specific procedures, negative dentist contacts, general fear tendency, treatment utilization and perceived oral conditions were explored by level of dental anxiety using a modified Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS). A Seattle fear survey item and a summary item from the Dental Fear Survey (DFS) were also included for fear description comparisons. Correlation between these indices (DAS-DFS: rs = 0.72; DAS-Seattle item: rs = 0.68) aided semantic validation of DAS anxiety intensity levels. Extreme dental anxiety (DAS > or = 15) was found in 4.2% of the sample and 6% reported moderate anxiety (DAS scores 14-12). Bivariate (B) and logistic regression (L) odds ratios (OR) showed that high dental anxiety was associated with gender, education and income, but not with age. Extreme dental anxiety for dentate subjects was characterized by fear of drilling (ORL = 38.7), negative dentist contacts (ORL = 9.3), general fear tendency (ORL = 3.4), avoidance of treatment (ORL = 16.8) and increased oral symptoms (ORB = 4.4). Moderate dental anxiety was also related to drilling (ORL = 22.3), but with less avoidance due to anxiety (ORL = 6.8) compared with low fear subjects. <5> UI - 94037929 AU - Thibodeau EA AU - O'Sullivan DM AU - Tinanoff N IN - Department of Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington 06030. TI - Mutans streptococci and caries prevalence in preschool children. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1993 Oct;21(5):288-91 AB - Numerous studies have reported a correlation between mutants streptococci levels and dental caries. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between salivary mutans streptococci levels and caries in preschool children of low socioeconomic status. A total of 462 Head Start children, mean age 3.8 yr (range 2.0-5.3 yr), were examined by the modified method of Radike. Saliva samples from 458 of these children were collected with tongue blades and impressed onto mutants streptococci selective agar. Children's mutants streptococci levels were categorized as low (0 CFU), moderate (1-50 CFU) or high (> 50 CFU), and the mean dmfs was 0.40, 1.92 and 4.88, respectively. All study groups (Black, Hispanic and White) had infection rates of approximately 83%; however, 39.1% of Black children had high mutans streptococci levels compared with 28.4% of White children. Pit/fissure caries was the most prevalent disease type in children with moderate or high mutants streptococci levels, although White children in the high group had significantly less of this pattern than Blacks and Hispanics. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the high mutants streptococci group were 91.3%, 57.5%, 69.3% and 86.3%. Results from this study indicate that differences between Black, Hispanic and White preschool children may influence caries activity within populations that have similar mutants streptococci infection levels and socioeconomic backgrounds. <6> UI - 94036714 AU - Steinherz PG AU - Redner A AU - Steinherz L AU - Meyers P AU - Tan C AU - Heller G IN - Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. TI - Development of a new intensive therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children at increased risk of early relapse. The Memorial Sloan-Kettering-New York-II protocol. SO - Cancer 1993 Nov 15;72(10):3120-30 AB - BACKGROUND. Improved survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has made it more difficult to develop new protocols to further improve results. The authors report the pilot experience with the Memorial Sloan-Kettering-New York-II (MSK-NY-II) protocol, based on the New York regimen with changes made in an attempt to improve efficacy while reducing toxicity. METHODS. Forty-four of 46 consecutive patients were randomized to one of four regimens varying only in the sequence and mode of administration of the drugs during the first 48 hours of therapy, while the kinetics of the disappearance of the leukemic cells from the bone marrow was monitored with bone marrow aspirates and biopsies on days 0, 2, 7, and 14. RESULTS. Thirty-two high-risk and 12 average-risk patients were randomized. The marrow contained less than 25% blasts in 74.4% and 92.9% by day 7 and 14, respectively. Ninety-three percent achieved remission. Regimens beginning with daunorubicin achieved a greater and more rapid reduction in leukemic cells than those starting with cyclophosphamide. Daunorubicin infusion produced a more rapid cytoreduction than daunorubicin bolus. Two of 41 patients who achieved remission relapsed, and there was one death in remission. With a median follow-up of 54+ months, the event-free survival (EFS) rate was 86% +/- 10%. Disease-free survival (DFS) rate at 48 months was 93%. The estimated 4-year EFS rate for the high-risk and average-risk patients were 83 +/- 14% and 93 +/- 10%, respectively. Four of 18 patients given daunorubicin bolus and 0 of 18 patients given daunorubicin infusion who were monitored with serial echocardiograms had significant decrease in cardiac function (P = 0.10). The major toxicity of the therapy was infections, with 35% of patients developing serious infections during induction and consolidation. Half the patients had an episode of bacteremia from the venous catheter during the 2 years of maintenance. CONCLUSIONS. Close monitoring of kinetics of cytoreduction can rapidly distinguish between similar therapies, and the surrogate end-point may reduce the need for the long follow-up periods that may still be required to demonstrate differences in EFS. Continuous infusion of daunorubicin had less cardiotoxicity with faster antileukemic activity than bolus infusion. The MSK-NY-II protocol with a 86% 4-year EFS rate and a 95% DFS rate was a promising new regimen for the treatment of average-risk and high-risk ALL. <7> UI - 94015220 AU - Fiere D AU - Lepage E AU - Sebban C AU - Boucheix C AU - Gisselbrecht C AU - Vernant JP AU - Varet B AU - Broustet A AU - Cahn JY AU - Rigal-Huguet F AU - et al IN - Service d'Hematologie, Hopital Edouard-Herriot, Lyon, France. TI - Adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a multicentric randomized trial testing bone marrow transplantation as postremission therapy. The French Group on Therapy for Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. SO - Journal of Clinical Oncology 1993 Oct;11(10):1990-2001 AB - PURPOSE: In a prospective multicenter study, we analyzed the benefits of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in a nonselected group of adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and, by a randomized trial, evaluated the effectiveness of autologous BMT over chemotherapy as postremission therapy in patients younger than 50 years who were not candidates for allogeneic BMT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: After induction therapy that randomized patients to receive one of two anthracycline-containing regimens, either daunorubicin (DNR) or zorubicin (ZRB), patients were assigned to postremission treatment according to age and results of HLA typing. Patients younger than 40 years with an HLA-identical sibling (group 1) were scheduled to receive cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg on days 1 and 2, total-body irradiation (TBI), and allogeneic BMT. Patients older than 50 years (group 2) received the chemotherapy arm composed of three monthly consolidation courses (DNR or ZRB, cytarabine, and asparaginase) followed by maintenance chemotherapy (modified L10 regimen). The remaining population (group 3) was randomly assigned to receive, after the three 1-month consolidation courses, either the chemotherapy arm or autologous BMT following a conditioning regimen similar to that of group 1. RESULTS: Of the 572 assessable patients, 436 achieved complete remission (78% +/- 2% for DNR v 74% +/- 3% for ZRB; P = .3). The estimated 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate for the 116 patients included in group 1 was 43% +/- 5%. Both autologous BMT (95 patients) and chemotherapy (96 patients) produced comparable 3-year DFS rates (39% +/- 5% v 32% +/- 5%) and survival durations (49% +/- 5% v 42% +/- 5%). However, late relapses after 36 months were mainly observed in the chemotherapy arm. CONCLUSION: This first interim analysis did not demonstrate a benefit of this autologous BMT procedure over classical maintenance chemotherapy in patients with ALL who received consolidation chemotherapy. <8> UI - 93380285 AU - Bjarnason S AU - Finnbogason SY AU - Holbrook P AU - Kohler B IN - Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Odontology, University of Goteborg, Sweden. TI - Caries experience in Icelandic 12-year-old urban children between 1984 and 1991. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1993 Aug;21(4):195-7 AB - In order to evaluate trends in caries experience, a 20% random sample of 12-yr-old residents of Reykjavik, Iceland (252 children) was examined clinically and radiographically in 1991 under conditions consistent with those of the survey conducted in 1984. In addition to caries data, frequency of toothbrushing and use of fluoride dentifrice were recorded. The mean DFT and DFS were 3.0 and 4.1, respectively. The decrease in caries experience reached 60% with an annual fall in DFS of nearly 10%. During the 7-yr period between examinations the decline in DFT and DFS scores averaged 5.2 and 8, respectively, the annual reduction amounting to 0.7 DF teeth or 1.1 DF surfaces per child. The ratio of approximal/occlusal caries and the proportion of approximal caries were similar in both surveys. Fourteen percent of the children were free from manifest caries in 1991, but only 2% in 1984. Polarization between low and high prevalence individuals had intensified. Ninety-five percent of the children brushed their teeth regularly and 97% reported using a fluoride dentifrice. <9> UI - 93385266 AU - Vreugdenhil G AU - Raemaekers JM AU - van Dijke BJ AU - de Pauw BE IN - Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. TI - Itraconazole and multidrug resistance: possible effects on remission rate and disease-free survival in acute leukemia. SO - Annals of Hematology 1993 Sep;67(3):107-9 AB - Itraconazole, a triazole antifungal agent, has been reported to reverse drug resistance against daunorubicin in acute leukemia. In a subanalysis from a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examining the effects of itraconazole on the prevention of fungal infections in neutropenic patients, we studied the effects of itraconazole on remission rate and disease-free survival in patients with acute lymphoblastic (ALL) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) receiving remission induction treatment schedules containing daunorubicin (DNR). Eleven ALL and 17 AML patients received itraconazole and 12 ALL and 25 AML patients were given placebo. Among AML patients the remission rate was slightly higher in the itraconazole group, whereas the disease-free survival was higher among ALL patients given itraconazole. In AML patients DFS was comparable in both groups but the number of high-risk patients in the itraconazole group was higher. These preliminary results may suggest a role for itraconazole in reversing multidrug resistance. Larger trials, however, are required to substantiate these findings and to correlate them with its in vitro effects on multidrug resistance. <10> UI - 93306703 AU - Paunio P AU - Rautava P AU - Helenius H AU - Alanen P AU - Sillanpaa M IN - Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Finland. TI - The Finnish Family Competence Study: the relationship between caries, dental health habits and general health in 3-year-old Finnish children. SO - Caries Research 1993;27(2):154-60 AB - The aim of this study was to examine how dental health related habits, infectious diseases and long-term illness are associated with dental health at the age of 3 in first-born children resident in a Finnish province. The study was designed as a survey using stratified randomised cluster sampling, confidential questionnaires and clinical dental examinations. The results were analysed using polytomous logistic models. In the stepwise analysis the only statistically significant explanatory factors were the use of juice at night and dental cleanliness. Antibiotic treatment or long-term illness was not significantly associated with dental health. <11> UI - 93310457 AU - Normark S IN - Department of Community Dentistry, Health Science Faculty, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. TI - Social indicators of dental caries among Sierra Leonean schoolchildren. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1993 Jun;101(3):121-9 AB - Most of the caries of African child populations is found in limited fractions of that population. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the caries situation of Sierra Leonean schoolchildren in relation to demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables, in order to develop an appropriate index for prediction of caries. A total of 610 students from primary class 1 (mean age: 7 yr) and secondary form 1 (mean age 15 yr) were dentally examined by three examiners and interviewed by their teachers. Intra- and interexaminer reproducibilities were 82 and 70%, and interinterviewer reliability was 67-100% for the individual questions. Urban students had more caries than rural. In class 1, dmfs+DMFS was 4.1 and 1.8, respectively; in form 1, DMFS was 5.3 and 3.5. Two tribes (the Fulas and the Madingos) had higher caries means than the rest, especially in class 1, where dmfs+DMFS was 6.5 and 2.4, respectively. Form 1 students with literate parents had a higher caries mean, and class 1 pupils with defective school uniforms a lower mean. The apparently high-risk groups did not consume more sweet snacks or clean their teeth less frequently. There was clearly more caries among the quartiles of children with most visible plaque on molars, but all social and demographic subgroups had similar amounts of plaque. Multivariate analyses of class 1 children showed that pupils living in urban areas, Fulas and Madingos, and children wearing complete school uniforms had caries significantly more frequently, other factors being equal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) <12> UI - 93284501 AU - Ohno R AU - Kobayashi T AU - Tanimoto M AU - Hiraoka A AU - Imai K AU - Asou N AU - Tomonaga M AU - Tsubaki K AU - Takahashi I AU - Kodera Y AU - et al IN - Department of Medicine, Nagoya University Branch Hospital, Japan. TI - Randomized study of individualized induction therapy with or without vincristine, and of maintenance-intensification therapy between 4 or 12 courses in adult acute myeloid leukemia. AML-87 Study of the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group. SO - Cancer 1993 Jun 15;71(12):3888-95 AB - BACKGROUND. It was assessed whether addition of vincristine (VCR) to remission induction therapy would increase the complete remission (CR) rate, and, secondarily, whether 12 courses of maintenance-intensification therapy would produce longer survival than 4 courses in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS. A randomized comparison of individualized induction therapy was conducted between daunorubicin, behenoyl cytarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, and prednisolone with or without VCR. After 3 courses of intensive consolidation therapy, maintenance-intensification therapy was randomized to 4 or 12 courses given every 6 weeks. RESULTS. Of 265 patients registered, 252 were evaluable. CR was obtained in 78%; 80% in 205 patients of age younger than 60 years, and 65% in 47 of age 60 years or older. Addition of VCR reduced the CR rate significantly (84% to 70%, P = 0.007). Predicted 4-year survival, continuing CR, and disease-free survival (DFS) rates of 196 CR patients are 45%, 41%, and 35%, respectively. Patients receiving 12 courses of maintenance-intensification showed better DFS. By multivariate analyses, significant factors for achievement of CR were performance status 0 to 2, age younger than 60 years, and no VCR; and those for longer DFS were achievement of CR by one course, age younger than 50 years, and French-American-British (FAB) classification M3 or M5. Among 131 patients randomized to the maintenance, the administration of 12 courses was the most important factor (P = 0.0040) for longer DFS, followed by FAB M3 or M5, and by achievement of CR by one course. CONCLUSIONS. Addition of VCR in remission induction therapy was harmful, and longer intensive maintenance therapy prolonged DFS in adult AML. <13> UI - 93282602 AU - Boyd RL IN - Department of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0640. TI - Comparison of three self-applied topical fluoride preparations for control of decalcification [see comments]. CM - Comment in: Angle Orthod 1994;64(2):86 SO - Angle Orthodontist 1993 Spring;63(1):25-30 AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a 1100 ppm fluoride toothpaste used alone, or together with a 0.05% NaF rinse used once daily or a 0.4% SnF2 gel applied twice daily, in controlling the decalcification that often accompanies orthodontic treatment. Ninety-five consecutively treated adolescent patients were matched for age and sex and assigned to one of these three regimens. Single blind assessments of decalcification were performed on all labial surfaces of all erupted teeth before appliances were placed and 3 months after appliances were removed. Because the first molars had the highest decalcification scores, data for the whole mouth and for first molars were analyzed separately. When pre-treatment levels of decalcification were subtracted from post-treatment values, significantly lower decalcification scores (p < 0.05) were found for both whole mouth and first molars in the rinse and gel groups as compared with the control group (toothpaste alone). Although the gel group consistently had less decalcification than the rinse group, this difference only approached statistical significance. These results indicate that twice daily use of a 1100 ppm fluoride toothpaste and either a once-daily 0.05% NaF rinse or a twice-daily 0.4% SnF2 gel provides additional protection against decalcification beyond that achieved with toothpaste alone. <14> UI - 93274324 AU - Tournade MF AU - Com-Nougue C AU - Voute PA AU - Lemerle J AU - de Kraker J AU - Delemarre JF AU - Burgers M AU - Habrand JL AU - Moorman CG AU - Burger D AU - et al IN - Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. TI - Results of the Sixth International Society of Pediatric Oncology Wilms' Tumor Trial and Study: a risk-adapted therapeutic approach in Wilms' tumor [see comments]. CM - Comment in: J Clin Oncol 1993 Jun;11(6):1009-10 SO - Journal of Clinical Oncology 1993 Jun;11(6):1014-23 AB - PURPOSE: The Sixth International Society of Pediatric Oncology study (SIOP6) concerned Wilms' tumor with favorable histology, preoperatively treated to obtain a high rate of stage I patients, and sought to reduce treatment for patients with stage I and stage II negative nodes (IIN0) tumors and to find better therapy to prevent relapses in stage II positive nodes (IIN1) and stage III patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients (N = 509) had received four weekly doses of vincristine (VCR) and two courses of dactinomycin (AMD) preoperatively and were assigned after surgery, according to stage and lymph node involvement, to three different prognostic groups, which were to be randomized. Stage I patients (n = 303) received VCR and AMD either for 17 weeks (S) or 38 weeks (L). Stage IIN0 patients (n = 123) received either 20 Gy irradiation (R+) or no irradiation (R-) and received VCR and AMD for 38 weeks. Stage IIN1 and III patients (n = 83) received intensified VCR and AMD (INTVCR) versus VCR, AMD, and Adriamycin (ADRIA; Doxorubicin Farmitalia Carbo Erba, Rueil, Malmaison, France; doxorubicin). Assessment criteria were 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) and 5-year survival (SURV) percentages. A stopping rule was added that took into account abdominal recurrences for the stage IIN0 trial. RESULT: A 52% rate of stage I tumors was obtained, with a low rate of ruptures (7%). The 2-year DFS and 5-year SURV rates according to the different therapeutic groups were stage I, 92% versus 88% (equivalent) and 95% versus 92% for S and L, respectively; stage IIN0, 72% versus 78% (stage equivalent) and 88% versus 85% for R+ and R-, respectively; and stage IIN1 and stage III, 49% versus 74% (P < .029) and 77% versus 80% for INTVCR and ADRIA, respectively, which results in an 82% DFS and 89% SURV rate for the entire trial population. However, six abdominal metastases observed during the first year of follow-up (FU) in the R- group versus none in the R+ group resulted in discontinuation of the stage IIN0 trial. CONCLUSION: Risk-adapted therapy to limit risk of sequelae is possible. More intensive chemotherapy is necessary to prevent abdominal recurrences in nonirradiated stage IIN0 patients treated preoperatively. A three-drug protocol is necessary in stage IIN1 and stage III patients. <15> UI - 93274328 AU - Amadori S AU - Testi AM AU - Arico M AU - Comelli A AU - Giuliano M AU - Madon E AU - Masera G AU - Rondelli R AU - Zanesco L AU - Mandelli F IN - Department of Human Biopathology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. TI - Prospective comparative study of bone marrow transplantation and postremission chemotherapy for childhood acute myelogenous leukemia. The Associazione Italiana Ematologia ed Oncologia Pediatrica Cooperative Group. SO - Journal of Clinical Oncology 1993 Jun;11(6):1046-54 AB - PURPOSE: This study was conducted to assess the comparative values of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) with sequential postremission chemotherapy (SPC) in children with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in first remission. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From March 1987 to March 1990, 161 assessable patients younger than 15 years of age with newly diagnosed AML were treated uniformly with two courses of daunorubicin and standard-dose cytarabine. After initial consolidation with a course of daunorubicin, cytarabine, and thioguanine (DAT), patients in complete remission (CR) were randomized to receive either ABMT or SPC, except for those with an HLA-matched sibling who were assigned to undergo BMT. SPC consisted of three additional courses of DAT, followed by three pairs of drugs administered sequentially for a total of six cycles. RESULTS: Overall, 127 of 161 patients attained CR (79%). The estimated probabilities of survival and event-free survival (EFS) at 5 years for all patients were 42% and 25%, respectively (median follow-up, 28 months). For the 127 complete responders, the 5-year probability of disease-free survival (DFS) was 31%, with a cumulative risk of relapse of 64%. For the purpose of this study, all complete responders were evaluated for analysis of disease outcome according to the intent-to-treat principle, regardless of whether they actually received the intended therapy. The 5-year DFS was 51% for the BMT group (n = 24), significantly higher (P = .03) than that observed for the other cohorts: 21% for ABMT (n = 35), 27% for SPC (n = 37), and 34% for a group of 31 nonrandomized (NR) patients. Bone marrow relapse was the most frequent cause of postremission failure in all therapeutic subgroups, including the BMT cohort, in which no deaths attributable to the toxicity of the procedure were recorded. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that BMT is more effective than ABMT or SPC in preventing leukemia relapse and extending DFS duration in children with AML in first remission. <16> UI - 93272269 AU - Alaluusua S IN - Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, University of Helsinki, Finland. TI - Salivary counts of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli and past caries experience in caries prediction. SO - Caries Research 1993;27 Suppl 1:68-71 AB - Clinical and salivary factors were compared with each other for the ability to predict 3-year caries increment in a group of 122 teenagers. The group was screened according to two levels of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli and comparable levels of baseline caries experience (DFS). The risk for caries was validated at three different levels. Sensitivity, specificity, and the positive and negative prediction values were calculated for each level. The results showed that the baseline caries experience was better or as powerful as the salivary tests in predicting future caries increment at comparable screening and validation levels. <17> UI - 93264118 AU - Ketley CE AU - Holt RD IN - Department of Children's Dentistry, Institute of Dental Surgery, London. TI - Visual and radiographic diagnosis of occlusal caries in first permanent molars and in second primary molars. SO - British Dental Journal 1993 May 22;174(10):364-70 AB - Diagnosis of early occlusal caries has proved more difficult than that affecting smooth or approximal surfaces. With time, this type of lesion has come to form a greater proportion of caries as a whole and its accurate diagnosis is consequently becoming more important. The most widely used methods of diagnosis are visual inspection and bitewing radiography but the value of both of these for occlusal caries has been questioned. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of diagnosis using each of these two methods in extracted teeth. A total of 100 first permanent molars and 100 second primary molars were used and teeth and sites with questionable or borderline caries were selected for examination. The condition of the tooth on section was used to validate. In these samples sensitivity of radiographic diagnosis was greater than that of visual diagnosis. Both methods showed good specificity. When radiographs were used together with visual examination the status of 82% of first permanent molars and 91% of second primary molars were correctly classified. <18> UI - 93269617 AU - Stenberg R AU - Matsson L IN - Public Dental Health Service, County of Vasterbotten, Sweden. TI - Clinical evaluation of glass ceramic inlays (Dicor). SO - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 1993 Apr;51(2):91-7 AB - The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical behavior of ceramic class-II inlays (Dicor) in the first 2 years after placement. As a reference, a similar number of dental amalgam restorations were followed up during the same period. Twenty-five inlays and 25 dental amalgams were placed on premolars and first molars of 20 and 19 patients (15-19 years old), respectively. The inlay preparations were made in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, and the inlays were produced by a licensed Dicor laboratory. The inlays were luted, using a glass ionomer cement. The dental amalgam preparations were made using standard class-II preparation techniques and filled with ANA 2000. The inlays were evaluated after 6, 12, and 24 months, and the dental amalgam restorations after 24 months, using the criteria suggested by Ryge. In addition, the 24-month examination included proximal recording of dental plaque and gingivitis. With the exception of two inlays that fractured during the observation period, all ceramic inlays showed excellent ratings for anatomic form, marginal discoloration, and marginal caries at all examinations. Two inlays showed minor marginal defects but were classified within the range of acceptance with no need for replacement. The two fractured inlays were replacements of earlier fractured dental amalgams. The clinical behavior of the dental amalgam restorations was in most respects similar to that of the ceramic inlays. Unlike the inlays, however, no dental amalgams fractured during the observation period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) <19> UI - 93229762 AU - Blume KG AU - Kopecky KJ AU - Henslee-Downey JP AU - Forman SJ AU - Stiff PJ AU - LeMaistre CF AU - Appelbaum FR IN - Stanford University Medical Center, CA. TI - A prospective randomized comparison of total body irradiation-etoposide versus busulfan-cyclophosphamide as preparatory regimens for bone marrow transplantation in patients with leukemia who were not in first remission: a Southwest Oncology Group study. SO - Blood 1993 Apr 15;81(8):2187-93 AB - Two novel preparatory regimens for conditioning of patients with leukemia for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from histocompatible sibling donors have been tested in a phase III trial under the auspices of the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG 8612). These two regimens consisted either of fractionated total body irradiation and etoposide (FTBI/VP-16) or high-dose busulfan with cyclophosphamide (BU/CY). Only patients who had failed prior conventional management at least once were study eligible, ie, no patients with acute leukemia in first remission (CR) or in first chronic phase (CP) of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) participated. Patients were stratified according to the following risk criteria: "good-risk" patients were those who were in second CR of their acute leukemia or in accelerated phase (AP) of CML; "poor-risk" patients had further advanced stages of leukemia. During a 52-month period, 131 patients were registered of whom 122 (93%) were study eligible. Sixty-one eligible patients were randomized to the FTBI/VP-16 arm and 61 to the BU/CY regimen. Of these 122 patients, 114 (93%) proceeded to BMT according to protocol. Posttransplant immunosuppression to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) consisted of cyclosporine and prednisone (CSA/PSE). Neither overall survival nor disease-free survival (DFS) differed significantly between the two treatment groups (P = .89 and .69, respectively). Estimated DFS for "good-risk" patients who had been prepared with the FTBI/VP-16 regimen was 55% +/- 11%, as compared with patients treated with BU/CY whose DFS figure was 34% +/- 10% (P = .30). For "poor-risk" candidates, the DFS rates at 24 months were 17% +/- 6% (for FTBI/VP-16) and 24% +/- 8% (for BU/CY), respectively (P = .81). These figures do not differ significantly, especially in view of the fact that the "good-risk" patients prepared with the FTBI/VP-16 regimen were younger than those treated with BU/CY. Both regimens were well tolerated with no regimen-related deaths encountered during the 6-week period after BMT. This study also confirmed the efficacy of the CSA/PSE combination in the prevention of GVHD with 23 of 113 (20%) of BMT recipients developing moderate to severe acute GVHD. The leading cause for treatment failure was leukemic relapse (45 of the 114 BMT recipients suffered a recurrence of their leukemia), whereas 38 patients died without evidence of relapse. Thirty-one patients are alive and in continued CR after marrow transplantation; four are alive in relapse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) <20> UI - 93187688 AU - Tubergen DG AU - Gilchrist GS AU - O'Brien RT AU - Coccia PF AU - Sather HN AU - Waskerwitz MJ AU - Hammond GD IN - Children's Hospital, Denver, CO. TI - Improved outcome with delayed intensification for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and intermediate presenting features: a Childrens Cancer Group phase III trial. SO - Journal of Clinical Oncology 1993 Mar;11(3):527-37 AB - PURPOSE: The Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) 76/79 trial of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children produced impressive disease-free survival (DFS) rates with a protocol that began with 8 weeks of intensive therapy, followed by 8 weeks of maintenance therapy, and then another 6 weeks of intensive treatment. The current study was conducted to determine the relative contributions of each of these periods of intense therapy on the DFS rates of ALL patients with intermediate presenting features. In addition, due to concerns regarding the toxicity of CNS irradiation, we compared cranial irradiation (CXRT) with intrathecal methotrexate (IT MTX) administered during induction and consolidation to IT MTX during all phases of the treatment program. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between May 1983 and April 1989, more than 1,600 children with ALL and intermediate presenting features, as defined by the Childrens Cancer Group (CCG), were entered into a randomized trial that tested four systemic therapy regimens and two CNS programs. RESULTS: The results with a median follow-up of 57 months show that systemic regimens with a delayed intensification (Delint) phase of therapy had a 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of 73% compared with the control regimen EFS rate of 61% (p = .006). For children less than 10 years of age, standard three-drug induction and Delint produced a 77% 5-year EFS. IT MTX during all phases of therapy provided CNS protection comparable to the CXRT regimen in children less than 10 years of age. Children 10 years of age or older appear to have a better EFS rate with intensive induction, Delint, and CXRT. CONCLUSION: Delint improves the EFS rate of children with ALL and intermediate presenting features. Maintenance IT MTX can be safely substituted for CXRT for presymptomatic CNS therapy in children with intermediate-risk characteristics less than 10 years of age. <21> UI - 93193087 AU - Maurer HM AU - Gehan EA AU - Beltangady M AU - Crist W AU - Dickman PS AU - Donaldson SS AU - Fryer C AU - Hammond D AU - Hays DM AU - Herrmann J AU - et al IN - Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298. TI - The Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study-II. SO - Cancer 1993 Mar 1;71(5):1904-22 AB - BACKGROUND. Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS)-II, (1978-1984) had the general goals of improving the survival and treatment of children with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). METHODS. Nine hundred ninety-nine previously untreated eligible patients entered the study after surgery and were randomized or assigned to therapy by IRS Clinical Group (I-IV), tumor site, and histologic type. Outcomes were compared between treatments and with results of IRS-I (1972-1978). RESULTS. Patients in Group I, excluding extremity alveolar (EA) RMS, were randomized to standard vincristine (V), dactinomycin (A), and cyclophosphamide (C) or standard VA. At 5 years, disease-free survival (DFS) and survival (S) rates were similar between VAC and VA (DFS: 80%, 70%, P = 0.47; S: 85%, 84%, P = 0.73). Patients in Group II, excluding EA RMS, received radiation and were randomized to intensive VA or repetitive-pulse VAC. Outcomes were similar for rates of DFS (69%, 74%, P = 0.83) and S (88%, 79%, P = 0.17). Patients in Group III, excluding certain pelvic tumors, received radiation and were randomized to repetitive-pulse VAC or repetitive-pulse VAdrC-VAC (Adr, Adriamycin [doxorubicin]). Complete remission (CR) rates were close at 74%, 78%, respectively (P = 0.32), as were percentages in CR (73%) and S (66%) rates; the latter outcomes were significantly better than IRS-I (CR: 56%, P < 0.001; S: 50%, P < 0.001). Central nervous system prophylaxis for Group III patients with cranial parameningeal sarcoma increased S rate to 67% from 45% in IRS-I (P < 0.001). Patients in Group IV received the same regimens as Group III; the CR rate was 53%, 38% remained in CR and S rate was 27% with and 26% without Adr (P = 0.90). At 5 years, S rate for IRS-II, including EA and all pelvic tumors, was 63%: an 8% increase over IRS-I (P < 0.001). Outcomes by primary site were as good as, or better than, the IRS-I experience. CONCLUSIONS. Combining all Groups and treatments in IRS-II, the major improvement in S rate at 5 years between studies was in nonmetastatic patients (71% for IRS-II versus 63% for IRS-I, P = 0.01). <22> UI - 93194752 AU - Ball ED AU - Rybka WB IN - Division of Hematology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania. TI - Autologous bone marrow transplantation for adult acute leukemia. [Review] [113 refs] SO - Hematology - Oncology Clinics of North America 1993 Feb;7(1):201-31 AB - In this review we have considered the role of ABMT for the acute leukemias. It is apparent from data around the world that ABMT is a curative therapy for patients with both AML and ALL after primary treatment failure. Other than allogeneic BMT, ABMT may be the only curative therapy following relapse, especially in AML. The role of ABMT in first CR is less well defined. There are few data to support the widespread use of ABMT in first CR for ALL. Moreover, the improved survival of adults with ALL with current intense multiagent regimens will probably obviate the need to continue clinical trials of ABMT for ALL in first CR. For patients with AML in first CR, however, it seems that ABMT may well lead to improved rates of DFS compared with chemotherapy alone. Almost every published report describes better DFS for patients who underwent ABMT compared with historical or contemporary controls who were treated with chemotherapy. One note of caution is that as chemotherapy evolves, the increment in survival currently observed from ABMT may diminish, thus rendering ABMT less obviously necessary. On the other hand, from an economic standpoint, ABMT could prove to be cost-effective, because a short, intense treatment that is effective may prove to be less costly than the current extended period of chemotherapy. Because ABMT is becoming safer, it would seem reasonable to continue its use in patients with AML at high risk for relapse (secondary AML, adverse cytogenetics, and so on) while awaiting the outcome of the randomized clinical trials currently underway that are seeking to define the role of ABMT for the general population of patients with AML after initial remission is achieved. Meanwhile, further definition of the relative value of the various purging regimens, preparative regimens, and adjunctive therapy (i.e., IL-2, mAb) warrants study. [References: 113] <23> UI - 93161714 AU - Isokangas P AU - Alanen P AU - Tiekso J IN - Ylivieska Health Care Center, Finland. TI - The clinician's ability to identify caries risk subjects without saliva tests--a pilot study. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1993 Feb;21(1):8-10 AB - The average clinician's ability to identify caries risk children without any saliva tests was studied in field conditions. The results suggest that a clinician can reach a high level in prediction of future caries occurrence through the use of clinical and sociodemographic information routinely available at annual clinical examinations. <24> UI - 93161702 AU - Gonzalez M AU - Cabrera R AU - Grossi SG AU - Franco F AU - Aguirre A IN - Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City. TI - Prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis in a population of Mexican schoolchildren. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1993 Feb;21(1):11-4 AB - The prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis was assessed in schoolchildren of the Tlalpan region in Mexico City. A total of 700 children (age range: 11-17 yr) of both sexes were examined. The sample population included children attending the Middle-School System, where two shifts are run (A.M. and P.M.). Decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS), and Gingival Index (GI) were recorded for all existing teeth. Analysis of the data showed that mean DMFS scores increased with chronological age in both genders, were higher in the P.M. session, and more elevated in females. Similarly the mean GI scores also increased with age, and were higher in the P.M. session. In contrast to the DMFS scores, males presented higher GI scores than females at all age intervals. The results of our study indicated a distinctively high prevalence of caries and gingivitis in Mexican schoolchildren. <25> UI - 93139336 AU - Leverett DH AU - Proskin HM AU - Featherstone JD AU - Adair SM AU - Eisenberg AD AU - Mundorff-Shrestha SA AU - Shields CP AU - Shaffer CL AU - Billings RJ IN - Department of Community Dentistry, Eastman Dental Center, Rochester, New York 14620. TI - Caries risk assessment in a longitudinal discrimination study. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1993 Feb;72(2):538-43 AB - Our objective was to develop and perfect a model for the assessment of risk of dental caries onset in children. Even though dental caries prevalence in children is continuing to decline, there is still a significant minority for whom it is a problem. In this study, we sought to ascertain whether a set of variables selected in a previous cross-sectional study could be used to differentiate between caries-free six-year-olds who would or would not subsequently present with clinically-detectable caries. A total of 472 caries-free six-year-olds--286 from a fluoridated community and 186 from a fluoride-deficient community--was selected. Clinical examinations for DMFS, dental fluorosis, and plaque were conducted. Stimulated whole saliva was collected for analysis of mutants streptococci, lactobacilli, total viable flora, and fluoride, calcium, and phosphate concentrations. A questionnaire was used for collection of demographic data as well as information on prior fluoride exposure, dietary habits, and oral hygiene practices. By means of linear discriminant analyses, it was possible to predict correctly which children would develop caries within six to 12 months (sensitivity) in 82.8% of cases and which children would not develop caries during that period (specificity) in 82.4% of cases. <26> UI - 93139335 AU - Leverett DH AU - Featherstone JD AU - Proskin HM AU - Adair SM AU - Eisenberg AD AU - Mundorff-Shrestha SA AU - Shields CP AU - Shaffer CL AU - Billings RJ IN - Department of Community Dentistry, Eastman Dental Center, Rochester, New York 14620. TI - Caries risk assessment by a cross-sectional discrimination model. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1993 Feb;72(2):529-37 AB - Although the prevalence of dental caries is continuing to decline, it still affects a majority of the US population and can be a serious problem for those afflicted. The objective of this project was to develop and perfect a model for assessment of risk of dental caries onset in children. In the first study, reported herein, a set of clinical, microbiological, biochemical, and socio-demographic variables was identified that distinguished, with an acceptable level of sensitivity and specificity, between children who had no previous caries experience and children who had high caries levels. A total of 313 children--age 12-15 years, 140 from a fluoridated community and 173 from a fluoride-deficient community--was selected on the basis of previous caries experience, either zero DMFS or high DMFS (> or = 6 in the fluoridated or > or = 8 in the fluoride-deficient community). Clinical exams for DMFS, dental fluorosis, and plaque were conducted. Stimulated whole saliva was collected for analysis of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, total viable flora, and fluoride concentration. A questionnaire was used for collection of demographic data as well as information on prior fluoride exposure, dietary habits, and oral hygiene practices. By means of discriminant analyses, with use of seven key clinical and laboratory variables, it was possible for zero-DMFS subjects to e classified correctly (specificity) in 77.6% of cases in the fluoridated community and in 86.1% of cases in the fluoride-deficient community. High-caries subjects were classified as such (sensitivity) in 79.3% and 88.1% of cases, respectively. <27> UI - 93107272 AU - Granath L AU - Cleaton-Jones P AU - Fatti LP AU - Grossman ES IN - Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden. TI - Prevalence of dental caries in 4- to 5-year-old children partly explained by presence of salivary mutans streptococci. SO - Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1993 Jan;31(1):66-70 AB - The correlation between dental caries and the number of oral mutans group streptococci (ms) present has been shown to be weak. The aim of this investigation was to study associations between caries experience (decayed, missing, and filled surfaces [dmfs]) and the number of ms in stimulated saliva, with emphasis on the level of disease and the confounding effect of regular intake of sweets, the presence of salivary lactobacilli, and oral hygiene. In some 2,700 4- to 5-year-old South African children of different ethnic origins, caries was diagnosed on the basis of World Health Organization criteria and saliva samples were analyzed for ms after cultivation on mitis salivarius-bacitracin agar and for lactobacilli by using the Dentocult kit. Oral hygiene was scored on the basis of the Greene and Vermillion simplified debris index, while data on intake of sweets were derived from extensive interviews. Pearson's coefficient of correlation was computed, and multiple regression analysis was performed to correct for confounding factors. The distribution of the children in the eight caries classes was strongly associated with the ms class (P < 0.001), with those in the lower ms classes generally having low dmfs scores and those in the higher ms classes having dmfs scores distributed over the whole range. The r value for the two variables was 0.25 for the total material; this was reduced to 0.18 by correction for confounding factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) <28> UI - 93378494 AU - Ivanovic Marincovich D IN - University of Chile, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Santiago. TI - Nutrition and education. IV. Clinical signs of malnutrition and its relationship with socioeconomic, anthropometric, dietetic and educational achievement parameters. SO - Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion 1992 Mar;42(1):15-25 AB - The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of clinical signs of malnutrition, and to measure the interrelationship with socioeconomic, anthropometric, dietetic and educational achievement parameters. A random sample of 550 Chilean elementary and high school graduates (1:1), of both sexes (1:1), from public and private schools (1:1) and from high, medium and low socioeconomic status (SES) (1:1:1), was chosen in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago, Chile. SES was measured through the Graffar Modified Scale. Clinical signs of malnutrition were assessed according to Jelliffe. Nutritional status was determined by means of anthropometric measurements: percentages of weight/age (W/A), height/age (H/A) and weight for height (W/H) were compared with the WHO Tables; head circumference/age (HC/A) with the Tanner Tables, and branchial anthropometric parameters by applying the Frisancho norms. Standard procedures for the 24 hour dietary recall interviews were used to collect data, and adequacy of intake was assessed by the FAO/WHO pattern. Educational achievement (EA) was measured through the Achievement Evaluation Program, (AEP) and Academic Aptitude Test (AAT) in elementary and high school graduates, respectively. Results showed that apart from caries (87.5%), most prevalent clinical signs of malnutrition were dermatosis (13.4%), follicular hyperkeratosis type I (13.2%), nasolabial dyssebacea (7.9%), lustreless hair (7.7%), angular stomatitis (4.4%) and cheilosis (2.7%). The number of clinical signs of malnutrition was found inversely and significantly associated with SES, H/A, vitamin A and calcium intake, as well as with EA, besides registering a lower nutrient intake, specially for energy, riboflavin and niacin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) <29> UI - 93288818 AU - Mertz-Fairhurst EJ AU - Smith CD AU - Williams JE AU - Sherrer JD AU - Mackert JR Jr AU - Richards EE AU - Schuster GS AU - O'Dell NL AU - Pierce KL AU - Kovarik RE AU - et al IN - Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, School of Dentistry, Augusta 30912. TI - Cariostatic and ultraconservative sealed restorations: six-year results. SO - Quintessence International 1992 Dec;23(12):827-38 AB - The objective of this clinical study was to determine the ability of an ultraconservative, sealed composite resin restoration, without a traditional cavity preparation and without the removal of the carious lesion, to arrest Class I caries. Tooth preparation was limited to placing a bevel in the enamel. These restorations were compared, over 6 years, with (1) ultraconservative, localized, sealed amalgam restorations with no extension for prevention and (2) traditional, unsealed amalgam restorations with the usual extension for prevention outline form. Caries was arrested by the ultraconservative, sealed composite resin restorations for 6 years. Complete sealant retention on the sealed amalgam restorations was somewhat lower than that on the sealed composite resin restorations; conversely, partial sealant retention was higher for the sealed amalgam group. The marginal integrity of the sealed amalgam restorations was significantly superior to that of the unsealed amalgam restorations. The sealant also protected Class I posterior composite resin restorations against wear. <30> UI - 93193123 AU - Downer MC IN - Institute of Dental Surgery, Eastman Dental Hospital, London, UK. TI - Time trends in caries experience of children in England and Wales. SO - Caries Research 1992;26(6):466-72 AB - Regular national surveys of child and adult dental health and regionally coordinated surveys of caries experience in children provide a comprehensive picture of secular changes in disease levels in England and Wales. The substantial decrease in mean dmft in 5-year-olds between 1973 and 1983, amounting to 7.7% per annum, slowed to 0.9% per annum between 1983 and 1989/90. Conversely the decline in DMFT in older children and adolescents has accelerated more than twofold since 1983. In some parts of the country, caries experience at 5 years has shown a small increase and possible reasons for this are discussed. The validity of the survey data is examined and ways of consolidating and maintaining the downward trend in disease are considered. <31> UI - 93137134 AU - Deery C AU - Pitts NB IN - Department of Dental Health, University of Dundee, Dental School. TI - The differentiation of sealant restorations from preventive fissure sealants, in subjects with clear sealants. SO - Community Dental Health 1992 Dec;9(4):385-90 AB - The aim of this study was to assess whether preventive fissure sealants could be differentiated from sealant restorations. The problem of being unable to differentiate between these two tooth states has implications for practitioners and epidemiologists (Davies, 1990). One hundred and seventeen permanent molar teeth, all sealed with a clear sealant, were examined under two types of conditions. These were the Daray 'Versatile light'; mirror, wet teeth, and the Daray 'Operating light 2'; mirror, dry teeth. The subjects' records were subsequently consulted to provide the validating criteria. The results suggest that in a dental hospital environment, when a clear sealant material is in place, it is possible to differentiate between preventive fissure sealants and sealant restorations. It would seem, however, that the 'sealant-alone' variety of sealant restoration was the one most often mistaken for a preventive fissure sealant. The different examination conditions did not markedly affect the examiners' ability to differentiate between the two tooth stage. <32> UI - 93141225 AU - Wenzel A AU - Halse A IN - Royal Dental College, Aarhus, Denmark. TI - Digital subtraction radiography after stannous fluoride treatment for occlusal caries diagnosis. SO - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1992 Dec;74(6):824-8 AB - The material in this study consisted of 38 fully erupted, extracted third molars without clinical cavitation in the occlusal surface. A radiograph was made of each tooth before and after 5, 10, and 20 minutes of stannous fluoride treatment. The radiographs were digitized and subtraction performed between the images obtained after stannous fluoride treatment and the pretreatment image. Two observers assessed the stannous fluoride treated radiographic and the subtraction images on a monitor: 0 = no change, 1 = intensity increase (white area interpreted as a carious lesion) in dentinoenamel area. Caries was assessed on conventional film radiographs made before treatment: 0 = no caries in dentin, 1 = caries in dentin. The presence of caries in dentin was validated histologically. Sensitivity for intensity increase as a sign of caries was overall higher for the subtraction images based on 20-minute treatment than for the radiographic images (0.025 > p > 0.01) but not significantly higher than for the conventional radiographs. However, neither observer gave false-positive scorings in the subtraction images, whereas observer 1 had five false-positive scorings on the conventional films. Observer 2 had none. The subtraction method did not provide a higher sensitivity for dentinal occlusal caries than conventional film radiography, but the intensity increase could be trusted more than the traditional radiolucency as a sign of a dentinal lesion. <33> UI - 93099750 AU - Disney JA AU - Abernathy JR AU - Graves RC AU - Mauriello SM AU - Bohannan HM AU - Zack DD IN - Department of Dental Ecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7450. TI - Comparative effectiveness of visual/tactile and simplified screening examinations in caries risk assessment. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1992 Dec;20(6):326-32 AB - Central to the development of a model for identifying children at high risk to caries is a clinical evaluation to assess dental status and other conditions potentially useful in caries prediction. Traditionally, this evaluation has been based on a relatively lengthy visual/tactile examination conducted by a dentist. Replacing the dentist examination with a dental auxiliary conducted screening evaluation could lead to reduced time and costs. The 4-yr University of North Carolina Caries Risk Assessment Study involved approximately 5000 schoolchildren initially in Grades 1 and 5 living near Aiken, South Carolina, and Portland, Maine. The effectiveness of caries prediction models using visual/tactile examination data were compared with the same models using simplified screening evaluation data. Results showed sensitivity ranged from 0.57 to 0.61 for the visual/tactile and screening models by site and grade cohort. Specificity for the models ranged from 0.80 to 0.83. None of these differences in sensitivity and specificity between visual/tactile (dentist) and screening (hygienist) models was statistically significant. Findings show that for the prediction of children at high risk to dental caries the clinical evaluation may be conducted with no reduction of precision by using dental hygienist performed screening evaluations rather than dentist conducted visual/tactile examinations. While no cost data were collected, these results imply that costs to future prediction programs could be reduced by using screening evaluations. <34> UI - 93099748 AU - Beck JD AU - Weintraub JA AU - Disney JA AU - Graves RC AU - Stamm JW AU - Kaste LM AU - Bohannan HM IN - Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599. TI - University of North Carolina Caries Risk Assessment Study: comparisons of high risk prediction, any risk prediction, and any risk etiologic models. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1992 Dec;20(6):313-21 AB - The purpose of this analysis is to compare three different statistical models for predicting children likely to be at risk of developing dental caries over a 3-yr period. Data are based on 4117 children who participated in the University of North Carolina Caries Risk Assessment Study, a longitudinal study conducted in the Aiken, South Carolina, and Portland, Maine areas. The three models differed with respect to either the types of variables included or the definition of disease outcome. The two "Prediction" models included both risk factor variables thought to cause dental caries and indicator variables that are associated with dental caries, but are not thought to be causal for the disease. The "Etiologic" model included only etiologic factors as variables. A dichotomous outcome measure--none or any 3-yr increment, was used in the "Any Risk Etiologic model" and the "Any Risk Prediction Model". Another outcome, based on a gradient measure of disease, was used in the "High Risk Prediction Model". The variables that are significant in these models vary across grades and sites, but are more consistent among the Etiologic model than the Predictor models. However, among the three sets of models, the Any Risk Prediction Models have the highest sensitivity and positive predictive values, whereas the High Risk Prediction Models have the highest specificity and negative predictive values. Considerations in determining model preference are discussed. <35> UI - 93085029 AU - Steiner M AU - Helfenstein U AU - Marthaler TM IN - Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Switzerland. TI - Dental predictors of high caries increment in children. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1992 Dec;71(12):1926-33 AB - A comprehensive set of dental variables was investigated to find the "best" combination of predictors for high caries increment in 7/8-year-old and 10/11-year-old children. Four populations with widely different caries prevalence were studied. Logistic regression analysis supplied multiple-input models by stepwise selection of predictors. A "low number of sound primary molars" was the best and most consistent predictor of high caries increment. The second best predictors were "high numbers of pre-cavity lesions on permanent first molars" (discolored pits and fissures in the younger age group and white spots on the smooth parts of buccolingual surfaces in the older age group). Inclusion of radiological variables did not substantially increase the quality of prediction. For practical application, models with various multiple inputs selected by stepwise procedures were compared with "fixed" three-input models. These three-input models resulted in predictive quality nearly equal to those of the multiple models. Traditional one-input models, containing DMFT or dmft, were inferior to the three-input models, particularly in the older age class. The lower the caries prevalence of the source data, the better was the prediction. As a summary measure characterizing the predictive performance of a model, we used the index "area under the receiver operating characteristic curve" A. For the 1984 data and the three-input models, the area was approximately 80%, and for the 1972 data, the area was 65-70%. <36> UI - 93082551 AU - Demers M AU - Brodeur JM AU - Mouton C AU - Simard PL AU - Trahan L AU - Veilleux G IN - School of Dentistry, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. TI - A multivariate model to predict caries increment in Montreal children aged 5 years. SO - Community Dental Health 1992 Sep;9(3):273-81 AB - A study was carried out in Montreal (Canada) to predict caries development over the period of one year in primary teeth of kindergarten children (mean age 5 years 8 months +/- 4 months) living in a non-fluoridated area. The 302 children were examined at school on two occasions, one year apart. At the first examination selected predictors were collected: caries experience, salivary S. mutans and lactobacilli, buffer capacity, debris index, parents' education, fluoride consumption and family structure (one or two parents). Regression analysis was performed to select the significant factors. A total of 143 children developed new caries over the study period; the mean increment for the whole group was 2.1 dmfs. Sensitivity (Sn) and specificity (Sp) were calculated for each predictor and for the final model. The best model comprised only two factors, caries experience and lactobacillus. This could identify 81.8 per cent of children who would develop new caries during the next 12 months (Sn) and 77.4 per cent of those who would not (Sp). Among the single predictors caries experience alone reached 78.3 per cent for sensitivity and 77.4 per cent for specificity. None of the other predictors, except parents' education, was very good at predicting caries increment over one year. <37> UI - 93080753 AU - Boyd RL IN - Department of Growth and Development, University of California, San Francisco. TI - Two-year longitudinal study of a peroxide-fluoride rinse on decalcification in adolescent orthodontic patients. SO - Journal of Clinical Dentistry 1992;3(3):83-7 AB - The purpose of the present study was to determine if once daily use of a 1.5% H2O2 rinse with 0.05% NaF was more effective in preventing decalcification in adolescent orthodontic patients than comparable use of a 0.05% NaF rinse without H2O2, or in patients using no rinse at all. Ninety-five subjects were selected consecutively from adolescents scheduled to receive fixed orthodontic treatment on both dental arches. Three groups were formed that were matched in percentages for age and sex. The first group (control group, n = 35) used a 1100 ppm F toothpaste only. The second group (NaF rinse group, n = 30) used both the same toothpaste and a once daily 0.05% NaF rinse. The third group (H2O2-NaF rinse group, n = 30) used the toothpaste and a once daily rinse containing both 0.05% NaF and 1.5% H2O2. Decalcification was assessed single-blind on the facial surfaces of all erupted teeth at baseline (before appliances were placed), and 3 months after fixed appliances were removed. The difference between baseline and post-treatment decalcification levels determined the incidence of decalcification during orthodontic treatment. Since the first molars were found to have the highest decalcification scores, separate analyses of variance were carried out for the whole mouth and first molar assessments. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed no significant differences between any of the groups before orthodontic treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) <38> UI - 93047807 AU - Ismail AI AU - Brodeur JM AU - Gagnon P AU - Payette M AU - Picard D AU - Hamalian T AU - Olivier M AU - Eastwood BJ IN - Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. TI - Prevalence of non-cavitated and cavitated carious lesions in a random sample of 7-9-year-old schoolchildren in Montreal, Quebec. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1992 Oct;20(5):250-5 AB - This report describes the prevalence of non-cavitated and cavitated carious lesions in 911 randomly selected children in grades one through three on the Island of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The criteria for diagnosis were developed for a longitudinal epidemiological study of restorative treatment decisions by dentists practising under a provincial dental insurance program for children. The intra- and inter-examiner reliability correlation coefficients of the two examiners were excellent (Kappa > or = 0.80). The most frequent carious lesion found in the examined children were non-cavitated carious lesions (incipient) within 1.5 of the gingival line on smooth tooth surfaces, and stained or non-cavitated carious lesions on pits and fissures. Out of 911 children in the study, 19.6% had sealants. Children whose parents completed a university education had a significantly lower prevalence of non-cavitated and cavitated carious lesions and fillings, and a significantly higher mean number of sealants than children whose parents had only primary school education. Education status of the parents was a significant risk marker of children with high caries experience and these children had a significantly higher mean number of non-cavitated carious lesions. This study has found that non-cavitated carious lesions are significantly more prevalent than cavitated carious lesions in children. <39> UI - 93019411 AU - Bramwell VH AU - Burgers M AU - Sneath R AU - Souhami R AU - van Oosterom AT AU - Voute PA AU - Rouesse J AU - Spooner D AU - Craft AW AU - Somers R AU - et al IN - London Regional Cancer Centre, East London, Canada. TI - A comparison of two short intensive adjuvant chemotherapy regimens in operable osteosarcoma of limbs in children and young adults: the first study of the European Osteosarcoma Intergroup. SO - Journal of Clinical Oncology 1992 Oct;10(10):1579-91 AB - PURPOSE: A randomized pilot study was undertaken to assess the acute and chronic toxicities of two short intensive chemotherapy regimens, and to evaluate the feasibility of conservative surgery in this setting. Additional aims were to determine the clinical and radiologic response and the degree of histologic necrosis after chemotherapy. With extension of the study, eventual accrual was sufficient to compare disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between July 1983 and December 1986, the European Osteosarcoma Intergroup (EOI) entered 198 eligible patients with classic high-grade extremity osteosarcoma onto a randomized trial that compared doxorubicin (DOX) 25 mg/m2/d times three, intravenous (IV) bolus plus cisplatin (CDDP) 100 mg/m2, 24 hour infusion, every 3 weeks times six; the same combination was preceded 10 days earlier by high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) 8 g/m2, 6-hour infusion, every 4.5 weeks times four. In the majority of patients (179), chemotherapy was commenced after biopsy; definitive surgery was scheduled at 9 weeks in both groups. RESULTS: Toxicities for both regimens did not differ substantially from those that occurred in other trials of adjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcoma. Local recurrence (9%) and surgical complications (18%) after conservative surgery were acceptable. With a median follow-up of 53 months, DFS at 5 years is superior (P = .02) for DOX/CDDP, 57% versus 41%, although OS, 64% versus 50%, is not different significantly (P = .10). In a subset of 66 patients for whom pathologic data on the resected specimen were available, DFS (P = .003) and OS (P = .008) were better for those who demonstrated > or = 90% necrosis. CONCLUSION: A brief intensive chemotherapy regimen of DOX/CDDP has produced excellent long-term results, which are similar to those that have been achieved in cooperative group studies of longer, more complex multiagent chemotherapy, and provide the basis for a direct comparison in the next EOI study. <40> UI - 93029224 AU - Saleh N AU - Peretz B AU - Rehany Al AU - Zyskind D AU - Hirschfeld Z AU - Stark M IN - Hebrew University, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel. TI - One-year clinical evaluation of an anterior composite resin. SO - Quintessence International 1992 Aug;23(8):559-67 AB - An anterior composite resin was evaluated in a clinical study of 93 Class III and Class IV restorations placed in patients aged 12 to 50 years. The restorations were evaluated at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year. Sixty-four (79%) of the 81 restorations examined at the 1-year recall were unchanged. Marginal discoloration and changes in surface appearance and marginal adaptation accounted for most of the changes. All changes appeared in patients younger than 14 years, which may indicate that the patients had problems in oral hygiene. Replicas of randomly selected restorations showed smooth surfaces and well-sealed margins with a smooth transition from restoration to enamel. Some restorations showed marginal breakdown and a pitted irregular surface. <41> UI - 92405506 AU - Graves RC AU - Disney JA AU - Beck JD AU - Abernathy JR AU - Stamm JW AU - Bohannan HM IN - Department of Dental Ecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599. TI - The University of North Carolina caries risk assessment study: caries increments of misclassified children. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1992 Aug;20(4):169-74 AB - The University of North Carolina caries risk assessment was conducted between 1986 and 1989 with 5000 children initially in grades 1 and 5 from low fluoride sites in South Carolina and Maine. Clinical, microbiologic, behavioral, and demographic factors served as independent variables used in logistic multiple regression models to determine the predicted caries risk classification of each child. The 3-yr DMFS increment of each child was the dependent variable, and the 20-25% of those in each cohort with the highest increment were considered the high risk group. Sensitivity and specificity values averaged 0.60 and 0.83 respectively, indicating the misclassification of substantial numbers of children. This paper reports analysis of the DMFS increments of the misclassified children. The majority of children had DMFS increments within one or two surfaces of the classification cut points. Many false negative children had increments composed entirely of filled surfaces, often of minimal extent and without evidence of previous decay. Many false positive children had increments composed of decayed surfaces and would have benefitted from being identified as high risk and assigned to a preventive program. Other false positive children had sealants placed after the baseline examination that undoubtedly reduced their true increment. It is concluded that the consequences of misclassification are not serious for most children in this study. <42> UI - 92393776 AU - Pitts NB AU - Rimmer PA IN - Department of Dental Health, Dental School, Dundee, UK. TI - An in vivo comparison of radiographic and directly assessed clinical caries status of posterior approximal surfaces in primary and permanent teeth. SO - Caries Research 1992;26(2):146-52 AB - At general dental practices in Scotland 211 children between the ages of 5 and 15 years were examined by 1 observer. A comparison of the status of 1,468 permanent and 756 primary posterior approximal surfaces was made on the basis of their appearance on posterior bite-wing radiographs and the findings of a direct in vivo visual examination, made after temporary tooth separation had been achieved over 1 week using elastomeric separation. For permanent tooth surfaces, 0% of radiolucencies in the outer half of enamel, 10.5% in the inner half of enamel, 40.9% extending to the outer half of dentine, and 100% extending to the inner half of the dentine were found clinically to be cavitated. The analogous results for primary teeth were that 2.0, 2.9, 28.3, and 95.5%, respectively, of radiolucencies appeared to be cavitated. Although further research with larger numbers of permanent teeth is indicated, these results may contribute to a re-evaluation of the optimal threshold for restorative intervention at approximal sites. Greater numbers of approximal radiolucencies and carious lesions (p less than 0.001) were found in those surfaces which initially had a normal anatomical contact when compared to those which did not. <43> UI - 92360509 AU - Katz L AU - Ripa LW AU - Petersen M TI - Nursing caries in Head Start children, St. Thomas U.S. Virgin Islands: assessed by examiners with different dental backgrounds. SO - Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 1992 Winter;16(2):124-8 AB - The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of nursing caries in 3- to 5-year-old Head Start (HS) children on St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands and to assess the reliability of examiners with different dental backgrounds. A dentist, hygienist, and nondental HS personnel participated in a 1/2 day training session (lecture and workshop) and then independently conducted visual examinations for caries of the maxillary anterior teeth including nursing caries. Twenty-three HS personnel examined a total of 375 children; the dentist and hygienist examined a random sample of 74 and 73 children, respectively. Seventy-one children received all three independent examinations. Reliability was assessed by percent agreement, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa value. The dentist found 41% of the children had caries of the maxillary incisors, which included nursing caries. The percentage of children with nursing caries was 12%. There was strong-to-good diagnostic agreement between the dentist and hygienist. The HS personnel also found that 12% of the children had nursing caries, but the diagnostic agreement between the dentist and HS personnel was only good-to-fair. <44> UI - 92370487 AU - Downer MC TI - The quality of caries data from the national and BASCD surveys [editorial]. SO - Community Dental Health 1992 Jun;9(2):107-8 <45> UI - 92370492 AU - Booth JM AU - Mitropoulos CM AU - Worthington HV IN - Princess Royal Community Health Centre, Huddersfield, UK. TI - A comparison between the dental health of 3-year-old children living in fluoridated Huddersfield and non-fluoridated Dewsbury in 1989. SO - Community Dental Health 1992 Jun;9(2):151-7 AB - A study was undertaken to compare the prevalence of dental caries and developmental defects of enamel between 3-year-old children who were lifelong residents of fluoridated areas of Huddersfield (1 ppm F) and non-fluoridated Dewsbury (less than 0.3 ppm F). An interview was also conducted with the parents of the children to provide information regarding previous dental experiences. The study populations were identified using the national child health system. The mean dmft was 0.30 in Huddersfield and 0.74 in Dewsbury. The percentage of children who had experienced dental caries and the percentage with carious teeth were significantly lower in the fluoridated area. The Dewsbury children had suffered more toothache. There was a significantly higher number of children in Huddersfield with diffuse enamel defects on their upper and lower first molars. This study has also demonstrated that the national child health system provides a method for obtaining a random sample of pre-school children from the general population, thus avoiding the problems associated with studies using selected populations. Fluoridation in Huddersfield ceased in October 1989 and it is hoped that this decision will be reversed as soon as possible. <46> UI - 92308478 AU - Marks RG AU - D'Agostino R AU - Moorhead JE AU - Conti AJ AU - Cancro L IN - J-212 JHMHC, Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610. TI - A fluoride dose-response evaluation in an anticaries clinical trial. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1992 Jun;71(6):1286-91 AB - This study evaluated the dose-response relationship between four increasing levels of fluoride from 1000 to 2500 ppm F as sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) and three-year dental caries increments, as measured by DMFS, DMFT, and DFS-A on 4424 schoolchildren. The results indicated consistent linear decreases in all three dental indices as the dose level increased to 2500 ppm F MFP, with slopes (average reductions) of 0.32 in DMFS for an increase of 1000 ppm F, 0.13 in DMFT, and 0.17 in DFS-A when all children were evaluated, p less than 0.03 for each index. For children 11 years and older at baseline, the slopes quadrupled, p less than 0.01 for each index. Age and baseline DMFS were shown to be the most important covariates to control for in the statistical models. No differences in adverse reactions, or other safety problems, were observed at the different dose levels. <47> UI - 92331086 AU - Downer MC AU - Worthington HV IN - Institute of Dental Surgery, Eastman Dental Hospital, London, UK. TI - The status of bite-wing radiographs in enhancing discriminatory ability in caries prophylactic clinical trials. SO - Caries Research 1992;26(3):195-200 AB - Data were taken from six randomised controlled trials of caries prophylactic agents in order to investigate the capacity of bite-wing radiographs of posterior approximal tooth surfaces to enhance discrimination between test and control group measurements. The findings showed that, where an active control agent was employed, the addition of radiographic to clinical examination data failed to improve discriminatory power in comparisons between 3-year caries increments. <48> UI - 92331085 AU - Wenzel A AU - Fejerskov O IN - Department of Oral Radiology, Royal Dental College, Aarhus, Denmark. TI - Validity of diagnosis of questionable caries lesions in occlusal surfaces of extracted third molars. SO - Caries Research 1992;26(3):188-94 AB - This study was to evaluate the accuracy of visual inspection, conventional radiography, and digital radiographic methods for the detection of occlusal carious lesions in third molars from a present-day adolescent population. Seventy-eight third molars, considered clinically to be without occlusal cavities, were extracted from young soldiers. Before extraction, an intra-oral radiograph was obtained. After extraction, the teeth were examined visually as per the criteria: 0 = no caries, 1 = chalky/stained fissure indicative of enamel caries, 2 = chalky and dark-stained fissure considered indicative of a dentinal lesion, and 3 = as per criterion 2, but with small surface defects (microcavities). The radiographs were digitised, and image enhancement with contrast stretch and a filtering procedure was performed, respectively. The three types of radiographic image were assessed as per the criteria: 1 = no caries/caries confined to enamel, 2 = caries involving the outermost dentine, and 3 = deep dentinal caries extending half-way or more to the pulp. Ground sections (500-600 microns in thickness) served as validation for lesion depth. The digital radiographic method with contrast stretch performed overall best of the four methods (greater than 70% detection rate) while visual inspection (53% detection rate) performed better than conventional radiography (48% detection rate). When results from visual inspection and conventional radiography were combined, an increase in the detection rate of 11% was obtained with a 7% increase in false-positive scorings. When digitally contrast-manipulated radiographs were combined with visual inspection, a gain of 33% was obtained with an 11% increase in false positives.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) <49> UI - 92314998 AU - Helfernstein U AU - Steiner M IN - Biostatistical Center, University of Zurich, Switzerland. TI - Prediction of costs in a selective caries prevention programme. SO - Community Dental Health 1992 Mar;9(1):49-55 AB - A method is proposed for the prediction of the costs of a selective caries prevention programme; that is one where preventive treatment is given only to individuals who have been classified as at high risk of caries. A person so identified may be correctly classified as "high risk" or misclassified as "low risk". Similarly, a person at low risk may be correctly classified or misclassified as high risk. Therefore costs have to be calculated for each of the four situations, and expected frequencies of all four possible classifications have to be taken into account. After the identification of a logistic regression model which permits the prediction of whether a child will experience a high caries increment, sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) can be calculated for a set of different decision rules (critical scores, cutpoints or cut-off points Pcp). An example is presented in detail to demonstrate how the expected costs etc. for a specified prevention programme can be calculated without additional effort. The plotting of SN, SP and measures of costs as functions of Pcp permits the anticipation of expected effects of a caries prevention programme and helps to choose the appropriate cutpoint. Such plots may be helpful when comparing different caries prevention programmes and when deciding whether such a programme should be started. <50> UI - 92322311 AU - Pitts NB AU - Davies JA IN - Department of Dental Health, University of Dundee, Dental School. TI - The Scottish Health Boards' Dental Epidemiological Programme: initial surveys of 5- and 12-year-olds. SO - British Dental Journal 1992 Jun 6;172(11):408-13 AB - The Scottish Health Boards' Dental Epidemiological Programme, a joint venture between the Scottish Chief Administrative Dental Officers and the Dental Health Services Research Unit at the University of Dundee, was instigated in 1987 in response to the Chief Dental Officer's concern at the lack of any coordinated dental health information about children residing in the 15 Scottish Health Board areas. Each year a standardised dental survey of a random sample of children is now undertaken across Scotland. This paper reports, principally, the caries results of the first three surveys of 5, 12 and 5-year-olds undertaken at the end of 1987, 1988 and 1989, respectively. Marked variations in caries prevalence were found in different parts of Scotland, higher levels being recorded in the urbanised central belt and in the West. While there have been overall improvements since 1983, caries prevalence in Scotland remains substantially higher than in many other parts of the UK (mean DMFT for 12-year-olds in 1988 = 2.23, mean dmft for 5-year-olds in 1989 = 2.82), with 67.8% of 12-year-olds and 59.2% of 5-year-olds (in 1988 and 1989, respectively) still suffering from dentinal caries or past caries experience (DMFT/dmft greater than 0) when assessed by clinical examination alone. No continued improvement in caries prevalence was seen in the 1989 survey of 5-year-olds compared to the 1987 examination. Continued monitoring of this situation is indicated. <51> UI - 92277495 AU - Selwitz RH AU - Colley BJ AU - Rozier RG IN - Epidemiology and Oral Disease Prevention Program, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20816. TI - Factors associated with parental acceptance of dental sealants. SO - Journal of Public Health Dentistry 1992 Spring;52(3):137-45 AB - Whereas a number of surveys have documented oral disease preventive behaviors and associated factors, little is known about public knowledge and beliefs about dental sealants. In this study, factors associated with the presence of sealants were studied in first and second graders residing in Columbia, SC. From a sample of 1,119 children, 88 were found clinically to have sealants; 508 did not have, but needed them. Parents of the sealant children (n = 87) and of a random sample of the no-sealant children (n = 289) were interviewed by telephone to obtain information regarding (1) factors related to parents' inclination to obtain sealants for their children, (2) ability of the family to obtain oral disease preventive services, and (3) the influence of others in the family's decision-making efforts. Analysis of 16 factors thought to be related to sealant presence revealed that parents were more likely to obtain dental sealants for their children if dentists or their staffs recommended them, if the parents were knowledgeable about dental sealants, if the parents were more highly educated, and if the parents had dental insurance coverage. Parents were less likely to obtain dental sealants for their children if they heard about them from mass media. The latter finding is unexpected and may have been influenced by conflicting or negative opinion expressed by some dental practitioners through mass media or other channels of communication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) <52> UI - 92252415 AU - Bernasconi C AU - Lazzarino M AU - Morra E AU - Alessandrino EP AU - Pagnucco G AU - Resegotti L AU - Locatelli F AU - Ficarra F AU - Bacigalupo A AU - Carella AM AU - et al IN - Cattedra di Ematologia, Universita di Pavia, Italy. TI - Early intensification followed by allo-BMT or auto-BMT or a second intensification in adult ALL: a randomized multicenter study. SO - Leukemia 1992;6 Suppl 2:204-8 AB - In January 1987 we started a multicenter study in order to evaluate in adult ALL patients the results of an intensive chemotherapy effected early after CR, and to compare the efficacy of allogeneic BMT vs autologous BMT vs prolonged intensive chemotherapy in the attempt to eradicate minimal residual leukemia. To September 1990 ninety-six patients entered this study; of the 87 evaluable for induction 25 were at low risk and 62 at high risk; 67 (77%) achieved CR by an induction chemotherapy including vincristine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone. Fifty-six out of 67 remitters were enrolled for the early intensification, which consisted of HDAra-C+amsacrine (or IDAra-C+mitoxantrone) followed by vincristine+adriamycin+cyclophosphamide and etoposide+Ara-C. During the early intensification an unexpectedly high number of relapses (10/56) was observed, showing that very intensive treatment with myelosuppressive agents is not useful at this point of the post-remission therapy. One patient suffered toxic death. Out of 45 patients who completed the early intensification 16 had a related well-matched donor and were selected for allogeneic BMT (performed in 11); of the remaining 29 patients, 14 were randomized for autologous BMT (performed in 9) and 15 for a second intensification. The overall DFS at 3 years is 35%. The high number of early relapses makes it difficult to draw conclusions from the comparison of the three eradication modalities. The best results, although without statistical significance, were obtained after allogeneic BMT; in high-risk patients this procedure should be effected as soon as possible after attainment of CR. Autologous BMT and prolonged intensive chemotherapy gave results similar to each other; both were sometimes followed by delayed relapses. <53> UI - 92252392 AU - Harousseau JL AU - Pignon B AU - Dufour P AU - Ifrah N AU - Solary E AU - Abgrall JF AU - Milpied N AU - Desablens B AU - Guyotat D AU - Herve P IN - Department of Haematology, C.H.U., Nantes, France. TI - Autologous bone marrow transplantation vs intensive chemotherapy in first complete remission: interim results of GOELAM study in AML. SO - Leukemia 1992;6 Suppl 2:120-3 AB - In November 1987, the French group GOELAM initiated a randomized study comparing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) and intensive consolidation chemotherapy (ICC). The induction treatment was randomized between Idarubicin plus Cytarabine and Zorubicine plus Cytarabine: 223 patients with de novo AML and aged 15-50 years are currently evaluable and 178 of them (80%) have achieved complete remission (CR) with no significant difference between both arms. Forty four patients under 40 years of age and having a HLA identical sibling were assigned to BMT and 38 were actually transplanted. Thirty of the 134 other patients did not receive the planned first course of ICC, 4 patients died during this course, and 21 were excluded before randomisation. Thus, only 64 patients have currently been randomized between the 2nd course of ICC (34 patients) and ABMT (30 patients). ABMT was prepared by the Baltimore regimen and the marrow was unpurged. With a median follow-up time of 29 months, the actuarial risk of relapse at 3 years is 29% for BMT, 38% for ABMT and 53% for ICC. The 3 year disease free survival (DFS) is 51% for BMT, 62% for ABMT and 47% for ICC. These differences are not statistically significant. When intention to treat is considered, there is no difference in the actuarial DFS between the BMT and the non BMT groups. Longer follow-up time and larger number of patients are warranted to demonstrate any significant advantage of one of these approaches. <54> UI - 92209210 AU - Disney JA AU - Graves RC AU - Stamm JW AU - Bohannan HM AU - Abernathy JR AU - Zack DD IN - Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7450. TI - The University of North Carolina Caries Risk Assessment study: further developments in caries risk prediction. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1992 Apr;20(2):64-75 AB - Over 4000 first and fifth grade children from the areas surrounding Aiken, South Carolina, and Portland, Maine, participated in a 4-yr study to develop caries risk assessment models. The predictors used at baseline included detailed clinical examinations, salivary microbiological tests, and sociodemographic and dental behavior data. Mean 3-yr caries increments in South Carolina were twice those in Maine. For the four risk assessment models (two grade cohorts at two sites) specificity values averaged 0.83 and sensitivity values averaged 0.60. Clinical predictors such as prior DMFS, pit and fissure morphology, and predicted caries risk status were the major contributors to the models. <55> UI - 92225665 AU - Shi Y AU - Barmes D AU - Bratthall D AU - Leclercq MH IN - Beijing Medical University, People's Republic of China. TI - WHO pathfinder caries survey in Beijing extended with data for prevalence of mutans streptococci. SO - International Dental Journal 1992 Feb;42(1):31-6 AB - A pathfinder caries survey was carried out in Beijing, People's Republic of China, using WHO standard methodologies, in order to estimate the trend by comparing the results with the 1981 caries survey, performed in the same area. Simultaneously, the levels of mutans streptococci in the group were estimated in order to define the proportion of children with high and low mutans levels. Twelve-year-old children were randomly selected from schools in five districts within the city limits. Examinations for caries were performed according to 'WHO Oral Health Surveys' by two calibrated examiners. A total of 178 children were examined for caries and 156 of them were randomly selected for saliva sampling of mutans streptococci, using the 'Strip mutans' method. The number of colonies adhering to the strips were compared with a chart, supplied by the manufacturer, and given a score between 0 and 3, indicating low to very high saliva mutans counts, respectively. The results showed a mean DMFT of 1.87 (1.61-0.06-0.20, for decayed, missing and filled teeth respectively); 66.3 per cent of the children were affected. Fourteen per cent had mutans class 0, 28 per cent class 1, 35 per cent class 2 and 23 per cent class 3. The mean DFT, for each mutans class was 0.82, 1.48, 2.09 and 2.69, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P = 0.0015). In the lowest mutans class, 50 per cent had caries and the mean number of teeth requiring conservative care was 0.68. For the high mutans group, the corresponding values were 72 per cent and 2.11 teeth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) <56> UI - 92227029 AU - Kaste LM AU - Marianos D AU - Chang R AU - Phipps KR IN - School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Ecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7450. TI - The assessment of nursing caries and its relationship to high caries in the permanent dentition. SO - Journal of Public Health Dentistry 1992 Winter;52(2):64-8 AB - The prevalence of nursing caries has been found to be high in populations of Native American children, unlike other US population groups. Comparisons among studies are difficult because a variety of operational definitions of the syndrome have been used. This study had two goals. First, a retrospective dental record audit was conducted for a Native American population attending Head Start in 1977-78, to compare the prevalence rates of nursing caries obtained by using different nursing caries classification schemes. Second, we studied the relationship of prior nursing caries to current high caries level determined by a clinical exam in the same children approximately ten years later (N = 88). As expected, different classification schemes yielded different prevalence rates. Classification of nursing caries by buccal or lingual caries in the maxillary incisors found 45 percent of the children with the disorder, vs 61 percent if measured by three or more carious maxillary incisors, or 76 percent if two or more carious maxillary incisors. Nursing caries in these Head Start children, defined by caries on the buccal or lingual surfaces of the maxillary incisors, showed no increased risk of greater than or equal to 5 DMFT at age 15. The Head Start children classified as having nursing caries by two or more, or three or more, decayed maxillary anterior teeth had relative risks (RR) of 1.6 (95% Cl 1.1, 2.4) and 1.4 (95% Cl 1.0, 1.9) for high caries (DMFT greater than or equal to 5) ten years later, whereas the RR for children with a dmft greater than or equal to 5 was 2.4 (95% Cl 1.4, 4.3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) <57> UI - 92191526 AU - Olivier M AU - Brodeur JM AU - Simard PL IN - School of Dental Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. TI - Efficacy of APF treatments without prior toothcleaning targeted to high-risk children. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1992 Feb;20(1):38-42 AB - A clinical field trial was conducted, over a 2-yr period, to evaluate the efficacy of bi-annual APF gel topical applications without previous prophylaxis in reducing dental caries among high-risk children living in non-fluoridated communities. 488 children 6 yr old, presenting at least three cavities on proximal surfaces of their primary teeth, were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group received bi-annual topical APF gel applications and the control group received a placebo. All treatments were given at school without any prior toothcleaning. The APF gel provided a 34.3% reduction in caries incidence (P-value = 0.03) among the children with 3-14 cavities on their primary teeth at the beginning of the study. However, the treatment did not show any efficacy in reducing caries incidence among the higher-risk children having initially more than 14 cavities. These findings suggest that the efficacy of APF gel applications without previous prophylaxis varies according to the individual risk of the subjects and that more comprehensive programs should be targeted to very high-risk children. <58> UI - 92191524 AU - Raadal M AU - Espelid I IN - Department of Pedodontics, University of Bergen, Norway. TI - Caries prevalence in primary teeth as a predictor of early fissure caries in permanent first molars. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1992 Feb;20(1):30-4 AB - The study aimed to examine the validity of employing the caries experience of the primary dentition for predicting early caries in the permanent first molar fissures. Subjects consisted of 192 children who were followed for 2 yr, 91 of whom were pursued for a further year, all receiving semiannual check-ups. The caries prevalence in the primary dentition (dmft), excluding incisors, was recorded at baseline, which was the year the children became 6. Fissure caries in the permanent first molars was recorded as being confined to enamel or dentin, based on findings during cavity preparation. The correlation between dmft and the number of intact permanent first molars was -0.368 and -0.337 after 2 and 3 yr observation respectively. When the children were grouped according to their dmft, a statistically significant relationship was found between the dmft and the number of intact molars in each individual. The positive and negative predictive values as well as the sensitivity and specificity of different dmft values were calculated, and the relationship between them illustrated by the use of ROC curves. Even if there are no specific dmft values which seem obviously favorable for the purpose, these data give information relevant in planning for large scale use of fissure sealing in preventing early fissure caries in permanent first molars. <59> UI - 92191523 AU - Lith A AU - Grondahl HG IN - Department of Oral Radiology, University of Goteborg, Sweden. TI - Predicting development of approximal dentin lesions by means of past caries experience. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1992 Feb;20(1):25-9 AB - The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy in predicting future development of approximal dentin lesions using radiographically observed numbers of restored and carious surfaces at age 13 as diagnostic criteria. ROC curve technique was applied employing the development of at least one new dentin lesion from age 13 to age 15 and 18 respectively, as validating criterion. Two groups of patients were considered, residing in communities with water fluoride content of 0.2 ppm and 1.2 ppm, respectively. Results showed that the development of dentin lesions could be predicted with an accuracy similar to that of many other dental radiographic procedures. This implies that it ought to be possible to use previous caries experience as a means of individualizing the scheduling of future radiographic procedures. <60> UI - 93181324 AU - Silberman SL AU - Trubman A AU - Duncan WK AU - Meydrech EF IN - School of Dentistry, Univ. of Mississippi, Jackson 39216. TI - Prevalence of primary canine hypoplasia of the mandibular teeth. SO - Pediatric Dentistry 1991 Nov-Dec;13(6):356-60 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of an uncommon lesion of the primary mandibular canines (primary canine hypoplasia), and its association with age, race, gender, dental caries, fluoridation status of the drinking water, breast-feeding, and geographic location. The study population comprised 2686 randomly selected children, black and white, 4 and 8 years old, who were enrolled in accredited private and public preschools and elementary schools in Mississippi. There were 1318 males and 1368 females, 1289 white children and 1397 black children, 1353 4-year-olds and 1333 8-year-olds. Results indicate that an association exists for race (P = 0.0001), gender (P = 0.01), and dental caries (P = 0.0001), but not for age (P = 0.07), geographic location (P = 0.73), fluoridation status of the water supply (P = 0.145), or breast-feeding (P = 0.392). The prevalence rate of primary canine hypoplasia was 33.2% for black children and 17.2% for white children. These data indicate that this lesion is significantly more prevalent in blacks than whites, and that teeth with this lesion have a greater probability of developing dental caries. <61> UI - 92320535 AU - Cleaton-Jones P AU - Hargreaves JA AU - Beere D AU - Matejka J AU - Hargreaves V IN - Medical Research Council/University of the Witwatersrand Dental Research Institute. TI - Use of DI-S and CPITN as predictors in dental caries studies in the primary dentition. SO - Journal of the Dental Association of South Africa 1991 Oct;46(10):503-5 AB - The DI-S (simplified oral debris index), CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs) and dmfs (dental caries experience in the primary dentition were recorded in 395 5-year-old black children living in rural and urban areas of Southern Africa. The DI-S and CPITN were grouped, independently and together, to examine their use as simple field methods of predicting dental caries. For each grouping the sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictor values were calculated. A CPITN grouping of 0 or of two or more sextants with bleeding, provided the most convenient specificity, sensitivity and predictor values. It is recommended that this simple method should now be used in prospective studies of caries activity. <62> UI - 92273509 AU - Kolmakow S AU - Honkala E AU - Puranen M AU - Sainio P IN - Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Roentgenology and Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kuopio, Finland. TI - Dento-facial morphology and caries experience: an epidemiological study. SO - Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 1991 Fall;16(1):31-7 AB - The aim of this study was to analyze the association between occurrence of enamel focal demineralization (EFD) lesions and caries on the smooth surfaces of permanent teeth and some parameters concerning dentofacial morphology in different age groups of Finnish children. Altogether 587 children aged 7, 9 and 12 years living in Helsinki and Kuopio, Finland were examined clinically and some parameters of dento-facial morphology were measured. Of the dento-facial morphological parameters, the size of the gonial angle seemed to be associated with caries indicators. The possible predictive value of dento-facial morphology for caries should be confirmed by longitudinal study. <63> UI - 92267269 AU - Barr-Agholme M AU - Oden A AU - Dahllof G AU - Modeer T IN - Department of Pedodontics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. TI - A two-year clinical study of light-cured composite and amalgam restorations in primary molars. SO - Dental Materials 1991 Oct;7(4):230-3 AB - The object of this prospective study was to compare the clinical behavior of composite and amalgam restorations with respect to anatomical form, marginal adaptation, caries adjacent to margin, and post-operative sensitivity. We selected children (n = 43) with an average age of 6.4 yr exhibiting proximal caries lesions in primary molars distributed on both left and right sides. In each child, one amalgam and one composite side were randomly chosen, resulting in 64 fillings for composite and 55 for amalgam. After a two-year period, significantly (p less than 0.05) more composite fillings (88%) were clinically classified as satisfactory compared with amalgam fillings (68%). No significant relationship was found between the success rate of proximal fillings and the caries activity of the individuals. The results indicate that composite can be used successfully as a class II filling material in primary molars in children. <64> UI - 92255850 AU - Moorhead JE AU - Conti AJ AU - Marks RG AU - Cancro LP IN - Div. of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville. TI - The effect of supervised brushing on caries inhibition in school age children. SO - Journal of Clinical Dentistry 1991;2(4):97-102 AB - A supervised brushing program was incorporated into a three-year caries clinical trial whose primary objective was to compare the efficacy between two fluoride levels of a dentifrice (1,000 and 1,500 ppm F MFP). For each of the 2,415 children completing the three-year study, the total number of supervised brushing sessions completed was available. Results indicated that children who complied well with the supervised brushing program by participating in at least 70% of the sessions had a significantly lower caries increment in both fluoride levels (p less than .001) than children who did not comply as well. After adjusting for age, sex, and baseline DMFS of the children, as well as the fluoride level received, a multiple regression model showed that supervised brushing further reduced the three year caries increment (p less than .04). The more frequent use of the higher fluoride dentifrice affords the greatest prevention of decay. The conclusion from this study is that compliance with the supervised brushing program resulted in a reduced caries increment regardless of the level of fluoride in the dentifrice. <65> UI - 92191843 AU - Ng'ang'a PM IN - Department of Dental Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. TI - A study of occlusal anomalies and tooth loss in children aged 13-15 years in Nairobi. SO - East African Medical Journal 1991 Dec;68(12):980-8 AB - Two hundred and fifty one African children aged 13-15 years were examined for specific intra- and inter-arch malocclusions and tooth loss. The children were from 6 schools randomly selected from 154 primary schools in Nairobi. Overall, 47% of the children were found to have malocclusion, the most frequently encountered anomaly being crowding. Some of the anomalies showed prevalences which differed markedly from those previously reported for American and British Caucasians of comparable age-groups. Nineteen per cent of the children had missing teeth due to caries, 5.6% due to extractions as part of orthodontic treatment and 13% due to other reasons. The mean number of permanent teeth missing due to caries was 0.2, orthodontic treatment 0.1 and due to other reasons 0.2. Almost all the teeth lost as a result of caries were molars and those due to orthodontic indications were premolars. No teeth were recorded as missing due to periodontal disease or trauma. The study indicated a need to exercise caution in trying to relate the numerical values for prevalence of malocclusions in current textbooks to the present population. The results also showed that the proportion of permanent teeth lost was small. <66> UI - 92131812 AU - Stephen KW AU - McCall DR AU - Gilmour WH IN - University of Glasgow Dental School, Scotland. TI - Incisor enamel mottling prevalence in child cohorts which had or had not taken fluoride supplements from 0-12 years of age. SO - Proceedings of the Finnish Dental Society 1991;87(4):595-605 AB - Blind photographic assessments were made of the permanent incisors of 322 children who had participated in two successful fluoride drop/tablet hygienist-based preventive dentistry programmes. Two groups of four dental and two lay assessors unanimously scored 57% of dentitions as mottling-free. The dental observers unanimously scored 37 children (12%) with some symmetrical homologous tooth-type mottling, although only 13 decisions (4%) were scored "unacceptable easthetically". The lay assessors rated 77 children (24%) with mottling, 15% being easthetically displeasing. However, no significant mottling differences were noted between cohorts which had commenced oral fluoride supplementation at