Database: MEDLINE <: biomedical, nursing & dental literature, 1966 - Oct 2000.> Search Strategy (You Saved Citations 1-201 From Set 50): ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 exp Trace elements/ 138547 2 Iron/ 38237 3 1 not 2 100310 4 exp Tooth demineralization/ 22628 5 demineralization.mp. 1620 6 caries.mp. 15295 7 caires.mp. 1 8 craies.mp. 0 9 careis.mp. 4 10 carise.mp. 0 11 (teeth adj3 cavit:).mp. 422 12 (tooth adj3 cavit:).mp. 217 13 (dental adj3 cavit:).mp. 276 14 (dentin adj3 cavit:).mp. 254 15 (enamel adj3 cavit:).mp. 182 16 (teeth adj3 decay:).mp. 374 17 (tooth adj3 decay:).mp. 321 18 (dental adj3 decay:).mp. 250 19 (dentin adj3 decay:).mp. 12 20 (enamel adj3 decay:).mp. 20 21 (active adj decay).mp. 9 22 (rampant adj3 decay:).mp. 14 23 (recurrent adj3 decay:).mp. 30 24 (white adj spot:).mp. 509 25 carious.mp. 2077 26 cariology.ti,ab. 56 27 (non-cavitated adj3 lesion:).mp. 15 28 (noncavitated adj3 lesion:).mp. 2 29 Tooth remineralization/ 478 30 (dental adj3 fissure:).mp. 99 31 (tooth adj3 fissure:).mp. 50 32 (teeth adj3 fissure:).mp. 98 33 caries-free.mp. 603 34 cariesfree.mp. 17 35 Cariogenic agents/ 728 36 precavit:.mp. 8 37 (filled adj3 teeth).mp. 510 38 (filled adj3 tooth).mp. 117 39 (oral adj fissure:).mp. 6 40 (tooth adj3 remineraliz:).mp. 28 41 (teeth adj3 remineraliz:).mp. 24 42 dft.mp. 413 43 dfs.mp. 1258 44 dmf:.mp. 6397 45 cariogeni:.mp. 1787 46 or/4-45 32256 47 3 and 46 722 48 limit 47 to human 521 49 limit 48 to animal 69 50 47 not 48 201 51 from 50 keep 1-201 201 *************************** <1> UI - 20239717 AU - Midorikawa K AU - Murata M AU - Oikawa S AU - Tada-Oikawa S AU - Kawanishi S IN - Department of Hygiene, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan. TI - DNA damage by dimethylformamide: role of hydrogen peroxide generated during degradation. SO - Chemical Research in Toxicology 2000 Apr;13(4):309-15 AB - Dimethylformamide (DMF) has been suspected to associate with cancers in exposed workers, whereas there has been inadequate evidence for carcinogenicity in experimental animals. We demonstrated that H(2)O(2) was generated during the degradation of DMF under aerobic conditions, and that the amount of H(2)O(2) was enhanced by exposure to solar light or by the contamination of trace metal. Experiments using (32)P-5'-end-labeled DNA fragments revealed that the degraded DMF induced DNA damage in the presence of Cu(II). However, purified DMF did not induce DNA damage even in the presence of Cu(II). Addition of purified DMF enhanced DNA damage induced by H(2)O(2) in the presence of Cu(II). The degraded DMF caused Cu(II)-mediated DNA cleavage frequently at thymine and cytosine residues. The similar pattern of site-specific DNA damage was observed with purified DMF and H(2)O(2). Bathocuproine and catalase inhibited the DNA damage, indicating the involvement of Cu(I) and H(2)O(2). A typical free hydroxy radical scavenger showed no inhibitory effect on the DNA damage. Addition of purified DMF enhanced about 3-4-fold 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine formation induced by H(2)O(2) and Cu(II). ESR spectroscopic study demonstrated that carbon-centered radicals and nitrogen-centered radicals were generated in the reaction mixture of DMF, H(2)O(2), and Cu(II). Inhibitory effects of scavengers on radical formation and DNA damage suggest that carbon-centered radicals and/or nitrogen-centered radicals may contribute to the DNA damage. These results suggest that H(2)O(2) generation during DMF degradation is related to the possible carcinogenic activity of DMF. <2> UI - 99459561 AU - Greenaway FT AU - Riviere E AU - Girerd JJ AU - Labouze X AU - Morgant G AU - Viossat B AU - Daran JC AU - Roch Arveiller M AU - Dung NH IN - Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA. TI - Copper(II) complexes of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug niflumic acid. Synthesis, crystal structure of tetrakis-mu-(2-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]aminonicotinato)bis(dimethylsulfoxide)-dicopper(II) complex at 190 K. Anti-inflammatory properties. SO - Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 1999 Jul 30;76(1):19-27 AB - The synthesis and characterization of three complexes with a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug niflumic acid :2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]aminonicotinic acid: with formula [Cu(niflumato)2L] (L = H2O, DMSO = dimethylsulfoxide, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) were investigated. The crystal and molecular structure of the :Cu(niflumato)2(DMSO):2 was reported. Crystallographic data are as follows: monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/n, Z = 2, a = 11.1318(8), b = 17.513(2), c = 15.336(1) A, beta = 103.316(8) degrees, V = 2909.4(4) A3. The structure was refined to R = 0.030 and wR = 0.037 for 3702 reflections with I > sigma (I). It consists of centrosymmetric binuclear units with the Cu-Cui (symmetry code i: 1-x, -y, 1-z) distance between two centrosymmetrically related ions of 2.6272(5) A. Each Cu(II) ion in [Cu2(DMSO)2(mu-niflumato)4] is coordinated to an apical dimethylsulfoxide O atom on the one hand and to the equatorial carbonyl and carboxylic O atoms of two crystallographically independent niflumate moieties and their centrosymmetric counterparts on the other hand. In spite of the low-temperature (190 K) crystal measurements, one L-CF3 grouping exhibits some disorder. The biological activities of these complexes were compared to that of niflumic acid. Niflumic acid and its various copper complexes significantly inhibited polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) oxidative metabolism, as assessed by chemiluminescence and O2- generation measurement. This effect was dose-dependent. All copper complexes exerted a similar inhibiting effect which was always significantly higher than that exerted by the parent drug. <3> UI - 99374872 AU - Cini R IN - Department of Chemical and Biosystem Sciences and Technologies, University of Siena, Italy. cini@unisi.it TI - Molecular orbital study of complexes of zinc(II) with sulphide, thiomethanolate, thiomethanol, dimethylthioether, thiophenolate, formiate, acetate, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, iminomethane and imidazole. Relationships with structural and catalytic zinc in some metallo-enzymes. SO - Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics 1999 Jun;16(6):1225-37 AB - Geometry optimization and energy calculations have been performed at the density functional B3LYP/LANL2DZ level on hydrogen sulfide (HS-), dihydrogensulfide (H2S), thiomethanolate (CH3S-), thiomethanol (CH3SH), thiophenolate (C6H5S-), methoxyde (CH3O-), methanol (CH3OH), formiate (HCOO-), acetate (CH3COO-), carbonate (CO3(2-)), hydrogen carbonate (HCO3-), iminomethane (NH=CH2), [ZnS], [ZnS2]2-, [Zn(HS)]+, [Zn(H2S)]2+, [Zn(HS)4]2-, [Zn(CH3S)]+, [Zn(CH3S)2], [Zn(CH3S)3]-, [Zn(CH3S)4]2-, [Zn(CH3SH)]2+, [Zn(CH3SCH3)]2+, [Zn(C6H5S)]+, [Zn(C6H5S)2], [Zn(C6H5S)3]-, [Zn(HS)(NH=CH2)2]+, [Zn(HS)2(NH=CH2)2], [Zn(HS)(H2O)]+, [Zn(HS)(HCOO)], [Zn(HS)2(HCOO)]-, [Zn(CH3O)]+, [Zn(CH3O)2], [Zn(CH3O)3]-, [Zn(CH3O)4]2, [Zn(CH3OH)]2+, [Zn(HCOO)]+, [Zn(CH3COO)]+, [Zn(CH3COO)2], [Zn(CH3COO)3]-, [Zn(CO3)], [Zn(HCO3)]+, and [Zn(HCO3)(Imz)]+ (Imz, 1,3-imidazole). The computed Zn-S bond distances are 2.174A for [ZnS], 2.274 for [Zn(HS)]+, 2.283 for [Zn(CH3S)]+, and 2.271 for [Zn(C6H5S)]+, showing that sulfide anion forms stronger bonds than substituted sulfides. The nature of the substituents on sulfur influences only slightly the Zn-S distance. The optimized tetra-coordinate [Zn(HS)2(NH=CH2)2] molecules has computed Zn-S and Zn-N bond distances of 2.392 and 2.154A which compare well with the experimental values at the solid state obtained via X-ray diffraction for a number of complex molecules. The computed Zn-O bond distances for chelating carboxylate derivatives like [Zn(HOCOO)]+ (1.998A), [Zn(HCOO)]+ (2.021), and [Zn(CH3COO)]+ (2.001) shows that the strength of the bond is not much influenced by the substituent on carboxylic carbon atom and that CH3- and HO- groups have very similar effects. The DFT analysis shows also that the carboxylate Ligand has a preference for the bidentate mode instead of the monodentate one, at least when the coordination number is small. <4> UI - 99231863 AU - Wunder D AU - Bowen WH IN - University of Rochester, Center for Oral Biology, NY 14642, USA. David:wunder@urmc.rochester.edu TI - Action of agents on glucosyltransferases from Streptococcus mutans in solution and adsorbed to experimental pellicle. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1999 Mar;44(3):203-14 AB - Glucosyltransferase (Gtf) activity mediates sucrose-dependent adherence of mutans streptococci to the tooth surface, is essential for the cariogenicity of these micro-organisms, and contributes significantly to the exopolysaccharide component of the dental-plaque matrix. Clearly, agents that inhibit Gtfs could have therapeutic benefit. Here the effects of agents that inhibit Gtfs in solution and adsorbed to a surface were explored. Various classes of chemical reagents were tested for their ability to inhibit the enzymes responsible for insoluble-glucan synthesis (GtfB), insoluble/soluble glucan synthesis (GtfC), and soluble-glucan (GtfD) from Streptococcus mutans. Standard inhibition assays were done with Gtf enzyme in solution or with Gtf adsorbed to parotid saliva-coated hydroxylapatite (surface phase). Reagents tested included the metallic cations Li+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+; the oxidizing compounds hypochlorite, Rose Bengal, perborate, and sodium-meta-periodate; and a panel of sugars and sugar analogues including sorbitol, xylitol, 1',4',6' trideoxy-trichloro-galactosucrose (TGS), and 1-deoxynojirimycin (dNJ). In solution, Gtf activity was inhibited significantly, at the highest concentrations tested: by the metal ions Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ (approx. 40-80% inhibition); by Rose Bengal and hypochlorite (approx. 80-90% inhibition); and by TGS and dNJ (approx. 50-80%). However, surface-adsorbed Gtfs displayed increased resistance to inhibition by the same metal cations and oxidizing compounds that inhibited them in solution. In contrast, both TGS and dNJ possessed similar inhibition profiles for both surface-bound Gtf and enzyme in solution. These data indicate that the nature of the inhibitor is important, and also whether the Gtf enzyme is in solution or adsorbed to saliva-coated hydroxylapatite. <5> UI - 99090783 AU - Grossmann G AU - Potrzebowski MJ AU - Fleischer U AU - Kruger K AU - Malkina OL AU - Ciesielski W IN - Institut fur Analytische Chemie, Technische Universitat Dresden, Germany. gisbert.grossmann@chemie.tu-dresden.de TI - Anisotropy of chemical shift and J coupling for P-31 and Se-77 in trimethyl and triphenyl phosphine selenides. SO - Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1998 Nov;13(1-2):71-85 AB - The 31P and 77Se magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments for selenium-77 enriched (70%) trimethylphosphine selenide 1 and triphenylphosphine selenide 2 were carried out in order to determine the nuclear magnetic shielding tensors of both nuclei and to establish values of the phosphorus-selenium indirect spin-spin coupling anisotropy delta J. The m = +1/2 and m = -1/2 subspectra were analysed by the dipolar-splitting-ratio method of Eichele and Wasylischen. For the C(S) molecule 1, delta J was obtained to be +640 +/- 260 Hz from the 31P spectrum and +550 +/- 140 Hz from the 77Se spectrum. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations give a delta J value of about +705 Hz. The value of delta J could not be determined unambiguously by analysis of the 31P spectra for the C1 molecules 2; nevertheless, an estimation of delta J was possible. The principal axis 3 of the phosphorus shielding tensor was determined to be nearly parallel to the PSe bond in 1 and 2. For the selenium shielding of 1, the same orientation was found, whereas in 2, the principal axis 2 of the selenium shielding was found to be oriented nearly along the PSe bond. The experimentally determined phosphorus nuclear magnetic shielding tensors agree well with those calculated by the IGLO method. For those two principal values of the selenium-shielding tensors corresponding to directions nearly perpendicular to the SeP bond, the agreement between calculated and experimental values is satisfactory. For the third one, corresponding to the principal axis close to the SeP bond, the calculated deshielding contributions are distinctly too small for both compounds investigated. Trends observed for the calculated molecular orbital (MO) contributions to the shielding as well as possible reasons for the underestimation of the deshielding contributions along the SeP bond are discussed. <6> UI - 99071780 AU - Mikhaleva LM AU - Zhavoronkov AA AU - Kakturskii LV AU - Anke M IN - Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow. TI - [Pathological anatomy of alimentary fluorine deficiency in goats]. [Russian] SO - Arkhiv Patologii 1998 Sep-Oct;60(5):61-6 AB - Chronic alimentary fluorine deficiency was provoked in goats by a semisynthetic diet with fruorine deficiency (less than 0.3 mg/kg dry feed). Teeth caries, emaciation in spite of higher consumption of food as compared to controls, focal inflammatory degenerative changes in the alimentary tract mucous membranes (catarrhal-purulent esophagitis, chronic duodenitis), chronic degenerative changes in the parenchymatous organs were observed. Endocrinopathies, accidental thymus involution, hypothyroid state, destructive changes in the pancreatic insullar cells were also common. <7> UI - 99147286 AU - Morrier JJ AU - Suchett-Kaye G AU - Nguyen D AU - Rocca JP AU - Blanc-Benon J AU - Barsotti O IN - Service d'Odontologie Pediatrique, Faculte d'Odontologie, Lyon, France. TI - Antimicrobial activity of amalgams, alloys and their elements and phases. SO - Dental Materials 1998 Mar;14(2):150-7 AB - OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of amalgams, alloys, elements and phases against two cariogenic bacteria, Actinomyces viscosus and Streptococcus mutans. METHODS: Test materials comprised: (i) commercial amalgams comprising Amalcap (Vivadent), Cavex Avalloy LC and DP (Cavex), Cupromuc (Merz), Fluoralloy and Synalloy (Dentoria); (ii) Ag-Cu alloy; (iii) gamma, gamma 1, gamma 2 and Cu6Sn5 phases; (iv) pure metal samples and chloride solutions of copper, mercury, tin and zinc; and (v) aqueous sodium fluoride. Bacterial suspensions of each of the two bacteria were grown in the presence of the test materials for 24 h. Antimicrobial effectiveness was assessed by measuring reduction in optical density at 640 nm using a visible spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Cupromuc/Fluoralloy, non gamma 2 amalgams and Amalcap displayed high, moderate and no antibacterial activity, respectively. Antibacterial effectiveness was not related to copper content. Whereas mercury, copper, Ag-Cu alloy, fluoride and zinc showed antibacterial activity (Hg > Cu > F > Zn), tin, gamma phases and Cu6Sn5 showed no such activity. SIGNIFICANCE: Although the fluoride and copper solutions were most effective at 50 micrograms ml-1 concentration, their antibacterial action was still significant, albeit reduced, at 10 micrograms ml-1 concentration. This was not the case for mercury chloride which was just as effective at both concentrations. Our results show that although mercury and copper contribute significantly to the antibacterial properties of amalgams, a high copper content does not necessarily relate to high antibacterial effectiveness. These elements could be useful in conferring antibacterial properties to amalgam although their effects on host cells must be investigated. <8> UI - 99008162 AU - Ziegenhagen D AU - Hofrichter M IN - Friedrich-Schiller Universitat Jena, Institut fur Mikrobiologie, Lehrstuhl fur Technische Mikrobiologie, Germany. TI - Degradation of humic acids by manganese peroxidase from the white-rot fungus Clitocybula dusenii. SO - Journal of Basic Microbiology 1998;38(4):289-99 AB - The depolymerization of humic acids (HAs) obtained from low-rank coal (lignite) to fulvic acids (FAs) was investigated in a cell-free system (in vitro) using manganese peroxidase (MnP) from the white-rot fungus Clitocybula dusenii b11. MnP was produced in surface cultures of C. dusenii which were induced with manganese (II) ions (Mn2+, 300 microM). The optimum conditions for the action of MnP were determined by varying following parameters of the enzyme assay: i) concentration of Mn2+, ii) concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), iii) pH value and iv) temperature. Optimum parameters determined were used in subsequent in vitro depolymerization studies of humic acids. For that purpose, following parameters of the reaction mixture were additionally varied: concentration of HAs, concentration of the thiol mediator glutathione (GSH), presence and concentration of organic solvents. As the result, following parameters were found to be optimal for the MnP-catalyzed in vitro depolymerization of HAs into low-molecular weight FAs (MnP activity 0.12 U/ml): 250 micrograms/ml HAs, 1 mM MnCl2, 46 microM/min H2O2 (continuously supplied by glucose oxidase), 600 microM GSH, 4% (v/v) N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), pH 4.0, and 37 degrees C. <9> UI - 98451552 AU - Hanson AA AU - Rogan EG AU - Cavalieri EL IN - Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6805, USA. TI - Synthesis of adducts formed by iodine oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of deoxyribonucleosides and nucleobases. SO - Chemical Research in Toxicology 1998 Oct;11(10):1201-8 AB - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) undergo two main pathways of metabolic activation related to the initiation of tumors: one-electron oxidation to give radical cations and monooxygenation to yield bay-region diol epoxides. Synthesis of standard adducts is essential for identifying biologically formed adducts. Until recently, radical cation adducts were synthesized by oxidation of the PAH in an electrochemical apparatus, not readily available in many organic chemistry laboratories. We have developed a convenient and efficient method for synthesizing PAH-nucleoside adducts by using I2 as the oxidant. Adducts of benzo[a]pyrene (BP), dibenzo[a, l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P), and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene were synthesized with deoxyguanosine (dG), deoxyadenosine, guanine (Gua), or adenine in either Me2SO or dimethylformamide (DMF) with or without AgClO4. When, for example, the potent carcinogen BP was dissolved in DMF in the presence of 3 equiv of I2, 5 equiv of dG, and 1 equiv of AgClO4, 45% of the BP was converted to BP-6-N7Gua. When BP was placed under the same reaction conditions in the absence of AgClO4, the extent of formation of BP-6-N7Gua decreased to 30%. When the potent carcinogen DB[a,l]P was dissolved in DMF in the presence of 3 equiv of I2, 5 equiv of dG, and 1 equiv of AgClO4, 43% of the DB[a,l]P was converted to DB[a,l]P-10-N7Gua. In the more polar solvent Me2SO under the same reaction conditions, however, the yield of DB[a,l]P-10-N7Gua was only 20%. Synthesis of adducts with the oxidant I2 is more convenient and, in some cases, more efficient than synthesis by electrochemical oxidation. This method simplifies the synthesis of PAH-nucleoside and nucleobase adducts that are essential for studying biologically formed PAH-DNA adducts. <10> UI - 97407119 AU - Eversole LR AU - Rizoiu I AU - Kimmel AI IN - Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, UCLA School of Dentistry 90098, USA. TI - Pulpal response to cavity preparation by an erbium, chromium:YSGG laser-powered hydrokinetic system. SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1997 Aug;128(8):1099-106 AB - The near red-pulsed erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser hydrokinetic system, or Er,Cr:YSGG laser HKS, is effective in cutting dental hard tissues. In this longitudinal study, the authors studied the continuously erupting open-apex incisors of New Zealand albino rabbits and the constricted apex teeth of beagles to determine the effects of HKS-produced lesions at various energy levels and of preparations produced by a tapered fissure bur on dental pulp. No pulpal inflammatory responses could be identified either immediately or 30 days after surgery in HKS preparations that removed enamel and dentin without pulp exposure. <11> UI - 97194637 AU - Mahler DB IN - Oregon Health Sciences, University School of Dentistry, Portland 97201, USA. TI - The high-copper dental amalgam alloys. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1997 Jan;76(1):537-41 AB - For many years, the amalgamation of silver with mercury to produce a condensable mixture which could be used to restore carious defects in teeth followed a tortuous path of negative results. However, at the turn of the century, amalgam alloys having acceptable characteristics for successful clinical use emerged. From that point on, silver amalgam was widely accepted as the material of choice for low-cost, easily placed, and durable restorations. About 60 years later, a major discovery occurred that resulted in a most significant improvement in the clinical performance of this material. The key to this improvement was an increase in the Cu content of the amalgam alloy which previously had been considered to be inappropriate. This paper describes the history of this discovery, which produced what has come to be known as high-copper dental amalgam alloys. <12> UI - 97031165 AU - Rosalen PL AU - Bowen WH AU - Pearson SK IN - Department of Dental Research, Rochester Caries Research Center, University of Rochester, N.Y. 14642-8611, USA. TI - Effect of copper co-crystallized with sugar on caries development in desalivated rats. SO - Caries Research 1996;30(5):367-72 AB - The purpose of the present study was to explore the effects of varying levels of copper incorporated in sucrose by co-crystallization on caries development in the desalivated rat model and to examine the retention of copper in the oral cavity and its influence on protein and carbohydrate composition of plaque. Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were infected by Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 and desalivated when aged 26 days. Four groups were placed in a Konig-Hofer programmed feeder and received 17 meals daily at hourly intervals, and essential nutrition (NCP No. 2) by gavage twice daily. The control group (1) received meals of plain sucrose, and groups 2, 3, and 4 received sucrose co-crystallized with 300 ppm Cu2+(2), 150 Cu2+(3), and 75 Cu2+(4). After 3 weeks, the animals were killed, and blood was collected for determination of copper. The lower jaw was removed and sonicated in 0.9% saline solution. Microbial assessment and copper, protein and carbohydrate assays were performed for each animal. Smooth-surface and [sulcal] caries scores were: (1) 92.0[41.4]; (2) 6.1[34.2]; (3) 16.7[32.0]; (4) 24.0[36.0]. Copper in sucrose drastically affected the population of S. sobrinus when compared with the control. Also, Cu2+ sucrose groups had significantly more copper per unit of protein and carbohydrate in jaw suspension than the control group. Concentration of copper in the blood was apparently unaffected by any dietary regimen. It is concluded that Cu2+ in a range of concentrations (75-300 ppm Cu2+) when delivered co-crystallized with sucrose is an effective cariostatic agent. The co-crystallization of a cariostatic agent with sucrose may be an effective method to decrease the cariogenic potential of sucrose. <13> UI - 97110460 AU - Skrtic D AU - Hailer AW AU - Takagi S AU - Antonucci JM AU - Eanes ED IN - Bone Research Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. TI - Quantitative assessment of the efficacy of amorphous calcium phosphate/methacrylate composites in remineralizing caries-like lesions artificially produced in bovine enamel. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1996 Sep;75(9):1679-86 AB - Recent studies show that methacrylate-based composites with amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) as a filler can release supersaturating levels of calcium and phosphate ions in proportions favorable for apatite formation. These findings suggest that such composites could be effectively used as coatings for remineralizing teeth damaged by tooth decay. To examine this hypothesis, we tested composites in vitro for their efficacy to remineralize artificially formed caries-like lesions in extracted bovine incisors. Single 120-microns-thick sagittal tooth sections were placed in holders that exposed only the carious enamel surface. The exposed surfaces were coated with a 1-mm- to 1.5-mm-thick layer of the composite containing, by mass, 40% apatite, silica, or P2O7(-4)-stabilized ACP and 60% photoactivated resin comprised of Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, HEMA, and ZrM. The photocured composite-coated sections were immersed either in a remineralizing solution for 4 weeks at 37 degrees C (static model) or cyclically immersed in demineralizing (0.5 h) and remineralizing solutions (11.5 h) for 2 weeks (dynamic model). Quantitative digital image analysis of matched 102 microns x 220 microns areas from contact microradiographs taken of the sections before and after immersion showed that lesions coated with ACP-filled composites fractionally recovered 71% +/- 33% of their lost mineral compared with 14% +/- 13% for apatite controls in the static model and 38% +/- 16% compared with -6% +/- 24% in the dynamic model. The results suggest that sealants based on ACP-filled methacrylate composites have the potential to remineralize carious enamel lesions. <14> UI - 96072052 AU - Medvedkin VN AU - Zabolotskikh VF AU - Permiakov EA AU - Mitin IuV AU - Sorokina MN AU - Klimenko LV TI - [p-Sulfotetrafluorophenyl hydrophilic activated esters of amino acids in peptide synthesis]. [Russian] SO - Bioorganicheskaia Khimiia 1995 Sep;21(9):684-90 AB - Highly reactive hydrophilic (i.e., water-soluble) p-sulfotetrafluorophenyl esters (Tfs esters) are proposed for peptide synthesis in aqueous and aqueous-organic media, as well as for protein and peptide partial synthesis in an aqueous medium. These esters can serve as a basis for creating a series of protein modifying reagents. As they are analogs of the widely used pentafluorophenyl esters, the Tfs esters possess a high reactivity coupled with good stability during storage. The expression for the reaction rate (for substrates AA1 and AA2) is shown to be v = k[Boc-AA1-OTfs][H-AA2-NH2]0.5 for both water and DMF, i.e., the reaction is not a simple second-order reaction. The reaction rate in water is only slightly lower than that in DMF. <15> UI - 96164719 AU - de Oliveira Cordeiro JG IN - Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University. TI - The effect of various fluoride compounds on the development of experimental root surface caries in hamsters. SO - Bulletin of Tokyo Medical & Dental University 1995 Dec;42(3):105-16 AB - The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of topical applications of various fluoride compounds on the development of root surface caries in hamsters. Male golden hamsters (n = 115) were divided into 7 groups and were given a caries-promoting diet. Six groups were infected with Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987; and to 5 infected groups, distilled water (DW) and solutions containing 500 ppmF of acidulated-phosphate fluoride (APF), stannous fluoride (SnF2), copper fluoride (CuF2), and titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) were applied topically to the first mandibular molars once daily, 7 days a week, over a 24-week period. A grid method was used to asses the periodontal changes and root surface caries on the first molars. Plaque accumulation was reduced most by SnF2; and alveolar bone loss was more reduced by SnF2 and CuF2. Root surface caries was significantly prevented in all fluoride groups when compared to an infected control group; and TiF4 was the most effective fluoride compound followed by SnF2, CuF2, and APF. Root caries scores of the TiF4 and SnF2 groups were significantly lower than those of the DW group. It was concluded that all fluoride tested may prevent the development of root surface caries in hamsters. <16> UI - 96133562 AU - Tjaderhane L AU - Hietala EL AU - Larmas M IN - Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Finland. TI - Mineral element analysis of carious and sound rat dentin by electron probe microanalyzer combined with back-scattered electron image. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1995 Nov;74(11):1770-4 AB - We recently demonstrated the advantages of back-scattered electron images (COMPO) in the visualization of dentinal caries, and the relationship of the change in the dentin fluorescence pattern in caries lesions. However, the exact nature of these changes is not known. In this paper, the nature of the changes in the areas with reduced mineral content in COMPO images was investigated. We examined the relation of changes in mineral elements and the appearance of soft carious and sound dentin in COMPO images using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). Rat molars with small dentinal caries lesions just under the DEJ were chosen for the study. The Ca, P, Na, Mg, Zn, F, and total contents were determined by EPMA from five different dentin sites, and the Ca/P and Mg/Ca ratios were calculated. Generally, the lowest contents were found in caries lesions and highest in mantle dentin, with the exceptions of Mg and Zn. The Ca/P ratio was lowest in mantle dentin and highest in carious dentin. The results confirm that the change in fluorescence in the dentinal caries lesion is correlated with the very initial changes in mineral content, and that EPMA used in combination with COMPO images is a useful tool for determining small changes in mineral elements in the carious and adjacent areas of dentin. <17> UI - 96024984 AU - Johnson DA AU - Lopez H AU - Navia JM IN - Department of Community Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78284-7917, USA. TI - Effects of protein deficiency and diet consistency on the parotid gland and parotid saliva of rats. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1995 Aug;74(8):1444-52 AB - Protein deficiency results in an increased susceptibility to dental caries, suggesting that oral host-defense properties are compromised. An important component of oral host defense is salivary gland function, which is affected by both protein deficiency and diet consistency. This study describes the effects on rat parotid gland growth and secretory function induced by feeding rats diets of normal (20%) or moderately low (7%) protein content, provided in either a powdered or solid form. In addition, since protein deficiency may result in a secondary zinc deficiency which, in turn, may affect salivary gland function, the effects of these diets on liver zinc concentration were also measured. From 22 to 47 days of age, rats (18/group) were fed the following diets: normal protein, powdered; normal protein, solid; low protein, powdered; and low protein, solid. With each diet consistency, liver zinc was higher for the normal protein group. Within each protein level, liver zinc was higher for the solid diet. This latter observation suggests that food mastication and the resultant stimulation of salivary gland function may also play a role in zinc metabolism. With the normal-protein diet, parotid gland weight was higher for the solid diet; with the low-protein diet, parotid gland weight was similar for both consistencies and did not differ from that of the group fed the "normal protein, powdered" diet. For both consistencies, parotid saliva protein concentration was greater for malnourished rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) <18> UI - 94112725 AU - Kosenko KM AU - Podorozhnia RP AU - Henesina TI TI - [Effect of fluorine in drinking water of varying hardness on protein-mineral metabolism of mineralized tissues of rats maintained on a sugar diet]. [Ukrainian] SO - Ukrainskii Biokhimicheskii Zhurnal 1993 Jul-Aug;65(4):54-60 AB - Variations of mineral and protein metabolism in calcified tissues were studied using 32P, 45Ca and 35S methionine in the rats on sugar diet and water of different hardness with F and without it. Hard drinking water without F like soft water and water of medium hardness with F affect metabolism in mineralized tissues preventing the development of carious process. Incorporation of 32P and 45Ca to mineralized tissues, specific radioactivity of 32P and 35S methionine of tooth and bone proteins are lower in rats which drank soft water without F. These parameters increase in rats which received hard water without F almost to the level of animals which received water with F. Ways of the effect of Ca2+ Mg2+ and F on protein and mineral metabolism of calcified tissues of rats on sugar diet (including proteins (osteo-induced, etc., which initiate mineralization) and enzymes are considered. <19> UI - 94010187 AU - Bacic G AU - Schara M AU - Ratkovic S IN - Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia. TI - An ESR study of manganese binding in plant tissue. SO - General Physiology & Biophysics 1993 Feb;12(1):49-54 AB - Two different fractions of manganese were found in the maize plant root apoplasm (intercellular space containing cell walls) after soaking the roots in MnCl2 solutions (concentration range 0.01-10 mmol.l-1): (a) an Mn2+ fraction in the water free space (WFS) which gave a characteristic six-line spectrum, and (b) an immobilized fraction that gave no detectable ESR spectrum. Both fractions affect proton NMR relaxation (T1) of the tissue water through water exchange across cell membranes. ESR spectra of free and total manganese of the root tissue treated with MnCl2 also revealed different time courses for saturation of WFS and DFS with Mn2+. Binding of manganese in the extracellular space of the tissue seems to be the rate limiting step in permeation of Mn2+ across the root cell membranes. <20> UI - 93139052 AU - Bauer PD AU - Trapp C AU - Drake D AU - Taylor KG AU - Doyle RJ IN - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Kentucky 40292. TI - Acquisition of manganous ions by mutans group streptococci. SO - Journal of Bacteriology 1993 Feb;175(3):819-25 AB - The cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus sobrinus and S. cricetus were shown to have an absolute requirement for manganous ion in order to bind glucans or to adhere to glass in the presence of sucrose. The bacteria possessed a reasonably high affinity transport system for 54Mn2+, yielding a Km of about 12 microM. The Vmax for uptake of 54Mn2+ in S. sobrinus was increased when the bacteria were grown in Mn-depleted medium, but the Km remained the same. There was no evidence for two Mn2+ uptake systems, commonly observed for many bacteria. Ions such as Ca2+, Co2+, Co3+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Hg2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ did not inhibit the uptake of 54Mn2+ by the bacteria, although Cd2+ was a potent inhibitor. Fractionation experiments showed that manganese was distributed in protoplasts (67%) and in the cell wall (33%). Approximately 80% of the 54Mn2+ in S. sobrinus was rapidly exchangeable with nonradioactive Mn2+. Electron spin resonance experiments showed that all of the manganese was bound or restricted in mobility. Proton motive force-dissipating agents increased the acquisition of 54Mn2+ by the streptococci, probably because the wall became more negatively charged when the cell could no longer produce protons. <21> UI - 93139334 AU - Drake DR AU - Grigsby W AU - Cardenzana A AU - Dunkerson D IN - Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242. TI - Synergistic, growth-inhibitory effects of chlorhexidine and copper combinations on Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, and Actinomyces naeslundii. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1993 Feb;72(2):524-8 AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether chlorhexidine combined with copper would exert a synergistic, growth-inhibitory effect against selected oral bacteria. Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus mutans were all susceptible to chlorhexidine individually, with S. mutans displaying the highest sensitivity. Much higher concentrations of copper were needed to achieve growth inhibition of the micro-organisms tested. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of chlorhexidine and Cu2+ combinations suggested synergistic activity. Bactericidal kinetics assays confirmed synergism of chlorhexidine and Cu2+ combinations with 1 to 2 log greater decreases in viable cell numbers compared with chlorhexidine alone. Under the constraints of the conditions employed, these data demonstrate the efficacy of chlorhexidine and Cu2+ combinations against the oral bacteria tested. These studies suggest that a chlorhexidine and copper formulation could be useful as a mouthrinse in helping control cariogenic micro-organisms and/or in the treatment of gingivitis. <22> UI - 94218596 AU - Nastasa V AU - Cuciureanu R AU - Chirimbu F AU - Guta P IN - Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Iasi. TI - [Environmental pollution studies of fluorine coming from industry]. [Romanian] SO - Revista Medico-Chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici Si Naturalisti Din Iasi 1992 Jul-Dec;96(3-4):231-9 AB - Fluorine in optimal concentration prevents dental caries, while an excess or deficiency in it may lead to pathologic alterations which make fluorine be one of the environmental pollutants the concentration of which is limited by health standards. This investigation, carried out in the area of an aluminium plant, showed the presence in excess of fluorine and fluorine-containing dusts in the atmospheric air, determining an increased fluorine content in the ground and vegetal cultures of the respective area. Negative effects of these noxae upon vegetation and animals were noticed. <23> UI - 93053213 AU - Miyazawa T AU - Otomatsu T AU - Fukui Y AU - Yamada T AU - Kuwata S IN - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Konan University, Kobe, Japan. TI - Simultaneous use of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and copper(II) chloride as additives for racemization-free and efficient peptide synthesis by the carbodiimide method. SO - International Journal of Peptide & Protein Research 1992 Apr;39(4):308-14 AB - In the carbodiimide mediated coupling of Z-Gly-L-Val-OH with H-L-Val-OMe in DMF, the simultaneous use of HOBt and copper(II) chloride as additives was found to give the desired peptide in a high yield without racemization. In the presence of HOBt, reducing the amount of copper(II) chloride produced a higher yield. Besides improving the coupling efficiency as compared with the case using copper(II) chloride alone as an additive, the present procedure offered another advantage for racemization suppression. Thus, even for the couplings where a low level of racemization was observed in the presence of copper(II) chloride, the simultaneous addition of HOBt and copper(II) chloride resulted in the elimination of racemization. The effectiveness of this new procedure using the two carbodiimide additives in the synthesis of biologically active peptides was assessed by the preparation of a protected Leu-enkephalin. In the 4 + 1 segment condensation using HOBt and copper(II) chloride simultaneously as additives, no racemization was detected and the yield was high enough. The elimination of racemization and improvement of coupling efficiency produced by the present procedure can be attributable to a reduced tendency for the activated forms of the carboxyl component to form a 5(4H)-oxazolone by the action of HOBt, and to the prevention of racemization by copper(II) chloride of the small amount of the oxazolone formed which is not eliminated by the action of HOBt alone. <24> UI - 93014526 AU - Miyazawa T AU - Otomatsu T AU - Fukui Y AU - Yamada T AU - Kuwata S IN - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Konan University, Kobe, Japan. TI - Effect of copper(II) chloride on suppression of racemization in peptide synthesis by the carbodiimide method. SO - International Journal of Peptide & Protein Research 1992 Mar;39(3):237-44 AB - Copper(II) chloride was found to be an extremely efficient racemization-suppressing additive in the DCC method as compared with the hitherto known ones, by employing the model coupling Z-Gly-L-Val-OH + H-L-Val-OMe in DMF. Although some other copper salts also had a profound effect, copper(II) chloride was the best from the viewpoint of both racemization suppression and coupling efficiency. The effectiveness of copper(II) chloride was further confirmed by employing the EDC-mediated couplings of Z-Gly-containing dipeptides with amino acid esters or dipeptide esters, and those of Z-L-Ala (or L-Val)-L-Val-OH with amino acid esters or dipeptide esters. In almost all the cases studied, no detectable amount (less than 0.1%) of epimer was observed by the HPLC analysis in the presence of copper(II) chloride. This was also the case even with an extremely stringent coupling system Z-L-Pro-L-Val-OH + H-L-Pro-OMe. With reference to the mechanism of racemization suppression, it was found that copper(II) chloride has a strong ability to suppress the racemization of the 5(4H)-oxazolone, which may be formed from an activated carboxyl component during the coupling. <25> UI - 92363581 AU - Lu-Lu AU - Singh JS AU - Galperin MY AU - Drake D AU - Taylor KG AU - Doyle RJ IN - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Kentucky 40292. TI - Chelating agents inhibit activity and prevent expression of streptococcal glucan-binding lectins. SO - Infection & Immunity 1992 Sep;60(9):3807-13 AB - Several of the cariogenic mutans streptococci produce cell wall-associated glucan-binding lectins (GBLs). The lectins bind alpha-1,6-linked glucans and have no affinity for other polysaccharides or anomeric linkages. When citrate or lactate was included in the growth medium, expression of the activities of the GBLs of Streptococcus cricetus and S. sobrinus was prevented. Furthermore, chelating agents, including citrate, lactate, EDTA, and acetylacetone, were able to reversibly inhibit glucan-induced aggregation of GBL+ streptococci. In addition, the chelating agents prevented sucrose-dependent streptococcal adhesion to glass surfaces and dispersed preformed adherent masses of the streptococci. Neither citrate nor other chelating agents modified the activities of glucosyltransferases. Expression of the lectin could only be achieved by the addition of manganous ion to the growth medium. Chloramphenicol and other metabolic inhibitors prevented synthesis of GBL in cells obtained from manganese-deficient medium and shifted to manganous ion-sufficient medium. The GBL may be a manganoprotein, the manganese of which may be perturbed, but not removed, by chelating agents. During synthesis of the GBL, manganous ion may be required in order for the protein to achieve an active conformation. Citrate or other chelating agents may have promise as anticaries agents. <26> UI - 92317918 AU - Sevilla I AU - Perello L AU - Borras J IN - Dpto. Quimica Inorganica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Spain. TI - Metal complexes of phenobarbituric acid. Chelating behavior of the phenobarbiturate ring. Anticonvulsant properties of the K2[Cu(N-methylphenobarbiturato)]4.8H2O. SO - Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 1992 Mar;45(4):221-9 AB - Na2Ni(phenobarbiturato)4.3H2O, Na2Ni3(phenobarbiturato)2(OH)6.4H2O, and NaZn(phenobarbiturato)2(OH).H2O derivatives were prepared from Ni(II) and Zn(II) and phenobarbital. The Na2Ni(phenobarbiturato)4.3H2O complex is diamagnetic and isostructural with the complex previously reported, Na2Cu(phenobarbiturato)4, suggesting a square-planar environment around the Ni(II) ion. The DMF solutions of this complex show the existence of two species. The EPR spectra of the Cu(II) doped complex show the hyperfine and superhyperfine structures. The covalence parameters Alpha2, Beta2, and Delta2 show a strong bonding in the equatorial plane and suggests the formation of a [CuN4] chromophore. The anticonvulsant properties of the K2Cu(N-methylphenobarbiturato)4.8H2O are reported. <27> UI - 92124123 AU - Giertsen E AU - Bowen WH AU - Pearson SK IN - Department of Dental Research, University of Rochester, New York. TI - Combined effects of Zn(2+)-chlorhexidine and Zn(2+)-cetylpyridinium chloride on caries incidence in partially desalivated rats. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1991 Aug;99(4):301-9 AB - The effects of Zn2+ combined with either chlorhexidine or cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on caries incidence in partially desalivated rats were investigated. Seven groups of 12 animals each received topical applications for 20 s with a saturated swab (0.2 ml) of the following aqueous solutions twice daily on weekdays (10 a.m. and 3 p.m.) and once daily during weekends (12 a.m.) for 5 wk: deionized water (placebo); 40 mM zinc acetate; 2.2 mM chlorhexidine diacetate; 4.4 mM CPC; 40 mM zinc acetate and 2.2 mM chlorhexidine diacetate; 40 mM zinc acetate and 4.4 mM CPC; and 20 mM NaF (positive control). Coronal caries was scored by the method of Keyes. All treatments except CPC alone resulted in significantly (P less than 0.05, ANOVA) less smooth-surface caries than did the placebo. NaF treatment resulted in significantly less smooth-surface caries than did Zn2+, chlorhexidine, CPC, and Zn(2+)-CPC. The inclusion of zinc ions did not significantly increase the caries-inhibitory efficacy of chlorhexidine (CH). The combination of Zn(2+)-CPC decreased smooth-surface scores significantly more than did CPC alone. Significant differences in sulcal-surface caries were not observed among the groups. Zn(2+)-CPC suppressed the Streptococcus sobrinus counts significantly more than did the separate agents. Animals treated with Zn(2+)-CH harbored the lowest populations of S. sobrinus. <28> UI - 91291867 AU - Hamilton CL AU - Ma L AU - Renner MW AU - Scott RA IN - Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens 30602. TI - Ni(II) and Ni(I) forms of pentaalkylamide derivatives of cofactor F430 of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. SO - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1991 Jul 8;1074(2):312-9 AB - A series of pentaalkylamide forms of F430 and of its 12,13-diepimer have been generated and characterized. Carbodiimide-assisted N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide activation of all five peripheral carboxylates of the F430 macrocycle allows nucleophilic attack by a number of primary amines (RNH2, R- = CH3-, CH3CH2-, CF3CH2-, CH3(CH2)3-) generating the pentaalkylamide derivatives. The identity of each derivative has been verified by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS). The solubility of these derivatives in aprotic organic solvents varies as the amine alkyl substituent (R-) is changed. Electrochemical measurements have shown that the Ni(II/I) reduction potentials in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) are approximately -1 V (Ag/AgCl). Reduction by sodium amalgam in THF generates the Ni(I) form of the F430 diepimer pentabutylamide. The visible and EPR spectra of this Ni(I) species are very similar to the corresponding spectra of Ni(I) F430M (Jaun, B. and Pfaltz, A. (1986) J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1327-1329.). <29> UI - 91100011 AU - Gilbert JV AU - Plaut AG AU - Wright A IN - Department of Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02111. TI - Analysis of the immunoglobulin A protease gene of Streptococcus sanguis. SO - Infection & Immunity 1991 Jan;59(1):7-17 AB - The amino acid sequence T-P-P-T-P-S-P-S is tandemly duplicated in the heavy chain of human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1), the major antibody in secretions. The bacterial pathogen Streptococcus sanguis, a precursor to dental caries and a cause of bacterial endocarditis, yields IgA protease that cleaves only the Pro-Thr peptide bond in the left duplication, while the type 2 IgA proteases of the genital pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae cleave only the P-T bond in the right half. We have sequenced the entire S. sanguis iga gene cloned into Escherichia coli. A segment consisting of 20 amino acids tandemly repeated 10 times, of unknown function, occurs near the amino-terminal end of the enzyme encoded in E. coli. Identification of a predicted zinc-binding region in the S. sanguis enzyme and the demonstration that mutations in this region result in production of a catalytically inactive protein support the idea that the enzyme is a metalloprotease. The N. gonorrhoeae and H. influenzae enzymes were earlier shown to be serine-type proteases, while the Bacteroides melaninogenicus IgA protease was shown to be a cysteine-type enzyme. The streptococcal IgA protease amino acid sequence has no significant homology with either of the two previously determined IgA protease sequences, that of type 2 N. gonorrhoeae and type 1 H. influenzae. The differences in both structure and mechanism among these functionally analogous enzymes underscore their role in the infectious process and offer some prospect of therapeutic intervention. <30> UI - 92245456 AU - Akimoto T AU - Kadoma Y AU - Imai Y IN - Division of Functional Polymer, Institute for Medical and Dental Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University. TI - [Study on adhesion mechanism of MMA-TBBO resin to dentin. A model experiment using decalcified dentin]. [Japanese] SO - Shika Zairyo, Kikai 1990 Mar;9(2):320-5 AB - As a model experiment to understand the mechanism of adhesion of the MMA-TBBO resin to dentin, MMA-TBBO was polymerized using a decalcified dentin sheet treated with aqueous citric acid (CA) solutions of copper fluoride (CF), ferric fluoride (FF), or ferric chloride (FC), which are usually used as treating agents in the bonding of the resin to dentin. The curing time for MMA-TBBO resin was considerably reduced on the decalcified dentin sheet treated with FC-CA, CF-CA or FF-CA at an appropriate concentration. Polymerization of MMA-TBBO resin was accelerated in the presence of a fluoride ion. Molecular weight of PMMA depended on the site of polymerization; PMMA polymerization inside the decalcified dentin sheet gave the highest and that outside gave the lowest molecular weight in the presence of an appropriate amount of ferric or cupric ion. These results suggested that ferric compounds adsorbed to decalcified dentin are involved in the polymerization of MMA and thus will influence the bond strength of the MMA-TBBO resin to dentin. <31> UI - 92036910 AU - Sawadogo GJ AU - Zoma NI AU - Fall TS IN - Laboratoire de biochimie, EIMV, Dakar-Fann, Senegal. TI - [Effects of natural phosphate supplementation in the Gabra Zebu of Senegal]. [French] SO - Dakar Medical 1990;35(1):106-13 AB - The authors contemplate using natural phosphates, despite their high fluorine content, as an economical supplement for tropical cattle's phosphate needs. Continuous and discontinuous distribution will be tried to better understand the effects of the fluorine. Tests were carried out in Senegal on 78 Gabra Zebu bullocks. Over a 2 year period, every day each animal received differing doses (50g. and 100g.) of differing phosphates (from Taiba or from Thies) resulting in dental lesions and some bone lesions because of the fluorine content. The dental lesions were the most noticeable. Only a minority of the bone and articulary lesions were serious. Furthermore, they were inconsistent. At the end of the experiment, the animals were in good general health. It had not been possible to dose fluorine prior to this publication. <32> UI - 91177534 AU - Misra SN IN - Chemistry Department, Bhavnagar-University. TI - Interaction of some fluorinated nucleic acid components with praseodymium: an absorption spectral approach. SO - Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics 1990 Oct;27(5):284-90 AB - Absorption difference and comparative absorption spectrophotometric studies on praseodymium(III) and fluorouracil, fluorocytosine, fluoroadenine, fluorothymine, fluorouridine, fluorocytidine, fluoroadenosine and fluorothymidine systems at pH approximately 5.5 and in different stoichiometries in 80% DMF medium have been carried out. Magnitudes of spectral parameters, viz. Coulombic (Fk), spin-orbit (zeta 4f), nephelauxetic (beta), bonding (b), intensity (T lambda Judd-Ofelt), and oscillator strength (P) and their variation have provided information on the binding mode of these biomolecules in terms of outer and inner sphere complexation, degree of covalency and extent of 4f orbital involvement. Preliminary ultrasonic studies have indicated that these biomolecules behave as structure breakers, hence weak ligands in aqueous medium, while strengthening water structure in semi-nonaqueous medium. The analysis of the isolated solid complexes has suggested octa- and nona-coordination for praseodymium(III) in fluorinated nucleic bases and fluorinated nucleoside complexes. <33> UI - 90222929 AU - Soderholm KJ IN - Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610. TI - Filler leachability during water storage of six composite materials. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1990 Feb;98(1):82-8 AB - Six different dental composite materials were investigated regarding leaching of filler elements such as silicon, barium, and zinc. The leaching was conducted by storing the samples in distilled water at 60 degrees C for half a year. The results could not prove that the leaching behavior of filler elements in most of the investigated cases decreases with time. The practical implications of this study could be important. If other elements follow the same leaching pattern, therapeutic elements such as fluoride could be incorporated in filler particles. The tendency of composites to leach filler elements almost linearly with time, could be used to generate a constant release rate of such therapeutic elements over time. Such an application could have a major impact on controlling caries adjacent to composite restorations and sealants. <34> UI - 93031959 AU - Ivanova K AU - Velickova P AU - Gajdazieva J TI - [Fluorine content in natural cow milk from the region of Plovdiv]. [Bulgarian] SO - Stomatologiia 1989 Sep-Oct;71(5):1-3 AB - Fluorine content in natural cow milk has been determined with a view to the fluoration of the milk and its use for dental caries prophylaxis. Fluorine has been determined by the method of standard calibration, making use of fluorine selective electrode and "Orion SA 720 pH/ISE Meter" with LCD display. The mean fluorine quantity in milk is mean = 0.046 ppm, being far lower than the optimal fluorine concentration. <35> UI - 92361221 AU - Yang G AU - Yin S AU - Zhou R AU - Gu L AU - Yan B AU - Liu Y AU - Liu Y IN - Department of Communal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing. TI - Studies of safe maximal daily dietary Se-intake in a seleniferous area in China. Part II: Relation between Se-intake and the manifestation of clinical signs and certain biochemical alterations in blood and urine [published erratum appears in J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis 1989 Dec;3(4):250]. SO - Journal of Trace Elements & Electrolytes in Health & Disease 1989 Sep;3(3):123-30 AB - Selenosis occurs in areas of Enshi county because of the high Se content of the food. Morphological changes in finger-nails were used as the main criterion for clinical diagnosis of selenosis. Pathological nails were observed to occur almost only in adults, not at all in young children and very seldom in teenagers. Symptoms of selenosis in susceptible patients were found at or above an Se-intake of 910 micrograms/d, corresponding to a blood Se level of 1.05 mg/L. There was no evidence for an increased susceptibility to dental caries due to high Se consumption, and an increase in Se-intake seems unlikely to reduce the beneficial effects of fluoride on caries. No abnormalities of liver or heart were seen by supersonic B or electrocardiographic examinations. The biochemical investigations showed that with increasing whole blood Se the ratio of plasma Se to erythrocyte Se tended to decrease. As Se-intake increases to over 750 micrograms daily, the ratio decreases to near a minimal level. Reduced glutathione in whole blood decreases within a blood Se range of 1.01 to 2.28 micrograms in the high Se area. The amount of trimethylselenonium ion excreted in urine increased with the increase of urinary Se. Cases with prolonged prothrombin time occurred as blood Se increased to a level above 1 mg/L. The white blood cell count also increased significantly. Quantitative values were obtained only for ratio of plasma-Se to erythrocyte-Se for prothrombin time and for maintenance of nail Symptoms of susceptible patients. The overall results indicated that a daily Se-intake of 750-850 micrograms [corrected] might be the marginal level of safe intake. When other variable factors are also taken into consideration a daily Se-intake of 400 micrograms [corrected] is suggested as the maximum daily safe intake. At this level of Se-intake the corresponding approximate tissue Se levels are: whole blood 0.559 mg/L, plasma 0.327 mg/L, urine excretion 173 micrograms/d, hair 3.60 mg/kg, toe-nails 4.25 mg/kg, and finger-nails 4.70 mg/kg. <36> UI - 90347583 AU - Kambara M AU - Uemura M AU - Noshi H AU - Miyake T AU - Konishi K TI - Increased remineralization of subsurface enamel lesions with molybdenum treatment. SO - Journal of Osaka Dental University 1989 Apr;23(1):57-62 AB - The present study was conducted to determine the effect of high molybdenum (Mo) concentration on fluoride (F) uptake and remineralization of subsurface lesions utilizing acid cyclic methods in vitro. Bovine enamel with artificial subsurface lesions were treated with test solutions containing 1,000 ppm F (NaF) with and without 1,000 ppm Mo at pH 7.0. F uptake was analyzed using a microdrilling technique and remineralization was evaluated by polarized light microscopy. The results indicate that addition of 1,000 ppm Mo in a 1,000 ppm F solution modestly increases F uptake and promotes remineralization of subsurface lesions compared with 1,000 ppm F alone. These findings suggest that a high level of Mo may enhance the remineralizing activity of F in subsurface bovine enamel lesions in vitro. <37> UI - 89237063 AU - Burkovskaia TE AU - Vorozhtsova SV AU - Gundorina SF AU - Nazarov VM AU - Frontas'eva MV TI - [Trace element composition of bone tissue of mice in the normal state and in hypokinesia]. [Russian] SO - Kosmicheskaia Biologiia i Aviakosmicheskaia Meditsina 1989 Mar-Apr;23(2):51-6 AB - Using neutron activation analysis, the concentration of 13 elements was measured in functionally different bones of mice: weight-bearing and dynamic femurs, essentially stationary temporal bones, and newly formed ectopis bones under the renal capsule developed at the site of implantation of syngenic bone marrow. It was found that the elementary composition of the above bones was different in the norm and that it varied in the course of 3-week hypokinesia produced by small-size cages. It was shown that during hypokinesia the elementary composition changed according to four different patterns. Progressive demineralization due to Ca, P, Mg and Fe losses was accompanied by compensatory incorporation of Sr. In the course of the hypokinetic stress the content of trace elements (Zn, Cr, Ru, Rb, Br, Co, Sb) varied significantly. The mechanisms of action of these elements was related to the mobilization of activating elements at different stages of the general adaptation syndrome. <38> UI - 89357667 AU - Kikuchi M AU - Takeda K AU - Miyazawa C AU - Shimizu T TI - [Timing of administration of cariogenic diet and elemental composition in the rat enamel]. [Japanese] SO - Tohoku Shika Daigaku Gakkai Shi 1988 Jun;15(2):93-100 <39> UI - 89072476 AU - Maltz M AU - Emilson CG IN - Department of Cariology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. TI - Effect of copper fluoride and copper sulfate on dental plaque, Streptococcus mutans and caries in hamsters. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1988 Oct;96(5):390-2 AB - Topical applications of 10 mM CuF2, 10 mM CuSO4, or 20 mM NaF solutions were performed twice a day in hamsters infected with S. mutans and maintained on a high sucrose diet. Animals receiving the copper compounds exhibited lower plaque scores than control animals or animals treated with the NaF solution. The group receiving the CuF2 solution showed a lower number of S. mutans and a higher caries reduction than the groups treated with NaF or the non-fluoride compound CuSO4. <40> UI - 88284955 AU - Drake D AU - Taylor KG AU - Doyle RJ IN - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Kentucky 40292. TI - Expression of the glucan-binding lectin of Streptococcus cricetus requires manganous ion. SO - Infection & Immunity 1988 Aug;56(8):2205-7 AB - Streptococcus cricetus AHT exhibited a requirement for manganese for growth and expression of the glucan-binding lectin. While low concentrations of manganese (0.1 to 10 microM) were able to support growth, higher concentrations (greater than 100 microM) were required for full expression of the glucan-binding lectin. The manganous-aquo ion may be important in cellular adhesion and accumulation processes in dental plaque. <41> UI - 89169698 AU - Kaniewski A AU - Rydzewska A AU - Chmielnik M TI - [Determination of total fluorine content in preparations used for contact fluoridation in caries prevention]. [Polish] SO - Czasopismo Stomatologiczne 1987 Nov-Dec;40(11-12):779-82 <42> UI - 87185945 AU - Chou TY AU - Vouros P AU - David M AU - Saha M AU - Giese RW TI - Replacement of aromatic fluorine by a methoxy group during reaction with methyl iodide in N,N-dimethylformamide solvent. SO - Biomedical & Environmental Mass Spectrometry 1987 Jan;14(1):23-7 AB - The DNA base uracil was derivatized with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride, followed by methylation with methyl iodide in the presence of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). In addition to a 3-pentafluorobenzoyl-1-methyl derivative of uracil, GC/MS analysis of the reaction mixture revealed the formation of an unusual product, whose molecular weight was 12 U higher than that of the prior derivative. This unexpected product has been identified as the 3-(para-methoxytetrafluorobenzoyl)-1-methyl derivative of uracil. Isotopic labeling and related experiments have revealed that the DMF solvent contributes the oxygen atom of the methoxy group that replaces the para fluorine atom. This work allowed a single derivative to be obtained for the methylation reaction by changing the solvent to acetonitrile. <43> UI - 87166104 AU - Meryon SD AU - Jakeman KJ TI - Uptake of zinc and fluoride by several dentin components. SO - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 1987 Jan;21(1):127-35 AB - The uptake of zinc released from ZOE and Dispersalloy, and fluoride from ChemFil by different components of dentin was studied in vitro. These materials were placed over a 500-micron layer of the dentin fraction in a simulated cavity, and the zinc and fluoride levels in the fraction and underlying solution determined after 7 days. Parallel studies were also carried out in which these components, alone in simulated cavities, were placed over solutions containing different concentrations of zinc and fluoride and the uptake determined after 24 h. Zinc uptake was considerably greater by the inorganic than the organic fractions used in this study. Uptake from ZOE was disproportionately higher than from Dispersalloy presumably reflecting the fact that the zinc in ZOE is more loosely bound. In addition the high zinc levels in collagen beneath this material may be attributed to the binding of the eugenol component. In contrast fluoride uptake was generally highest by the organic fractions with relatively low uptake by the inorganic fractions which is in contrast to previous studies. Uptake of zinc and fluoride from solution by these fractions was consistent with these findings. Thus zinc is more strongly bound by the inorganic and fluoride by the organic fractions of dentin. <44> UI - 87112561 AU - Harada K AU - Matulic-Adamic J AU - Price RW AU - Schinazi RF AU - Watanabe KA AU - Fox JJ TI - Nucleosides. 139. Synthesis and anticytomegalovirus and antiherpes simplex virus activity of 5'-modified analogues of 2'-fluoroarabinosylpyrimidine nucleosides. SO - Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1987 Jan;30(1):226-9 AB - In order to determine if modification of the 5'-position reduces or abolishes the antiviral activity of 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-ara-C (FIAC), 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-ara-U (FIAU), or 2'-fluoro-5-methyl-ara-U (FMAU) against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV), the 5'-deoxy, 5'-mercapto, and 5'-amino analogues of these nucleosides were prepared. 5'-Deoxy-FIAC and 5'-deoxy-FIAU were prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of 5'-iodo-FIAC and 5'-iodo-FIAU to 5'-deoxy-FAC and 5'-deoxy-FAU, respectively, followed by reiodination at C-5. Reduction of 5'-iodo-FMAU afforded 5'-deoxy-FMAU. These 5'-deoxy nucleosides were found to be inactive against HCMV, indicating that the conversion to 5'-phosphate by the cellular enzyme(s) is a requirement for antiviral activity against this virus. Other 5'-modified (NH2 and SH) analogues were also prepared from 5'-O-tosyl-FIAC and 5'-O-tosyl-FMAU. Treatment of these tosylates with LiN3 in DMF afforded the corresponding 5'-N3 products. Catalytic hydrogenation of 5'-N3-FMAU afforded 5'-NH2-FMAU, whereas 5'-NH2-FIAC was obtained by treatment of 5'-N3-FIAC with Ph3P in pyridine. 5'-Mercapto analogues were prepared by treatment of 5'-O-tosyl-3'-O-acetyl nucleosides with KSAc followed by deacetylation. 5'-NH2-FMAU was the only compound that showed good activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in vitro. However, this compound was less potent and had a lower therapeutic index than FMAU. <45> UI - 89080887 AU - Uemura M AU - Kusunoki K AU - Konishi K TI - In vitro effect of molybdenum on fluoride uptake and remineralization in artificial subsurface lesions of bovine enamel. SO - Journal of Osaka Dental University 1986 Apr;20(1):37-42 <46> UI - 86250246 AU - Stewart F AU - Bohlken S AU - Begg A AU - Bartelink H TI - Renal damage in mice after treatment with cisplatinum alone or in combination with X-irradiation. SO - International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 1986 Jun;12(6):927-33 AB - Functional kidney damage in mice was measured (using clearance of 51Cr-EDTA) from 1 to 39 weeks after treatment with single doses of cisplatinum (c-DDP), X rays, or their combination. After c-DDP alone renal damage was observed within 1 week. From 1 to 7 weeks there was recovery of function after low drug doses but after doses in excess of 6 mg/kg some damage persisted. After irradiation alone there was no measurable change in function for 20 weeks. Beyond this time there was a dose dependent and progressive deterioration of function. c-DDP given before or after irradiation caused more damage than either agent alone. During the first 20 weeks independent toxicities accounted for most of this effect but at later times modification of radiation damage possibly contributed. The greatest enhancements were observed when c-DDP was given 1/2 hour before to 1 day after irradiation (Dose Modifying Factor, DMF, 1.3). c-DDP given 3 to 4 weeks before X rays caused only a slight enhancement of damage (DMF 1.1). <47> UI - 86168361 AU - Meryon SD AU - Jakeman KJ TI - Zinc release from dental restorative materials in vitro. SO - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 1986 Mar;20(3):285-91 AB - Zinc release from a range of dental restorative materials was measured in the absence and presence of dentin over a 2-week period. The presence of dentin was designed to simulate the residual dentin in vivo. There were considerable differences in both the levels and pattern of zinc release for the different materials. In several cases the concentrations exceeded the level which has been reported cytotoxic to cells in culture. With dentin, little zinc passed into solution, and high concentrations were measured in the dentin. This may explain the discrepancy between in vivo toxicity tests using zinc-containing materials and previous in vitro tests which have not included dentin in the test system. <48> UI - 86097949 AU - Nasibullin MG TI - [Effect of serotonin on dental caries development in animals]. [Russian] SO - Stomatologiia 1985 Nov-Dec;64(6):13-4 <49> UI - 86097935 AU - Chumakova AA AU - Dmitrieva LA AU - Komnova ZD AU - Medzhidov MN AU - Ivanova NA TI - [Effect of algipor and calmecine on the dental pulp of monkeys in the treatment of experimental traumatic pulpitis]. [Russian] SO - Stomatologiia 1985 Sep-Oct;64(5):6-9 <50> UI - 86066551 AU - Pitt Ford TR TI - Tissue reactions to two root canal sealers containing formaldehyde. SO - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1985 Dec;60(6):661-5 AB - Tissue reaction to root fillings using either Endomethasone or N2 was investigated in the premolar teeth of dogs. Periapical inflammation was frequently observed, but of greater significance was the universal evidence of ankylosis and the accompanying resorption of teeth filled with N2. One tooth filled with Endomethasone also exhibited this condition. The results of this study do not support the use of these root canal sealers that contain formaldehyde. <51> UI - 85258199 AU - Toth P AU - Fejerdy P AU - Kobor A AU - Fabian T AU - Muller B TI - [Effect of selenium on the microhardness of incisors in rats kept on normal and protein-deficient diets]. [Hungarian] SO - Fogorvosi Szemle 1985 Jun;78(6):184-7 <52> UI - 85300807 AU - Sortino G AU - Palazzo U AU - Rapisarda E TI - [Caries susceptibility and caries resistance induced by cariogenic diets: experimental research]. [Italian] SO - Stomatologia Mediterranea 1984 Jan-Mar;4(1):71-80 <53> UI - 85112612 AU - Furusawa K AU - Katsura T AU - Sakai T AU - Tsuda K TI - Deoxyribonucleoside-3',5'-cyclic silanediyl derivatives: formation and properties. SO - Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 1984;(15):41-4 AB - Formation of 3',5'-O-(dialkylsilanediyl)deoxyribonucleosides was studied. Treatment of deoxythymidine in DMF with bifunctional silylating reagent such as di-t-butyldichlorosilane and diisopropyldichlorosilane in the presence of imidazole gave the expected silanediyl derivatives. The structure was confirmed mainly by NMR spectroscopy. The stability of these cyclic silyl derivatives toward hydrolysis is also described. <54> UI - 85007733 AU - Luoma H AU - Seppa L AU - Koskinen M AU - Syrjanen S TI - Effect of chlorhexidine-fluoride applications without and with Sr and Zn on caries, plaque, and gingiva in rats. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1984 Oct;63(10):1193-6 AB - Molar teeth of four groups of Osborne-Mendel rats, kept on a cariogenic diet, were treated once per day for 48 days with either distilled water (solution C), a solution containing 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate and 0.04% NaF, pH 5.8 (solution CXF), CXF plus 1000 ppm Sr (solution CXFS), or CXFS plus 1000 ppm Zn (solution CXFSZ). Caries of the hemi-sectioned lower molars was scored according to grades of severity, and the extent of the buccal plaque was estimated. Inflammatory cell infiltration, vascularity, and thickness of the oral mucosa were estimated from stained sections of the buccal oral mucosa to detect possible adverse effects of the treatments. Fissure caries lesions with involvement of the dentin were reduced by 57% (p less than 0.01) with the CXF treatment and by 68% (p less than 0.001) with the CXFS treatment. The CXFSZ treatment reduced the fissure caries least (44%, p less than 0.05), but it appreciably reduced the extent of plaque. The mucosal changes were greatest in the group receiving the CXFSZ treatment, but they were generally small and at a non-pathological level. Supplementation of the CXF solution with Sr thus appeared beneficial for caries reduction. <55> UI - 85001950 AU - Afseth J AU - Amsbaugh SM AU - Monell-Torrens E AU - Bowen WH AU - Rolla G AU - Brunelle J AU - Dahl E TI - Effect of copper applied topically or in drinking water on experimental caries in rats. SO - Caries Research 1984;18(5):434-9 <56> UI - 85008989 AU - Johnson DA AU - Alvares OF TI - Zinc deficiency-induced changes in rat parotid salivary proteins. SO - Journal of Nutrition 1984 Oct;114(10):1955-64 AB - This study was undertaken to determine the effects of zinc deficiency on rat parotid salivary proteins. Male rats were fed a pelleted diet containing either 40 ppm Zn (ad libitum- and pair-fed control groups) or 0.9 ppm Zn (zinc-deficient group) for a period of 4 weeks. At the time they were killed, stimulated parotid saliva was collected and analyzed for concentration and composition of secretory protein. In addition, gland specimens were examined ultrastructurally, and liver and serum samples were assayed for zinc concentration. The zinc-deficient group exhibited retarded body growth, decreased appetite and significantly lower serum and liver zinc concentrations. The most significant finding in the saliva of the deficient animals was the marked reduction in acidic proline-rich proteins. Parotid gland secretory activity also seemed reduced. Morphologically, distinctive secretory granules were observed in the acini of the deficient animals. The altered composition of salivary secretory proteins coupled with a diminished flow rate may, in part, be responsible for the increased susceptibility to dental caries in zinc-deficient rats. <57> UI - 84130068 AU - Afseth J AU - Amsbaugh SM AU - Monell-Torrens E AU - Bowen WH AU - Rolla G AU - Brunelle J AU - Li S AU - Dahl E TI - Effect of topical application of copper in combination with fluoride in drinking water on experimental caries in rats. SO - Caries Research 1984;18(2):134-40 <58> UI - 84112240 AU - Brauer GM AU - Stansbury JW TI - Cements containing syringic acid esters -- o-ethoxybenzoic acid and zinc oxide. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1984 Feb;63(2):137-40 AB - Fissure caries is reduced when syringic acid is incorporated into a cariogenic diet of rats. It was therefore of interest to synthesize n-hexyl and 2-ethylhexyl syringate and to evaluate the properties of cements with these compounds as ingredients. Liquids containing the esters dissolved in o-ethoxybenzoic acid (EBA) - when mixed with powders made up from zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, and hydrogenated rosin - hardened in from four to nine min. Properties of the cements were determined, when possible, according to ANSI/ADA specification tests. Depending on the powder-liquid ratio employed, we obtained compositions with varying physical properties desirable for different dental applications. The syringate cements, compared with the commonly used ZOE materials, have improved compressive and tensile strength, lower water solubility, do not inhibit polymerization, and are compatible with acrylic monomers. These cements pass, and mostly greatly exceed, the requirements for ZOE-type restorative materials. They also bond significantly to resins, composites, and non-precious metals. The bond strength is somewhat less than that of n-hexyl vanillate-EBA cement, but greatly exceeds the adhesion to various substrates of ZOE luting agents. Cements containing n-hexyl syringate were somewhat brittle. Best results were obtained with liquid compositions containing 5% 2-ethylhexyl syringate, 7% n-hexyl vanillate, and 88% EBA, which yielded non-brittle materials. These cements, because of the syringate ingredient, may possess caries-reducing properties. Thus, perhaps in conjunction with fluoride additives, they would be useful as insulating bases, pulp capping agents, root canal sealers, soft tissue packs, or intermediate restoratives. <59> UI - 84122318 AU - Scailteur V AU - de Hoffmann E AU - Buchet JP AU - Lauwerys R TI - Study on in vivo and in vitro metabolism of dimethylformamide in male and female rats. SO - Toxicology 1984 Jan;29(3):221-34 AB - The study of dimethylformamide (DMF) metabolism by rat tissues in vitro indicates that formaldehyde is not a metabolic product as previously reported [1]. Furthermore, no other monocarbon derivative (CO, CH3OH, HCOOH, CH4) was detected when DMF was incubated with a fortified liver preparation. One metabolic product is methylhydroxymethylformamide (DMF-OH) measured as N-methylformamide (NMF) due to the breakdown of the hydroxymethyl group during gas chromatography. It was usually believed that the main metabolite excreted in urine following administration of DMF to male and female rats was NMF. The results of this study indicate that DMF-OH constitutes the main metabolite in vivo. A quantitatively less important urinary metabolite, hydroxymethylformamide (NMF-OH), is determined as formamide (F) by gas chromatography. In male and female rats, partial hepatectomy reduces markedly the in vivo biotransformation of DMF. Following administration of DMF or NMF, the total amount of metabolites (DMF-OH and/or NMF-OH) excreted in urine is identical in both sexes, but female rats excrete more unchanged parent compound than male rats. The rate of NMF-OH excretion in urine following high doses of DMF supports the hypothesis that DMF may inhibit its own biotransformation. <60> UI - 84215627 AU - Izumitani A AU - Taniguchi M AU - Ooshima T AU - Sobue S TI - Inhibitory effect of (NG4)2MoO2F4 on the experimental dental caries in rats. SO - Journal of the Osaka University Dental School 1983 Dec;23:119-25 <61> UI - 84107674 AU - Drop B TI - [Current studies on trace elements and their role in the dental caries process]. [Polish] SO - Czasopismo Stomatologiczne 1983 Mar;36(3):167-9 <62> UI - 84044478 AU - Rolla G AU - Amsbaugh SM AU - Monell-Torrens E AU - Ellingsen JE AU - Afseth J AU - Ciardi JE AU - Bowen WH TI - Effect of topical application of stannous fluoride, stannous chloride and stannous tartrate on rat caries. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1983 Oct;91(5):351-5 AB - Topical application of 10 mM aqueous solutions of stannous fluoride inhibited caries in rats to a higher degree than 20 mM sodium fluoride, although the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, stannous fluoride reduced the number of Strep. mutans in plaque significantly; stannous ions have an antibacterial effect. Stannous chloride and stannous tartrate did not reduce caries in the rats, probably because of the low concentrations of available stannous ions in these solutions at low pH. The high concentration of stannous ions in solutions of stannous fluoride is probably partly due to the reduced hydroxide formation resulting from the buffering effect of HF formed at low pH in this solution. <63> UI - 83006158 AU - Morell JL AU - Gaudreau P AU - Gross E TI - Cleavage of aspartyl beta-phenacyl esters by selenophenol under neutral conditions. SO - International Journal of Peptide & Protein Research 1982 May;19(5):487-9 AB - Neutral selenophenol in DMF accomplished the removal of the beta-phenacyl protecting group of aspartic acid in solution, on the peptide Boc-Asp (beta-OPac)- Phe amide and on the resin peptide Boc-Trp(Nin-For)-Met-Asp (beta-OPac)-P (CCK 30-33) without alpha, beta-rearrangement. <64> UI - 82245190 AU - Rapisarda E AU - Longo A TI - [Zinc in experimental caries in the rat]. [Italian] SO - Minerva Stomatologica 1982 Mar-Apr;31(2):189-92 <65> UI - 82184351 AU - Beighton D TI - The influence of manganese on carbohydrate metabolism and caries induction by Streptococcus mutans strain Ingbritt. SO - Caries Research 1982;16(2):189-92 <66> UI - 82137774 AU - Odutuga AA TI - Effects of low-zinc status and essential fatty acid deficiency on bone development and mineralization. SO - Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology A-Comparative Physiology 1982;71(3):383-8 AB - 1. The effects of essential fatty acids (EFAs) and zinc on the development and mineralization of bones were studied in young growing rats. 2. Female weaning rats were maintained on the diets deficient in EFAs, low in zinc (6 ppm) or both deficient in EFAs and low in zinc. 3. The low-zinc status accentuated signs of EFA deficiency including reduction of the growth rate and weights of bones and resulted in greater incidences of dental caries. 4. There were qualitative and quantitative differences in the fatty acid components of lipids extracted from the femur of the rats. 5. The overall effect was that eicosatrienoic (C20:3) and arachidonic (C20:4) acids were accumulated in EFA deficiency and low-zinc state respectively. 6. Bones of rats fed a low-zinc diet containing no EFAs were totally hypomineralized while those maintained on a diet that was either low in zinc or deficient in EFAs was partially hypomineralized. 7. Dietary zinc may have some roles to play in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from EFAs and the process of bone mineralization. <67> UI - 82099765 AU - Yazawa M TI - [The effect of molybdenum on the experimental dental caries in golden hamster (author's transl)]. [Japanese] SO - Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi - the Journal of the Stomatological Society, Japan 1981 Sep;48(3):277-91 <68> UI - 82070241 AU - Caufield PW TI - Combined effect of iodine and sodium fluoride on dental caries in rats and on viability of Streptococcus mutans in vitro. SO - Caries Research 1981;15(6):484-91 <69> UI - 82090615 AU - Beighton D AU - McDougall WA TI - The influence of certain added water-borne trace elements on the percentage bacterial composition of tooth fissure plaque from conventional Sprague-Dawley rats. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1981;26(5):419-25 <70> UI - 82032525 AU - Cerklewski FL TI - Effect of suboptimal zinc nutrition during gestation and lactation on rat molar tooth composition and dental caries. SO - Journal of Nutrition 1981 Oct;111(10):1780-3 AB - The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between zinc content of teeth and susceptibility to dental caries. Pregnant albino rats were fed a purified diet containing 8, 15 or 30 ppm zinc throughout gestation and lactation. Food intake of all rats was restricted to that consumed by the lowest zinc group. At day 20 of lactation, pups were weaned to a high sucrose, caries-promoting diet and orally innoculated with streptococcus mutans. Dams consuming the lowest zinc-containing diet exhibited a mild zinc deficiency as evidenced by reductions in gestational weight gain and zinc content of milk, serum and tibia when compared to other groups. All offspring survived. Pups originating from the lowest zinc group had significantly less zinc in molar enamel and dentin fractions compared to other groups at the end of a 30-day caries test period, but tibia zinc was essentially equal. This apparent pre-eruptive reduction in zinc content of enamel and dentin of offspring was associated with significantly greater dental caries score on the buccal surface. This suggests that moderate dietary zinc deficiency is sufficient to reduce the pre-eruptive zinc content of both enamel and dentin and to increase dental caries. <71> UI - 82013267 AU - Rapisarda E AU - Longo A TI - [Vitamin E and experimental caries in rats fed a cariogenic diet and zinc]. [Italian] SO - Minerva Stomatologica 1981 Jul-Aug;30(4):313-6 AB - A cariogenic diet with zinc and vitamin E administered to rats for 90 days led to a reduction in caries of 21.87% by comparison with animals fed with the cariogenic diet only, and 3.12% by comparison with those that received the diet plus zinc. Although the details of the mechanism of action of vitamin E are not fully known, it is felt that its demonstrated cariostatic effect depends on its antioxidant activity and its protection of the sulphydryl groups of some enzyme system, together with its direct intervention in cell respiration. Since both vitamin E and zinc activate NAD-dependent LDH, their simultaneous administration enhances their individual cariostatic effects by bringing about a lower accumulation of lactic acid in the bacterial plaque. <72> UI - 82013268 AU - Rapisarda E AU - Longo A TI - [Effects of zinc and vitamin B 6 in experimental caries in rats]. [Italian] SO - Minerva Stomatologica 1981 Jul-Aug;30(4):317-20 AB - The behaviour of caries has been studied in rats kept on a cariogenic diet enriched with zinc and vit. B6. A reduction of 16.7% in caries was observed compared to control animals fed with the cariogenic diet alone. Compared to the controls, the animals treated with Ershoff diet and zinc presented a decrease of 18.76%. The weight increase curves of the three lots of rats appeared similar. The basic role played by pyridoxal phosphate in all metabolism is recalled and the cariostatic action exerted by vit. B6 on the optimal function of two pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent systems transaminase and enzymes engaged on the synthesis of acetyl-CoA, reported. Both reduce the acid complement deriving from bacterial plaque fermentation, transaminase by deviating pyruvic acid from glycolysis to protein metabolism, acetyl-CoA synthesis by triggering Krebs cycle oxidative decarboxylation. <73> UI - 82018347 AU - Pashaev ChA AU - Morozova LV TI - [Effect of fluorine and other trace elements on the development of experimental dental caries in thyroid dysfunction]. [Russian] SO - Stomatologiia 1981;60(4):6-8 <74> UI - 81168952 AU - Caufield PW AU - Navia JM AU - Rogers AM AU - Alvarez C TI - Effect of topically-applied solutions of iodine, sodium fluoride, or chlorhexidine on oral bacteria and caries in rats. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1981 May;60(5):927-32 AB - Antibacterial levels of iodine, chlorhexidine or sodium fluoride were topically applied to the molar teeth of rats. The effect of these agents on buccal and sulcal caries, as well as on certain oral bacterial populations was assayed. All three agents exerted a significant cariostatic effect which was site specific. Buccal caries incidence and reductions appeared correlated to S. mutans counts, while sulcal caries was better correlated to total cultivable counts. These studies suggested that the simultaneous application of iodine and NaF might exert an additive cariostatic effect. <75> UI - 81134359 AU - Zardiackas LD AU - Stoner GE TI - Electrochemical characteristics of the S.I.A. dental amalgam cavity liner. SO - Biomaterials 1980 Jan;1(1):13-6 AB - Selective interfacial amalgamation (S.I.A.) has been developed as a dental amalgam cavity liner with the intent of increasing the restoration-tooth adhesion and reducing the debilitating effects of corrosion and marginal leakage. This paper examines the S.I.A. liner's effectiveness as a corrosion preventive cavity liner by two experimental techniques: anodic polarization and differential aeration tests. The results from these tests indicate that S.I.A. does enhance the corrosion resistance of a dental amalgam. <76> UI - 81034428 AU - Vavilova TP AU - Bobyleva VR AU - Trunilina NI AU - Tkachenko GI AU - Smirnova LA TI - [Effect of a sucrose and selenium diet on rat liver enzymes]. [Russian] SO - Stomatologiia 1980 Sep-Oct;59(5):9-11 <77> UI - 81017854 AU - Novikov LL AU - Treide A AU - Kolesnik AG AU - Stosser L AU - Schaper R TI - [Effects of inorganic and organic fluorides combined with molybdenum and chlorohexidine upon processes of metabolism, fluoride content, and cariosity of the teeth of Wistar rats (author's transl)]. [German] SO - Zahn-, Mund-, und Kieferheilkunde Mit Zentralblatt 1980;68(1):3-8 AB - A study has been made to determine the inhibitory action upon the progress of dental caries of two trace elements (fluorine and molybdenum) combined with chlorohexidine with the goal of increasing the efficiency of fluoride treatment. However, the results obtained show that the chosen combination of trace elements did not lead to a substantial increase in cariostatic action. Combined use of fluorides and chlorohexidine was seen to exert an inhibitory action on the progress of dental caries. <78> UI - 80210997 AU - Lamers AC AU - Simon M AU - van Mullem PJ TI - Microleakage of Cavit temporary filling material in endodontic access cavities in monkey teeth. SO - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1980 Jun;49(6):541-3 AB - Sealing properties of Cavit-W temporary filling material were tested in vivo in the control group of a usage experiment in which root canal disinfectants were studied. Histologic examination (Brown and Brenn staining) of the root canals showed a statistical significance in the occurrence of microorganisms with increase in time. Microleakage past the filling material was considered to be responsible. <79> UI - 80184265 AU - Fang MM AU - Lei KY AU - Kilgore LT TI - Effects of zinc deficiency on dental caries in rats. SO - Journal of Nutrition 1980 May;110(5):1032-6 AB - The effects of graded levels of dietary zinc on the development and mineralization of teeth and bones and on the susceptibility of teeth to dental caries were studied in young growing rats. Thirty-six weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: 1) zinc-deficient, less than 1 ppm; 2) 12 ppm zinc; 3) 36 ppm zinc, and 4) 108 ppm zinc. For treatments 2, 3 and 4, rats were pair-fed the quantity of feed consumed by their individual counterparts fed the zinc-deficient diet. After 4 weeks of treatment, growth retardation along with other clinical zinc deficiency signs were observed in rats fed the zinc-deficient diet. The zinc levels in bones and teeth of zinc-deficient rats were lower than those for rats fed supplemental zinc. Increased dietary zinc resulted in greater levels of zinc in bones and teeth, but the levels of calcium decreased. Greater incidences of enamel lesions in mandibular molars were observed in rats fed the zinc-deficient diet than in rats pair-fed zinc-supplemented diets. Furthermore, the effect of zinc deficiency on dental caries of young rats was predominantly at the smooth surfaces of the molars. Dietary zinc may be an important trace mineral in the process of post-eruptive mineralization of the enamel and may reduce the susceptibility of teeth to caries. <80> UI - 80174095 AU - Britton JL AU - Shearer TR AU - DeSart DJ TI - Cariostasis by moderate doses of selenium in the rat model. SO - Archives of Environmental Health 1980 Mar-Apr;35(2):74-6 AB - The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of dietary selenium present during tooth development on dental caries. Ten-day pregnant rats received either distilled drinking water or water containing 0.8 ppm or 2.4 ppm selenium, as sodium selenite or selenomethionine, until the pups were weaned. Buccal caries were measured in the pups after being fed a MIT--200 diet for 7 wk. Moderate levels (0.8 ppm) of developmental selenium significantly reduced caries in male rats when compared to control rats or to rats receiving high levels of selenium (2.4 ppm). The results indicated that moderate doses of selenium were cariostatic. <81> UI - 80089885 AU - Mellberg JR TI - Penetration of fluorine from sodium monofluorophosphate into artificially produced incipient enamel lesions. SO - Caries Research 1980;14(2):115-20 <82> UI - 80174451 AU - Bates DG AU - Navia JM TI - Chemotherapeutic effect of zinc on streptococcus mutans and rat dental caries. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1979;24(10-11):799-805 <83> UI - 80012154 AU - Anonymous TI - Increased dental caries in young rats suckled by zinc-deficient dams. SO - Nutrition Reviews 1979 Jul;37(7):232-3 <84> UI - 79220430 AU - Brown ED AU - Calhoun NR AU - Larson RH AU - Smith JC Jr TI - An effect of zinc deficiency on dental caries. SO - Life Sciences 1979 May 28;24(22):2093-7 <85> UI - 79085924 AU - Beagrie GS AU - Smith DC TI - Development of a germicidal polycarboxylate cement. SO - Dental Journal - Journal Dentaire 1978 Oct;44(9):409-13 <86> UI - 78246606 AU - Pappalardo G AU - Caltabiano M AU - Gulisano S TI - [Effects of the combination of magnesium fluosilicate and manganese on experimental carries in white rats]. [Italian] SO - Minerva Stomatologica 1978 Apr-Jun;27(2):95-9 AB - The pattern of experimental caries was examined in rats treated with magnesium fluosilicate associated with manganese and a cariogenic diet. A 33.34% fall in the incidence of caries was observed with respect to a control series, whereas Mg fluosilicate and manganese administered alone caused 30% and 20% reductions respectively. It was also noted that a slight toxic action, expressed as a 3 g fall in body weight, was found with the Mg fluosilicate dose employed; this effect was attenuated by simultaneous administration of manganese. <87> UI - 78204972 AU - Kosenko KN AU - Klimenko VG AU - Levitskii AP TI - [Effect of a fluorine-containing lacquer on the protein concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity in the dental pulp and hard tissues in experimental caries]. [Russian] SO - Stomatologiia 1978 May-Jun;57(3):26-8 <88> UI - 78065975 AU - Mjor IA AU - Eriksen HM AU - Haugen E AU - Skogedal O TI - Biologic assessment of copper-containing amalgams. SO - International Dental Journal 1977 Dec;27(4):333-40 AB - In order to reduce creep and avoid marginal fractures in amalgam restorations, new alloys containing higher proportions of copper have been introduced. Fillings of these materials were placed in cavities prepared in the deciduous teeth of monkeys or placed in polyethylene tubes and implanted subcutaneously in rats. Conventional silver/tin alloys and zinc oxide eugenol cement were used as reference materials. Despite limitations due to the varying depths of cavities and the small number of animals involved it was concluded that the high copper alloys caused more severe pulp damage than the other materials studied. In the implantation studies many of the high copper specimens were exfoliated before the end of the experimental period. It is concluded that in deep cavities these materials require the use of a non-toxic base or lining material although as they are commonly used in young children's teeth the placement of linings and the isolation of the cavity pose problems. <89> UI - 77222180 AU - Yamamoto H AU - Takayanagi T AU - Kwan T AU - Yonetani T TI - Oxygen binding to cobalt(II) proto-, deutero- and meso-porphyrin IX dimethyl ester complexes in organic solvents. SO - Bioinorganic Chemistry 1977;7(3):189-201 AB - The binding of oxygen to cobalt(II) meso, deutero- and proto-porphyrin IX dimethyl esters complexed with pyridine or 2-methylimidazole was investigated at -10 degress - -60 degrees C in toluene or DMF solution, and the thermodynamic data related with the binding were presented. The oxygen affinity of cobalt meso-porphyrin complex was larger by the factor of 2.0-1.4 than those of the other complexes where oxygen affinities were not explained by a simple electron-withdrawing capability of 2,4-substituents of the porphyrin ring. The oxygen binding property was, generally, dependent on the solvent, suggesting that the solvation affects appreciably the oxygen binding to the complexes. The oxygen affinities of cobalt porphyrin complexes in various organic solvents were compared with those of their apomyoglobin complexes. The differences of oxygen affinities between both systems decreased with increasing the size of 2,4-substituents, and it was in the following order on 2,4-substituted porphyrins: Deutero greater than Proto greater than Meso. It was suggested that the 2,4-substitutent effect on the oxygen affinity of cobalt myoglobin complexes was not only caused by the direct electronic effect on the central cobalt atom, but also controlled by the stereochemical interaction between apomyoglobin and the porphyrin. <90> UI - 77209961 AU - Steinman RR TI - The control of dental caries by manipulating dentinal fluid movement. SO - Journal of the Missouri Dental Association (Jefferson City) 1977 May;57(5):14-20 <91> UI - 77161405 AU - George B AU - Kobylanska M TI - [Effect of increased uptake of fluorine during pregnancy and lactation on the dentition of young rats]. [Polish] SO - Czasopismo Stomatologiczne 1977 Apr;30(4):305-6 <92> UI - 77140214 AU - Simone G AU - Quintiliani M TI - Iodinated radiological contrast media as radiosensitizers. SO - International Journal of Radiation Biology & Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry & Medicine 1977 Jan;31(1):1-10 AB - This paper describes the radiosensitizing effects of diatrizoic (DA) and iothalamic (ITA) acids and of iodipamide (IP) on the survival of E coli B/r irradiated with X-rays and with high-intensity electron pulses. All compounds at concentrations between 10 and 50 mM display a strong sensitizing effect in the presence of oxygen (DMF between 0-1 and 0-3) and are much less effective in nitrogen. In N2O the degree of sensitization is intermediate between oxygen and nitrogen. The situation is the same at pH 7 or 5-6. Solutions of DA, ITA and IP irradiated at pH lower than 6 become highly toxic to bacteria added after irradiation, for several hours after X-irradiation or several minutes after pulsed irradiation. The maximum toxic effect occurs with 2 krad of X-ray and with 6-8 krad of electrons. Oxygen must be present in order to observe the bactericidal activity. This is not affected by scavenging hydrated electrons with nitrate, but is completely cancelled by scavenging OH radicals with formate. It is also cancelled by adding thiosulphate to the irradiated solutions immediately before the bacteria. In the presence of nutrient broth, the radiosensitizing effect is absent after irradiation with pulsed electrons; whereas after X-irradiation it is reduced when the concentration of sensitizers is 50 mM. The experimental data appear to be compatible with a mechanism operated by short and long-lived transients resulting from the radiolysis of iodinated contrast media. <93> UI - 78159780 AU - Tamura S TI - [Effect of vanadium on the incidence of experimental dental caries in rats (author's transl)]. [Japanese] SO - Shikwa Gakuho 1976 May;76(5):825-8 <94> UI - 77066514 AU - Halse A AU - Hals E TI - Electron probe microanalysis of secondary carious lesions adjacent to silicate fillings. SO - Calcified Tissue Research 1976 Dec 2;21(3):183-93 AB - Secondary caries associated with silicate fillings is characterized by lesions at the tooth surface and lesions of the cavity wall. The mineral content of the cavity wall lesions and the penetration of elements originating from the silicate fillings were studied in experimental in vitro and in vivo lesions as well as in natural carious lesions. Dentine wall lesions, where microradiographs had shown increased radiopacity relative to intact tissue, exhibited increased Ca and P values. Elements derived from the silicate fillings were regularly found in enamel and dentine. The concentrations of fluorine (F) and of zinc (Zn) amounted to 2-3% by weight close to the cavity wall and decreased gradually to less than 0.1% at depths of 600 mum and 400 mum, respectively, from the cavity. Aluminum (Al) most often occurred in a 20-40 mum-wide zone, showing a maximum concentration of 2-3% near the cavity. Sulfur (S) was often present in the dentinal cavity walls of natural secondary caries, but not in the in vitro specimens. The findings indicate that F released from the silicate filling significantly modifies the progress of a carious lesion in the adjacent enamel and dentine. Through its tendency to form complexes with F, Al may possibly enhance the cariostatic effect of F. <95> UI - 77080670 AU - Hals E TI - Root caries: distribution and uptake of elements in lesions adjacent to silicate or amalgam restorations. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1976 Nov;84(6):367-71 AB - In carious lesions adjacent to silicate or amalgam restorations outer lesions of the cementum showed the same content and distribution of Ca, P, Mg, and S as did primary lesions in this area, but differed from these in having an increased content of Zn, Al, and probably F (silicate cases) and Zn, Sn, and Cu (amalgam cases). The cementum walls showed an uptake of ions largely similar to that previously described in dentinal walls. <96> UI - 77041085 AU - Meissner W TI - [The effect of selenium and fluorine with respect to caries and toxicity to Osborne-Mendel-rats (author's transl)]. [German] SO - Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene - Erste Abteilung Originale - Reihe B: Hygiene, Praventive Medizin 1976 Jul;162(3-4):330-49 AB - Two experiments carried out with one hundred rats from the Osborne-Mendel-strain were supposed to prove the influence of selenium-containing-drinking-water on caries. The animals were divided into five experimental groups of twenty rats each. Selenium was tested in different doses as an addition to drinking-water in shape of Na2SeO4, as well as in combination with a tooth-paste containing NaF.-Its toxicity was to be determined by the water consumption, the mortality and above all by the body weight of the animals at the end of the test. During the first experiment three groups received Na2SeO4 in doses of 1, 5 and 10 ppm in the drinking water and the cariogenic diet Stephan 580 as food. Two other groups served as control, one receiving the cariogenic diet Stephan 580 and the other one getting the normal breeding diet. The analysis of variance carried out for the assessment of caries and the test of SCHEFFE only show a different attack concerning those groups, receiving the cariogenic diet and the control group fed with the breeding diet Altromin R. Nine of the 40 animals of the groups that had received the selenium doses of 5 and 10 ppm did not survive the experiment. The average value of the water consumption and the body weight of the animals of the selenium group was below the average of the remaining groups, which points out a strong toxicity of Na2SeO4. In regard to the water consumptions, however, one cannot exactly define, whether it is an effect of the selenium of the cariogenic diet. All groups of the second experiment received the cariogenic diet Stephan 580; two of them got Na2SeO4 in doses of 4ppm within their drinking water. The molars of the lower jaws of one of these group were brushed with a tooth-paste containing NaF. The molars of the other group were treated with a paste, serving as a placebo. Two other groups were provided each with the paste containing fluorine and the paste serving as a placebo, but without selenium in their drinking water. Furthermore 20 animals were used as a control group. The analysis of variance showed the widely known protective effect of the fluorine by the statistically significant different distribution of the caries. Comparing those two groups, whose drinking water contained Na2SeO4 with the two other groups whose molars were treated with the paste containing fluorine and the one serving as a placebo respectively, we may conclude, that Na2SeO4 has no influence on the protective effect of the fluorine. A comparison of the group treated with the paste serving as a placebo with the control group shows, that the tooth-brushing obviously has no great effect. In respect to the body weight at the end of the experiment one cannot demonstrate a clear effect using the linear contrast of SCHEFFE, and there also is no infleunce of selenium on the total water consumption, which coincides with the results of the first experiment. The two experiments have shown that Na2SeO4 is toxic in the doses applied... <97> UI - 77023913 AU - Losee FL AU - Adkins BL AU - Curzon ME TI - Effect of water solids on dental caries in the rat. SO - Caries Research 1976;10(5):332-6 <98> UI - 76209520 AU - Krzeminski Z TI - [New bacteriological tests in the determination of dental caries activity]. [Polish] SO - Czasopismo Stomatologiczne 1976;29(5):405-12 <99> UI - 76190648 AU - Briner WW TI - Selection of an experimental unit in rat caries studies. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1976 May-Jun;55(3):476-80 AB - In two separate experiments, none of the 14 subunits examined consistently ranked dentifrices similarly to the ranking obtained when the individual rat was used as the experimental unit. Arbitrarily dividing the rat into subunits and then comparing results among these subunits may lead to false conclusions since the rankings using subunits vary within each experiment and from experiment to experiment. <100> UI - 76036238 AU - Pothmann C AU - Hellmann D AU - Pothmann C AU - Hellmann D TI - [Is Durelon impermeable to bacteria]. [German] SO - ZWR 1975 Feb 10;84(3):113-5 <101> UI - 76024044 AU - Freedman ML AU - Coykendall AL TI - Variation in internal polysaccharide synthesis among Streptococcus mutans strains. SO - Infection & Immunity 1975 Sep;12(3):475-9 AB - Five strains, representative of Streptococcus mutans genetic group III antigenic group d, synthesized and degraded less intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) then 17 strains representative of other S. mutans groups. The strains that synthesize IPS degraded it rapidly. The production of acid in titratable amounts from endogenous IPS was usually complete within 1 h. IPS synthesis in S. mutans increased abruptly at culture glucose concentrations between 0.2 and 0.5% and was quantitated as both iodine-and glucose oxidase-positive material in cell hyrolysates. IPS degradation was measured by acid production in a pH-stat maintained at 7. The existence within group III d of a strain recently shown to be cariogenic in experimental animals suggest that IPS may not be a prerequisite for virulence in these cariogenic bacteria. <102> UI - 76017965 AU - Hunt CE AU - Navia JM TI - Pre-eruptive effects of Mo, B, Sr and F on dental caries in the rat. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1975 Aug;20(8):497-501 <103> UI - 75190032 AU - Steinman RR AU - Leonora J TI - Effect of selected dietary additives on the incidence of dental caries in the rat. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1975 May-Jun;54(3):570-7 AB - Weanling rats fed a cariogenic diet supplemented with carbamyl phosphate, in combination with egg shell meal and trace elements, showed a striking reduction in the incidence of caries. The cariostatic efficacy of carbamyl phosphate is significant because it stimulates fluid movement within odontoblasts via the hypothalamic-parotid gland endocrine axis. <104> UI - 75116163 AU - Shearer TR TI - Developmental and postdevelopmental uptake of dietary organic and inorganic selenium into the molar teeth of rats. SO - Journal of Nutrition 1975 Mar;105(3):338-47 AB - The mechanism for the uptake of dietary inorganic and organic selenium by the fully developed, mature molar teeth of mother rats and the developing molar teeth of their pups was studied. Pregnant rats received drinking solutions containing either 0.2 ppm Na2SiO3 plus 0.043 muCi Na2-75SeO3 per ml from day 10 of pregnancy until parturition. Thirteen days postpartum, the uptake of dietary 75Se into developing molar teeth was more extensive than the postdevelopmental uptake onto mature teeth. Developing molar teeth incorporated more 75Se from dietary selenomethionine than from selenite, as did many hard and soft tissues studied. The major portion of 75Se in enamel and dentine was located in the protein fraction of these dental tissues. Dialysis experiments showed that the selenium in enamel and dentine existed in at least three forms: loosely bound selenium, proteinaceous selenotrisulfides, and proteinaceous stable selenium. These data and the results of a previous study (J. Nutr. 103, 553-559) provide evidence that selenium incorporated into developing proteins as selenotrisulfides or selenoamino acids may be responsible for the increases in dental caries reported in man and experimental animals ingesting somewhat increased amounts of dietary selenium. <105> UI - 75077771 AU - Liu FT TI - Postdevelopmental effects of boron, fluoride, and their combination on dental caries activity in the rat. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1975 Jan-Feb;54(1):97-103 AB - Drinking water of rats aged 21 days was supplemented with 1, 10, 30, 50, 100, or 283 ppm of boron or 10 or 25 ppm of fluoride individually or in combination. All rats were fed a cariogenic diet. Boron did not reduce dental caries activity in erupted molars after eight weeks. When given in combination, it partially antagonized the cariostatic effect of fluoride. <106> UI - 75108561 AU - Roberts MW AU - Henriques BL TI - Iontophoresis. A method of increasing the effects of fluoride dentifrices. A study of rats. SO - Australian Dental Journal 1974 Aug;19(4):264-8 <107> UI - 75086199 AU - Novikov LL AU - Pashutina VA AU - Grabetskii AA AU - Vlasova NK AU - Shteingart MZ TI - [The effect of fluorine-containing dental polishes on protein and mineral metabolism in teeth and bones of rats kept on cariogenic diet]. [Russian] SO - Stomatologiia 1974 Nov-Dec;53(6):15-8 <108> UI - 75051243 AU - Menzel R AU - Rosmanith J TI - [Drinking water fluoridation animal studies]. [German] SO - Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene - Erste Abteilung Originale - Reihe A: Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Parasitologie 1974;227(1-4):113-5 <109> UI - 75040392 AU - DiPersio JR AU - Mattingly SJ AU - Higgins ML AU - Shockman GD TI - Measurement of intracellular iodophilic polysaccharide in two cariogenic strains of Streptococcus mutans by cytochemical and chemical methods. SO - Infection & Immunity 1974 Sep;10(3):597-604 <110> UI - 75041635 AU - Stookey GK AU - McDonald JL Jr TI - Further studies of the cariostatic properties of tin (II) and oat hulls in the rat. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1974 Nov-Dec;53(6):1398-403 <111> UI - 75026456 AU - Noll U AU - Riethe P TI - [Caries prophylaxis by means of fluoride containing toothpastes in animal experiments]. [German] SO - Deutsche Zahnarztliche Zeitschrift 1974 Sep;29(9):785-7 <112> UI - 74292517 AU - Kojima H TI - [Developmental pharmacology of arsenic. 2. Effect of arsenic on pregnancy, nutritional state and hard tissue]. [Japanese] SO - Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi - Folia Pharmacologica Japonica 1974 Mar;70(2):149-63 <113> UI - 74308785 AU - Stookey GK AU - McDonald JL AU - Hughes SB AU - Smith RE AU - Stange RD TI - The influence of tin (II) and oat hulls upon dental caries in the rat. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1974 Feb;19(2):107-12 <114> UI - 74277220 AU - Loew RK AU - Lampert F AU - Ketterl W AU - Ehrenberg-Kieckebusch W TI - [The effect of the conditioner in the sealing with Caulk-Nuva-Seal on the hard substance of the teeth in the caries standard test with Osborne-Mendel-rats]. [German] SO - Deutsche Zahnarztliche Zeitschrift 1974 Apr;29(4):411-4 <115> UI - 74270248 AU - Bobyleva VR AU - podorozhnaia RP AU - Trunilina NI AU - Tkachenko GI AU - Tipun VA TI - [Effect of selenium on the activity of cathepsin and alkaline phosphatase in the liver of rats during low-protein cariogenic diet]. [Russian] SO - Voprosy Pitaniia 1974 May-Jun;33(3):63-6 <116> UI - 74067762 AU - Powers JM AU - Johnson ZG AU - Craig RG TI - Physical and mechanical properties of zinc polyacrylate dental cements. SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1974 Feb;88(2):380-3 <117> UI - 74286026 AU - Pappalardo G AU - Caltabiano M AU - Torrisi A TI - [Behavior of oral microbiol flora in rats treated with selenium and on a cariogenic diet]. [Italian] SO - Rivista Italiana di Stomatologia 1973 Jul-Dec;28(7):183-94 <118> UI - 74152109 AU - Munch J TI - [Prevention of dental caries by topical fluorides and other trace elements]. [German] SO - Zahnarztliche Praxis 1973 Sep 21;24(18):490 <119> UI - 74103382 AU - Shaw JH TI - Relation of arsenic supplements to dental caries and the periodontal syndrome in experimental rodents. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1973 May-Jun;52(3):494-7 <120> UI - 74049937 AU - Bowen WH TI - The effect of fluoride and molybdate on caries activity in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). SO - British Dental Journal 1973 Dec 4;135(11):489-93 <121> UI - 74028940 AU - McDonald JL Jr AU - Stookey GK TI - Influence of whole grain products, phosphates, and tin upon dental caries in the rat. SO - Journal of Nutrition 1973 Nov;103(11):1528-32 <122> UI - 73260046 AU - Kusuge Y TI - [The effect of molybdenum in diet on nutrition and incidence of dental caries in rats]. [Japanese] SO - Shikwa Gakuho 1973 May;73(5):965-7 <123> UI - 73220392 AU - Plathner CH AU - Kluge R AU - Winiker M TI - [Cariostatic effects of organic phosphates in animal experimental studies]. [German] SO - Deutsche Stomatologie (Berlin) 1973 Jun;23(6):417-21 <124> UI - 73205513 AU - Sato Y TI - [The effect of cobalt in diet on nutrition and incidence of dental caries in rat]. [Japanese] SO - Shikwa Gakuho 1973 May;73(5):956-8 <125> UI - 73145759 AU - Shearer TR AU - Hadjimarkos DM TI - Comparative distribution of 75 Se in the hard and soft tissues of mother rats and their pups. SO - Journal of Nutrition 1973 Apr;103(4):553-9 <126> UI - 73155138 AU - Schlettwein-Gsell D AU - Mommsen-Straub S TI - [Literature review of trace elements in food. X. Molybdenum]. [Review] [36 refs] [German] SO - International Journal for Vitamin & Nutrition Research 1973;43(1):110-9 <127> UI - 74284863 AU - Lopez JE TI - Dental enamel--its chemistry and its relation to caries. SO - Revista Odontologica de Puerto Rico 1972 Feb-Apr;10(1):26-30 <128> UI - 73250931 AU - Moreira BH AU - Walder Jr O TI - [Elimination of pits and fissures in permanent teeth and topical applications of 5 solutions of acetic acid and chromium anhydride for the prevention of dental caries]. [Portuguese] SO - Boletim - Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba 1972;(66):1-18 <129> UI - 73220117 AU - Jaffe WG AU - Ruphael M AU - Mondragon MC AU - Cuevas MA TI - [Clinical and biochemical study in school children of a seleniferous zone]. [Spanish] SO - Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion 1972 Dec;22(4):595-611 <130> UI - 73149772 AU - Baba I AU - Duma I AU - Maniu M TI - [Correlation between the pH of the dental plaque, the incidence of dental caries, periodontal diseases and thyroid function measured by radioactive iodine]. [Romanian] SO - Stomatologia 1972 Nov-Dec;19(6):491-6 <131> UI - 73060539 AU - Rothman KJ AU - Glass RL AU - Espinal F AU - Velez H AU - Mejia R TI - Dental caries and soil content of trace metals in two Colombian villages. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1972 Nov-Dec;51(6):1686 <132> UI - 73035964 AU - Nicolas G TI - [Water fluoridation and dental caries prophylaxis]. [French] SO - Revue d Odonto-Stomatologie 1972 May-Jun;19(3):223-33 <133> UI - 73021437 AU - Bettac-Mollin V AU - Riethe P AU - Steffl M TI - [Flow, dimensional changes and compressive strength of silver tin fillings with the addition of tin and amine fluorides of various concentrations]. [German] SO - Deutsche Zahnarztliche Zeitschrift 1972 Sep;27(9):733-8 <134> UI - 73005964 AU - Sheykholeslam Z AU - Buonocore MG AU - Gwinnett AJ TI - Effect of fluorides on the bonding of resins to phosphoric acid-etched bovine enamel. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1972 Jul;17(7):1037-45 <135> UI - 72240804 AU - Munch J TI - Caries prophylaxis via local enamel hardening. SO - Quintessence International 1972 Jun;3(6):17-8 <136> UI - 72138971 AU - Bertrand G TI - [Current views on the presumed anti-cariogenic action of molybdenum]. [French] SO - Chirurgien-Dentiste de France 1972 Feb 23;42(104):49-57 <137> UI - 72238654 AU - Sortino G AU - Palazzo U TI - [Effect of a zinc free diet in rats]. [Italian] SO - Rivista Italiana di Stomatologia 1971 Aug;26(8):587-92 <138> UI - 72203683 AU - Sortino G AU - Palazzo U TI - [Zinc and experimental caries in the rat]. [Italian] SO - Rivista Italiana di Stomatologia 1971 Jul;26(7):509-13 <139> UI - 72178567 AU - Gamatero WR TI - The role of some trace elements in dental caries. SO - Journal of the Philippine Dental Association 1971 Sep;23(3):28-30 <140> UI - 72126719 AU - Pappalardo G TI - [Effects of a combination of borate and magnesium fluorsilicate on experimental caries in the rat]. [Italian] SO - Rivista Italiana di Stomatologia 1971 May;26(5):55-61 <141> UI - 72098447 AU - Grippaudo G AU - Cattabriga M AU - Valfre' F TI - [Effect of the trace elements molybdenium, venadium and strontium on experimental caries]. [Italian] SO - Annali di Stomatologia 1971 Jul-Aug;20(7):223-36 <142> UI - 72096250 AU - Amelotti C AU - De Tomasi A TI - [Comparison of anticariogenic activities of certain compounds for topical use in the rat]. [Italian] SO - Rassegna Trimestrale di Odontoiatria 1971 Jan-Mar;52(1):25-30 <143> UI - 72051615 AU - Ostrom CA TI - [Experiences of the American Navy with topical applications of stannous fluoride]. [French] SO - Medecine et Hygiene 1971 Oct 13;29(980):1552 <144> UI - 71256854 AU - Forrester DJ AU - Auger MF TI - A review of currently available topical fluoride agents. [Review] [63 refs] SO - ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children 1971 Jul-Aug;38(4):272-8 <145> UI - 71208043 AU - Theuer RC AU - Mahoney AW AU - Sarett HP TI - Placental transfer of fluoride and tin in rats given various fluoride and tin salts. SO - Journal of Nutrition 1971 Apr;101(4):525-32 <146> UI - 71186565 AU - Jordan TH AU - Wei SH AU - Bromberger SH AU - King JC TI - Sn3-F3-PO4: the product of the reaction between stannous fluoride and hydroxyapatite. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1971 Mar;16(3):241-6 <147> UI - 71152814 AU - Bowen WH TI - The effects of calcium, magnesium and manganese on dextran production by a cariogenic streptococcus. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1971 Jan;16(1):115-9 <148> UI - 71155315 AU - Briner WW AU - Francis MD TI - Comparison of the anticaries effects in rats of NaF and SnF2 applied topically under a wide variety of experimental conditions. SO - Caries Research 1971;5(2):180-7 <149> UI - 72184960 AU - Vrbic V AU - Logar A AU - Podobnik B TI - [Trace elements and dental caries]. [Slovene] SO - Zobozdravstveni Vestnik 1970;25(5):152-9 <150> UI - 71216329 AU - Briner A AU - Cerasa G AU - Barros L TI - [Influence of certain chemical elements on the susceptibilty of the tooth to caries]. [Spanish] SO - Odontologia Chilena 1970 Apr-Jun;18(97):36-40 <151> UI - 71186374 AU - Plathner CH