Database: MEDLINE <: biomedical, nursing & dental literature, 1966 - Oct 2000.> Search Strategy (You Saved Citations 1-190 From Set 70): ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 exp Decision support techniques/ 19211 2 exp Decision making/ 28700 3 exp Decision making, computer-assisted/ 16758 4 ((decision: or consensus) adj (making or make$1 or support 14407 or theory or trees or technique:)).mp. 5 exp "Sensitivity and specificity"/ 89544 6 Computer simulation/ 19925 7 Computer systems/ 3947 8 Computers/ 40006 9 (computer: adj5 (simulation: or system: or decision: or 23667 predict: or forecast:)).mp. 10 Forecasting/ 28594 11 Models, biological/ 101335 12 Likelihood functions/ 3382 13 exp Risk/ 227197 14 exp "Outcome assessment (health care)"/ 103983 15 or/1-14 649701 16 exp Tooth demineralization/ 22628 17 demineralization.mp. 1620 18 caries.mp. 15295 19 caires.mp. 1 20 craies.mp. 0 21 careis.mp. 4 22 carise.mp. 0 23 (teeth adj3 cavit:).mp. 422 24 (tooth adj3 cavit:).mp. 217 25 (dental adj3 cavit:).mp. 276 26 (dentin adj3 cavit:).mp. 254 27 (enamel adj3 cavit:).mp. 182 28 (teeth adj3 decay:).mp. 374 29 (tooth adj3 decay:).mp. 321 30 (dental adj3 decay:).mp. 250 31 (dentin adj3 decay:).mp. 12 32 (enamel adj3 decay:).mp. 20 33 (active adj decay).mp. 9 34 (rampant adj3 decay:).mp. 14 35 (recurrent adj3 decay:).mp. 30 36 (white adj spot:).mp. 509 37 carious.mp. 2077 38 cariology.ti,ab. 56 39 (non-cavitated adj3 lesion:).mp. 15 40 (noncavitated adj3 lesion:).mp. 2 41 Tooth remineralization/ 478 42 (dental adj3 fissure:).mp. 99 43 (tooth adj3 fissure:).mp. 50 44 (teeth adj3 fissure:).mp. 98 45 caries-free.mp. 603 46 cariesfree.mp. 17 47 Cariogenic agents/ 728 48 precavit:.mp. 8 49 (filled adj3 teeth).mp. 510 50 (filled adj3 tooth).mp. 117 51 (oral adj fissure:).mp. 6 52 (tooth adj3 remineraliz:).mp. 28 53 (teeth adj3 remineraliz:).mp. 24 54 dft.mp. 413 55 dfs.mp. 1258 56 dmf:.mp. 6397 57 cariogeni:.mp. 1787 58 or/16-57 32256 59 15 and 58 2571 60 limit 59 to (human and english language and yr=1980-2000) 2084 61 limit 60 to (infant < 1 to 23 months > or preschool child < 735 2 to 5 years > or child < 6 to 12 years >) 62 limit 60 to (adolescence < 13 to 18 years > or adult < 19 1117 to 44 years > or middle age < 45 to 64 years > or "aged < 65 and over >" or "aged, < 80 and over >") 63 61 and 62 393 64 60 not 61 1349 65 64 or 63 1742 66 (disease adj free adj (survival or patient:)).mp. 6825 67 65 not 66 1490 68 "Root caries"/ 297 69 exp "Tooth root"/ 7047 70 67 not (68 or 69) 1390 71 from 70 keep 1-300 300 72 from 70 keep 301-600 300 73 from 70 keep 601-900 300 74 from 70 keep 901-1200 300 75 from 70 keep 1201-1390 190 *************************** <1> UI - 88060005 AU - Pitts NB TI - Detection of approximal radiolucencies in enamel: a preliminary comparison between experienced clinicians and an image analysis method. SO - Journal of Dentistry 1987 Oct;15(5):191-7 <2> UI - 88035369 AU - Gangler P AU - Hoyer I IN - Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Stomatology, Medical Academy of Erfurt, German Democratic Republic. TI - A new experimental restoration model in man for studying enamel reactions. SO - Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 1987 Sep;14(5):457-64 AB - A new model of experimental restoration is suggested for testing the marginal imperfections of composite resin, for examining the surface morphology of composite restorations and of sound, etched and remineralized enamel. Enamel-dentine samples with standardized cavities and composite restorations were placed on lower removable partial dentures using the etching technique. After 12 and 28 days the specimens were examined in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), operated at 15 kV. After 12 days the examination of the conventional composite resin by SEM showed extremely rough structures. The use of the enamel etch techniques produces acceptable marginal conditions with tags and some minor gaps. Etching the enamel emphasizes its prismatic structure and reveals the typical pattern of demineralization, involving prism cores and the preferential dissolution of prism peripheries. After 12 days the SEM appearance of uncovered etched enamel suggested that incomplete remineralization had occurred. After 28 days the mineral recoating, which had progressed further, predominantly involved prism-orientated repair. The experimental model described here is more accurate, highly standardizable and easily accessible, compared with conventional clinical and replica techniques. <3> UI - 88042316 AU - Poulsen VJ IN - Institute for Community Dentistry, Royal Dental College, Copenhagen, Denmark. TI - Caries risk children in the Danish child dental service. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 1987 Sep;5(3):169-75 AB - The purpose of the investigation was 1) to describe the progression and pattern of dental caries among Danish school children with high caries experience in relation to comparable groups of children with low or moderate levels of caries, and 2) to study the possibilities of early identification of risk children from information on caries experience in the mixed dentition. Longitudinal data from the Public Child Dental Service in a representative Danish municipality were used. Data on caries among children have been collected each year according to the standardized Danish recording system. In 1983/84, about 10% of the children with a high level of caries (H-group), and 10% with a low level of caries (L-group) were selected from all school children at grade 2 (n = 595), grade 5 (n = 658), and grade 8 (n = 631). Gradual increments of caries were observed for all three cohorts of H-groups. On average, caries on mesial and distal surfaces accounted for one fifth of the total caries experience in the permanent teeth and, in particular, molars were affected. In the primary dentition, caries on occlusal and on smooth surfaces accounted each for 40% of the caries experience. Caries in primary molars was dominating. Attempts were made to identify caries risk children at grade 8 from information on caries severity zone or from total caries experience at grade 1. Low values of predictive power were obtained. Therefore the relevance of sociomedical and sociological methods in the child dental service should be studied. <4> UI - 88039783 AU - Sheiham A IN - Joint Department of Community Dental Health and Dental Practice, University College London. TI - Sucrose and dental caries. [Review] [21 refs] SO - Nutrition & Health 1987;5(1-2):25-9 AB - Sucrose is unequivocally implicated in the cause of dental caries. Biochemical, microbiological, animal and human clinical and epidemiological evidence support a causal relationship. The risk of caries is related both to the amount and the frequency of intake of sucrose. The evidence that sucrose is important is that a) extracellular synthesis of polysaccharides by plaque bacteria is dependent on high concentration of sucrose. Without synthesis of polymers S. mutans cannot colonize the mouth in large numbers. b) studies on animals show a relationship between sucrose content of a food and its cariogenicity, c) there is a direct relationship between the quantity of sucrose consumed and caries in humans, d) the relationship between dietary sucrose and caries in humans approximates an S-shaped curve that rises more steeply when the sucrose-containing products are consumed frequently and when newly erupted teeth are present in young children and adolescents. Following the sharp rise, the curve flattens out. Sucrose is much more cariogenic than starch in humans. Reduction in sucrose consumption levels by half will benefit dental health and is unlikely to have any detrimental effects on health. [References: 21] <5> UI - 87309282 AU - Levine MJ AU - Aguirre A AU - Hatton MN AU - Tabak LA TI - Artificial salivas: present and future. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1987 Feb;66 Spec No:693-8 AB - Modern technology has allowed us to understand better the functions of saliva and now provides a rationale for developing: (1) diagnostic reagents for monitoring oral and systemic health status and (2) replacement therapies for individuals with salivary dysfunctions. Several areas of dental research are directed at augmenting or enhancing both the quality and quantity of saliva for individuals with dry mouth. An "intrinsic" approach is being explored which utilizes medications such as pilocarpine and bromhexine to stimulate the salivary glands to produce more saliva. An "extrinsic" approach proposes to use topically applied artificial saliva. Studies in our laboratory have been directed toward developing artificial salivas which incorporate many of the protective features of "native" saliva. An ideal artificial saliva should be "long-lasting", provide lubrication, inhibit colonization of microflora responsible for dental caries and gingivitis, and coat the oral soft tissues for protection against environmental insult and desiccation. Studies are currently under way to determine the structural requirements of salivary molecules responsible for these protective functions. Composite salivary molecules consisting of multiple biologically active or "functional domains" could then be designed and synthesized based upon primary sequence and conformational analyses, computer-assisted structural predictions, and in vitro testing. These supersalivary substances could then be used as saliva substitutes for targeting to selected oral surfaces to promote mineralization, hydration, and/or regulate microbial-mediated disease. <6> UI - 87309261 AU - Wefel JS AU - Maharry GJ AU - Jensen ME AU - Harless JD TI - Development of an intra-oral single-section remineralization model. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1987 Sep;66(9):1485-9 AB - An intra-oral model system has been developed which uses a single-section technique for before-and-after measurements on the same tissue. This model allows for placement of sections of enamel at both buccal and approximal sites. These sections may be sound or possess white-spot lesions. This allows for the evaluation of lesion initiation, lesion progression, and/or lesion remineralization. The sections are appropriate for measurement by polarized light microscopy, and, although not included in this study, they are also suitable for microradiographic evaluation. With ten human volunteers, the model system was evaluated by means of three rinse regimens in a cross-over design. The distilled water rinse showed the whole range of possible changes (e.g., demineralization, no change, and remineralization). More consistent remineralization was observed when a fluoride rinse or a remineralizing fluid was used. This model system should prove to be quite useful in evaluation of demineralization and remineralization phenomena in the oral environment. <7> UI - 87309202 AU - Reynolds EC TI - The prevention of sub-surface demineralization of bovine enamel and change in plaque composition by casein in an intra-oral model. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1987 Jun;66(6):1120-7 AB - The ability of bovine milk phosphoprotein (casein) to be incorporated into plaque, prevent enamel sub-surface demineralization, and affect bacterial composition was determined using a modified intra-oral caries model. The intra-oral model consisted of a removable appliance containing a left and right pair of bovine enamel slabs placed to simulate an approximal area. Supragingival plaque was collected and impacted into the left and right inter-enamel spaces. The left side of the appliance was exposed to various sugar and salt solutions, while the right side was exposed to sugar and casein solutions. Sodium caseinate, the major fraction alpha s1-casein, and a tryptic digest of alpha s1-casein (TD-casein) were studied. Sodium caseinate at a level of 2% w/v in a 3% sucrose-3% glucose-salt solution (pH 7.0) prevented sub-surface enamel demineralization over a ten-day period as shown by microradiography and microhardness. Two exposures of a 2% w/v sodium caseinate, alpha s1-casein, or TD-casein solution (pH 7.0) per day prevented sub-surface enamel demineralization caused by six exposures of a 3% sucrose-3% glucose-salt solution per day over a ten-day period. Intact alpha s1-casein and tryptic peptides were shown immunochemically to be incorporated into the inter-enamel plaque. The incorporation of casein and its breakdown in plaque did not produce a significant change in the amount or composition of plaque bacteria. The ability of casein and tryptic peptides to prevent enamel demineralization was related to their incorporation into plaque, thereby increasing plaque calcium phosphate and acid-buffering capacity by the phosphoseryl, histidyl, glutamyl, and aspartyl residues and indirectly through catabolism by plaque bacteria. <8> UI - 87273390 AU - Vogel GL AU - Carey CM AU - Chow LC AU - Gregory TM AU - Brown WE TI - Ultramicro analysis of the fluid in human enamel during in vitro caries attack by hydrochloric acid. SO - Caries Research 1987;21(4):310-25 <9> UI - 87289259 AU - Beiraghi S AU - Katz S AU - Beiswanger BB TI - In vitro model for pit and fissure caries. SO - Pediatric Dentistry 1987 Jun;9(2):131-5 <10> UI - 87294283 AU - Leclercq MH AU - Barmes DE AU - Infirri JS TI - Oral health: global trends and projections. SO - World Health Statistics Quarterly - Rapport Trimestriel de Statistiques Sanitaires Mondiales 1987;40(2):116-28 <11> UI - 87229918 AU - Pearce EI AU - Hampton ML TI - A rational laboratory test of the cariogenicity of foods, and its application to dairy products. SO - New Zealand Dental Journal 1987 Apr;83(372):37-42 <12> UI - 87213820 AU - Pitts NB TI - 'Monitoring the behaviour of posterior approximal carious lesions by image analysis of serial standardised bitewing radiographs' [letter]. SO - British Dental Journal 1987 May 23;162(10):378-9 <13> UI - 87209867 AU - Scheinin A TI - Dietary carbohydrates and dental disorders. SO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1987 May;45(5 Suppl):1218-25 <14> UI - 87177738 AU - Bjerkeborn K AU - Dahllof G AU - Hedlin G AU - Lindell M AU - Modeer T TI - Effect of disease severity and pharmacotherapy of asthma on oral health in asthmatic children. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1987 Apr;95(2):159-64 AB - Oral health was studied in a group of asthmatic children (n = 61). The children were divided in two groups, 5-10 and 11-18 yr of age. The individuals with asthma were further subgrouped with respect to the disease severity. Severe asthma was defined as more than 10 asthmatic attacks per year. This patient group had daily medication compared to children with moderate asthma (less than 10 asthmatic attacks/yr) who medicated temporarily. 55 age matched children from the same area made up the control group. All children were examined clinically and two bitewing radiographs were taken. The results showed no statistically significant differences concerning caries prevalence and gingival condition in asthmatic children compared to a healthy control group. The study shows that neither the asthma per se nor the disease severity affected the caries prevalence and gingival condition in asthmatic children. <15> UI - 87166969 AU - Hagan PP AU - Levy SM AU - Machen JB TI - Validation of the children's Oral Health Status Index (COHSI). SO - ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children 1987 Mar-Apr;54(2):110-3 AB - The findings presented here provide support for the validity of the Children's Oral Health Status Index. The COHSI is a good predictor of dentists' ranking of the oral health of pairs of children when there are at least ten points difference between the scores. <16> UI - 87128678 AU - Bandlish LK TI - 'Monitoring the behaviour of posterior approximal carious lesions by image analysis of serial standardised bitewing radiographs' [letter]. SO - British Dental Journal 1987 Feb 21;162(4):136 <17> UI - 87104056 AU - Palin-Palokas T AU - Hausen H AU - Heinonen O TI - Relative importance of caries risk factors in Finnish mentally retarded children. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1987 Feb;15(1):19-23 AB - The relative importance of associations between caries occurrence and exposure to sugar-sweetened products, fluoride preventives, medication with drugs affecting saliva secretion and the standard of oral hygiene was assessed in 125 mentally retarded and 79 healthy 9-10-yr-old Finnish children. The evaluation of the relative importance of the associations was based on logistic regression analyses. For the mentally retarded children the most important determinant of caries risk was their poor standard of oral hygiene. Frequent use of sugar-sweetened snacks was found to be an important determinant of caries risk for both the mentally retarded and the healthy children. <18> UI - 87289626 AU - Nordblad A TI - Patterns and indicators of dental decay in the permanent dentition of children and adolescents. SO - Proceedings of the Finnish Dental Society 1986;82 Suppl 11-13:1-69 <19> UI - 87150794 AU - Dyer RA AU - Dyer SA AU - Bhagat PK TI - Myocardial tissue characterization using pattern recognition procedures on backscattered ultrasonic signals. SO - Ultrasonic Imaging 1986 Jul;8(3):181-95 AB - Pattern recognition techniques were applied to backscattered signals obtained in vitro from normal and abnormal canine and human heart samples. Orthogonal transforms, in conjunction with the variance criterion, comprised the feature extractors. The minimum-distance (MD) and nearest-neighbor (NN) rules were used as classification. When the MD rule was used, the magnitude of the DFT gave the best performance for both canine and human samples. When the NN rule was used, all the transforms performed comparably. The classification performances were improved for both species when the NN rule was used with feature extractors containing phase information. <20> UI - 87147173 AU - Milen A AU - Tala H TI - Social inequity in oral health--a newly awakened problem. SO - Proceedings of the Finnish Dental Society 1986;82(5-6):260-6 <21> UI - 87117695 AU - DeSchepper EJ AU - Wendt SL AU - Alms TH TI - Clinical predictability of caries beneath restorations. SO - Operative Dentistry 1986 Autumn;11(4):136-42 <22> UI - 87106253 AU - Ball IA TI - An update on fissure sealants (2). SO - Dental Update 1986 Oct;13(9):419-22 <23> UI - 87093935 AU - Bergman B AU - Ericson G TI - Cross-sectional study of patients treated with removable partial dentures with special reference to the caries situation. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1986 Oct;94(5):436-42 AB - Thirty-four patients provided with removable partial dentures (RPDs) were reexamined after 3 yr. Caries that had developed during the period were analyzed with regard to the following potential caries risk factors: Lactobacilli, Streptococcus mutans, flow rate and buffer pH of paraffin stimulated saliva, oral hygiene and daily sucrose intake. Of 436 initially intact surfaces 31 (7.1%) had decayed and/or were restored during the 3-yr period. Caries recurred in 26 (6.2%) out of 422 initially restored surfaces during the same period. The development of new or recurrent caries had no correlation to whether or not the surfaces affected were in contact with the RPDs. No single caries risk factor seemed to be sufficiently closely correlated to the number of caries lesions developed to be used alone in the selection of patients at risk. When the sum of assumed negative factors was used a correlation was found for the group as a whole between the number of negative factors and the development of caries. However predicting the development of caries in any individual case seems to be more complicated. <24> UI - 87099463 AU - Kotsanos N AU - Darling AI AU - Levers BG TI - A model for the production of artificial caries in the mouth in man. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1986;31(7):491-5 AB - Sixteen blocks of enamel were sliced from the buccal surfaces of caries-free human premolars and mounted in an appliance worn in the mouth by one individual for 6 months. Eight of the blocks were arranged in pairs with buccal surfaces in contact. The other eight were not in contact but were able to accumulate plaque by being recessed in the appliance. Lesions formed in all specimens, the depths of which were measured in ground sections; around contact surfaces, these formed at only half the rate of those not in contact. Histologically, lesions on contact surfaces were similar to natural lesions, but the shape of the artificially-induced lesions was greatly influenced by the curvature of the buccal enamel. <25> UI - 87079429 AU - Spencer AJ TI - Contribution of fluoride vehicles to change in caries severity in Australian adolescents. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1986 Oct;14(5):238-41 AB - The contribution of a fluoride vehicle to change in caries severity in a population depends on the importance of its association with caries severity and the population's exposure to the vehicle. The present study aimed to quantify population trends in Australian adolescents' exposure to fluoridated water supplies, fluoride supplements and fluoride-containing dentifrice between 1965 and 1978, and conditionally up to 1990; to predict changes in caries severity; and to indicate the change attributable to each fluoride vehicle. At a population level, proportion of lifetime exposure to fluoridated water supplies and market-share held by fluoride-containing dentifrice increased over the period 1965 to 1990. Regular use of fluoride supplements first increased, then decreased over the period. Caries severity was predicted to have decreased markedly for Australian adolescents over the period 1965 to 1990, with the rate of change over the period varying by age. Fluoridated water supplies, followed by fluoride-containing dentifrice contributed most to the change in caries severity. <26> UI - 87079428 AU - Spencer AJ TI - Past association of fluoride vehicles with caries severity in Australian adolescents. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1986 Oct;14(5):233-7 AB - Clarification of future changes in caries severity depends upon the identification and quantification of factors associated with past changes in caries severity. The present study quantified the association of three fluoride vehicles with caries severity in Australian adolescents between 1965 and 1978. The three fluoride vehicles were fluoridated water supplies, fluoride supplements and fluoride containing dentifrice. All three fluoride vehicles were significantly associated with caries severity over the period 1965 to 1978. The direction of the associations were all negative, while the magnitude of the regression coefficients indicated that the most important association was with fluoridated water supplies, followed by fluoride supplements, then fluoride containing dentifrice. <27> UI - 87060896 AU - Vigild M TI - Dental caries experience among children with Down's syndrome. SO - Journal of Mental Deficiency Research 1986 Sep;30 ( Pt 3):271-6 AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine dental caries experience among institutionalized and non-institutionalized mentally retarded children with Down's Syndrome (DS). Caries was furthermore assessed in a control group of mentally retarded individuals without DS. A total of 288 persons, 6-19 years old, were examined. The prevalence of caries free individuals was 40%. Institutionalized subjects had a lower caries prevalence than those living at home, probably as a result of differences in environment. Within all age groups, DS subjects had less caries but also fewer erupted permanent teeth than those without DS. In order to adjust for this difference, the DS subjects were compared with other mentally retarded individuals who were 1 year younger. After this correction, significantly lower caries prevalence was only found among the older age groups. When the results were analyzed on the basis of the number of teeth present and not on the number of tooth surfaces significant differences could not be found, even without the age correction. It is concluded that individuals with DS are susceptible to caries, though the prevalence of approximal caries is low, probably mainly due to the fact that DS subjects have more spacing. <28> UI - 87051053 AU - Young W TI - Targeting preventive services in the Saskatchewan Dental Plan. SO - Journal / Canadian Dental Association. Journal de l Association Dentaire Canadienne 1986 Oct;52(10):827-30 <29> UI - 87070824 AU - Walker AR TI - Diet and dental caries: the convinced, the sceptics, and the future. SO - Journal of the Dental Association of South Africa 1986 May;41(5):235-41 <30> UI - 87048420 AU - Spencer AJ TI - Trends in dental caries: Australian adolescents. SO - Australian Dental Journal 1986 Aug;31(4):262-7 <31> UI - 87002361 AU - Alhaique F AU - Riccieri FM AU - Santucci E AU - Riccioni G TI - Effect of fluoride on diffusion of calcium in mucin: a possible mechanism affecting remineralization of carious enamel. SO - Caries Research 1986;20(5):437-40 <32> UI - 87002358 AU - Katz S AU - Park KK AU - Stookey GK AU - Schemehorn BR TI - Development and initial testing of a model for in vitro formation of pit and fissure caries. SO - Caries Research 1986;20(5):424-8 <33> UI - 86314552 AU - Katz RV TI - Dental caries: questions about future treatment needs of adults. SO - Quintessence International 1986 Aug;17(8):503-8 <34> UI - 86312092 AU - Finau SA TI - Health and nutritional status of Tongan preschool children after Cyclone Isaac. SO - New Zealand Medical Journal 1986 Aug 27;99(808):630-2 AB - A post-cyclone assessment of the health and nutritional status of preschool children at Ha'apai, Tonga Is, showed lower disease incidence and an unchanged pattern of illness. Height and weight measurements indicated nutrition problems to be chronic and perhaps unrelated to the effects of the disaster. This study supports the hypothesis that natural disasters do not generate new diseases or necessarily lead to disease outbreaks. <35> UI - 86299451 AU - Bader JD AU - Graves RC AU - Disney JA AU - Bohannan HM AU - Stamm JW AU - Abernathy JR AU - Lindahl RL TI - Identifying children who will experience high caries increments. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1986 Aug;14(4):198-201 AB - An 18-month longitudinal study of 197 5 to 18-yr-old children was conducted to assess the performance of multiple baseline variables in predicting which children would experience high increments of caries. Nine predictors were assessed; DMFS and defs scores, number of permanent teeth, indices of fissure retentiveness and occlusal morphology, S. mutans and lactobacilli levels, and sex and race. Discriminant analyses were applied to data for children in five age groups to identify the 30% who would have the largest 18-month DMFS increments. Prediction performance was assessed by comparisons with the actual high increment group, defined as those children with increments in the upper quartiles of the DMFS distributions within age groups. The analyses predicted between 56% and 91% of actual high increment children depending on age group. The children identified in the analyses experienced between 59% and 91% of the disease experienced by the actual high increment groups. <36> UI - 86275520 AU - Elderton RJ TI - Dentistry in the year 2000. Restorative dentistry. 2. Prospects for the future. SO - Dental Update 1986 May;13(4):161-4, 168 <37> UI - 86295281 AU - Lester KS TI - The future of conservative dentistry. SO - Australian Dental Journal 1986 Apr;31(2):111-6 <38> UI - 86279177 AU - Greene WM AU - Newbrun E TI - A theoretical study of in vivo lesion repair using a controlled-release device. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1986 Sep;65(9):1169-72 AB - A theoretical model of lesion remineralization predicts that in vivo caries repair can be effected in a five-day period by means of a controlled- and sustained-release device containing calcium, phosphate, and fluoride. The calculations detail an 80% repair before the remineralization process stops. However, the fluoridated hydroxyapatite formed is calculated to be about 20% more resistant to future attack than is hydroxyapatite, making effective repair complete. Optimal flux (W) conditions for repair of 100 microns lesions are WCa = 1.0 X 10(-6) kg/m2s, stoichiometric phosphate, and WF = 2.0 X 10(-9) kg/m2s. <39> UI - 86279168 AU - Brown WE AU - Chow LC TI - Effects of neutral salts in a bench-scale caries model. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1986 Sep;65(9):1115-20 AB - In an earlier paper on bench-scale simulation of the caries process, it was shown that the passage of ions through ion-permselective barriers could have profound effects on the composition of the solution within the "lesion" at steady state. As indicated in earlier papers, these changes are produced by unequal rates of diffusion of Ca and PO4 ions prior to reaching steady state. Comparable effects are attributable to F ions when present. Here, we used the same two-compartment diffusion apparatus and membranes, as described in the earlier paper, to show that a neutral salt, such as NaCl, disproportionates under the influence of membrane potential. Thus, although the Na and Cl concentrations are nearly equal in the "plaque-saliva" compartment, they become very different in the "lesion" solution. An excess of Na over Cl is equivalent to the presence of the component NaOH, and an excess of Cl over Na is equivalent to the presence of HCl. With the highly permselective commercial membranes used in these experiments, the Ca/P ratio in the "lesion" solution changed from an initial value of 1.6 to a value as high as 53 or as low as 0.1 at steady state. These phenomena are relevant to the events taking place in a caries lesion and must be taken into account in devising physicochemical models of the caries process. A valid caries model, in turn, offers the possibility of identifying steps in the caries mechanism which might be blocked to prevent tooth decay. <40> UI - 86244888 AU - Noorda WD AU - Purdell-Lewis DJ AU - van Montfort AM AU - Weerkamp AH TI - Developmental and metabolic aspects of a monobacterial plaque of Streptococcus mutans C 67-1 grown on human enamel slabs in an artificial mouth model. II. Enamel data. SO - Caries Research 1986;20(4):308-14 <41> UI - 86244897 AU - Pitts NB AU - Renson CE TI - Further development of a computer-aided image analysis method of quantifying radiolucencies in approximal enamel. SO - Caries Research 1986;20(4):361-70 <42> UI - 86256889 AU - Mok EC AU - Boyer AL TI - Encoding patient contours using Fourier descriptors for computer treatment planning. SO - Medical Physics 1986 May-Jun;13(3):413-5 AB - Frequently it is desirable to digitize patient's external and internal contours from computer-assisted tomography (CAT) scan images and to use them for computer treatment planning. After the contours are digitized, each contour could contain over 1000 points. It is a common practice to reduce the number of contour points by interpolation methods in order to use them in a treatment planning program, and in order to save storage space. This paper describes an alternative method for encoding contours. The x-y coordinates of each contour point are represented as a complex number, x + jy. The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the array of complex numbers is then computed. Only the 50 lowest frequency components of the DFT are retained. Each contour is then represented by these 50 complex numbers, known as Fourier descriptors. The original contour is restored by performing the inverse Fourier transform. All the frequency components higher than 50 are assumed to be zero during the inverse Fourier transform. The algorithm is described in detail. <43> UI - 86233968 AU - Pitts NB TI - Approximal radiolucencies in partially overlapped enamel: the need for quantitation and a preliminary assessment of a computer-aided image analysis method. SO - Quintessence International 1986 Apr;17(4):229-36 <44> UI - 86203001 AU - Smith GE TI - The action of fluoride in teeth and bone. [Review] [79 refs] SO - Medical Hypotheses 1986 Feb;19(2):139-54 AB - The beneficial effect of fluoride to tooth enamel and its potentially harmful effect on bone, may be explained by simple and similar mechanisms. In individuals whose skeletal tissues contain higher than normal levels of fluoride there is a possibility that during resorptive and remodeling processes, bone (and bone marrow) cells may be exposed to genotoxic and lethal levels of fluoride. The success of fluoride as a preventive against dental caries does not mean that unnecessary exposure to the element should be tolerated. Total daily fluoride intake from a multiplicity of possible everyday sources should be monitored; and the assumption that sodium fluoride is safe to use as an anti-caries agent, particularly for expectant mothers and children, should be reviewed. [References: 79] <45> UI - 86189222 AU - Johnston DW AU - Grainger RM AU - Ryan RK TI - The decline of dental caries in Ontario school children. SO - Journal / Canadian Dental Association. Journal de l Association Dentaire Canadienne 1986 May;52(5):411-7 <46> UI - 86189122 AU - Mileman PA AU - Vissers T AU - Purdell-Lewis DJ TI - The application of decision making analysis to the diagnosis of approximal caries. SO - Community Dental Health 1986 Mar;3(1):65-81 <47> UI - 86191155 AU - Nordblad A TI - Changes in epidemiologic pattern of dental caries in cohorts of schoolchildren in Espoo, Finland, during a 3-year period. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1986 Apr;14(2):126-7 AB - The purpose of the present study was to establish the distribution of need for treatment of dental caries and also to evaluate the changes in the distribution of DMFT scores in cohorts of schoolchildren aged 7-15 yr. There was a decrease in the proportion of children with high DMFT scores during the study period. The difference was most pronounced at the age of 13 yr. Polarization of the DMFT scores was most obvious at 10 yr, but was also seen at 13 yr. The proportion of patients at risk of caries differs from one age group to another. <48> UI - 86204831 AU - Valachovic RW AU - Douglass CW AU - Reiskin AB AU - Chauncey HH AU - McNeil BJ TI - The use of panoramic radiography in the evaluation of asymptomatic adult dental patients. SO - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1986 Mar;61(3):289-96 AB - This article examines the efficacy of panoramic radiography alone and in combination with intraoral films as part of the "full-mouth" radiographic evaluation of asymptomatic dental patients in the diagnosis of dental caries and periodontal disease. Three full-mouth radiographic surveys--the panoramic alone, the panoramic plus posterior bitewing, and the periapical plus posterior bitewing--are compared. Two forms of measurement--comparative and incremental--were used to identify the radiographic survey with the highest single diagnostic yield when measured against the consensus standard. The findings show that the panoramic radiograph alone exhibits very low sensitivities to dental caries, ranging from 0.6% on anterior teeth to 25.6% on premolars. Even when posterior bitewing radiographs are added to the panoramic films, the sensitivities are significantly below those of the full-mouth periapical and bitewing survey. In contrast, the sensitivities of all three radiographic surveys in the diagnosis of periodontal disease are quite high, ranging from 87% to 96%, so that differences are not clinically significant. However, specificities tended to be low for periodontal disease and high for caries. Thus, for dental caries and (to a lesser extent) periodontal disease, the panoramic radiograph was inferior to the full-mouth intraoral series in its ability to correctly detect evidence of the disease. <49> UI - 86196585 AU - Strassler HE AU - Minah GE AU - Kula KS TI - Microbiological and microhardness evaluation of artificial enamel fissures worn intraorally by humans. SO - Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1986 Jan;23(1):6-10 AB - Devices simulating occlusal fissures were constructed from dental enamel and bonded to human maxillary molar teeth for 3 weeks. Facilitation of in vivo caries research in humans is the long-range goal for this model system. In the present investigation, microbial compositions of plaque in the fissural space of the model and natural fissural plaque from teeth bearing the devices were compared. Plaque from models constructed from either bovine or human enamel was also compared. In addition, microhardness of the enamel surfaces was examined before and after oral exposure. Plaque in both bovine and human enamel models differed significantly from natural fissural plaque in several microbial categories. Differences appeared to be related to the increased accessibility of the deep fissural contents of the models. For example, levels of the aciduric Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella species were higher in the models, although levels of a salivary inhabitant, Streptococcus salivarius, were lower. Plaque in bovine and human enamel models was similar, and both models showed significant decreases in enamel microhardness after oral exposure for 3 weeks. The model system should be useful in caries research in that carieslike activity was simulated within a relatively short period of time, and the fissural space became colonized by high levels of cariogenic bacteria. <50> UI - 86176565 AU - Childs JM AU - Spears WD TI - Flight-skill decay and recurrent training. SO - Perceptual & Motor Skills 1986 Feb;62(1):235-42 AB - This article addresses the problem of flight-skill decay. The complexity of the problem is outlined with regard to identifying the nature and extent of decayed skills. It is suggested that cognitive/procedural skills are more prone than control-oriented skills to decay over periods of disuse. Effective recurrent training methods offer the most promise in forestalling loss of proficiency. Several such methods are described, and the importance of cognitive training is emphasized. Finally, criteria are noted for evaluating the utility of recurrent training media. The theories and practical measures discussed apply to many skills other than those of flying. <51> UI - 86159452 AU - Pitts NB AU - Renson CE TI - Image analysis of bitewing radiographs: a histologically validated comparison with visual assessments of radiolucency depth in enamel. SO - British Dental Journal 1986 Mar 22;160(6):205-9 <52> UI - 86154833 AU - Shwartz M AU - Pliskin JS AU - Grondahl HG AU - Boffa J TI - The expected benefits from alternative frequencies of bitewing radiograms. SO - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 1986 Feb;44(1):11-6 AB - From an analysis of serial bitewing radiograms, we have developed a mathematical model of the initiation and progression of approximal carious lesions in the permanent teeth. The model is used to estimate the expected number of lesions, per individual, not detected until they reach the inner half of the dentin, as a function of the frequency with which radiograms are taken between the ages of 8 and 20 years. If radiograms are performed every 6 months and lesions not restored until radiolucencies appear in the dentin, under 5% of all lesions developing over the 12-year period will reach the inner half of the dentin before detection. If radiograms are taken every 2 years, about 18% of all lesions will have reached the inner half of the dentin before detection. The sensitivity of these conclusions to different assumptions is examined. <53> UI - 86141163 AU - Hein JW TI - The future of dentistry--especially dental education. SO - Journal of Dental Education 1986 Mar;50(3):162-6 <54> UI - 86117613 AU - Shwartz M AU - Pliskin JS AU - Grondahl HG AU - Boffa J TI - A deep model of the incidence of dental caries on proximal surfaces. SO - Medical Decision Making 1986 Jan-Mar;6(1):42-8 AB - As a component of an analysis of the benefits of alternative frequencies of bitewing radiographs to detect dental caries, the authors developed and validated a model to generate an individual's probability distribution for new carious lesions in a year. The model postulates two sources of variability in caries incidence--differences in individuals' underlying caries susceptibilities and a random component. The model is used to examine the nature of caries risk over time. The large random fluctuations in an individual's caries susceptibility from year to year, combined with the random nature of caries attack, makes it difficult to predict future caries experience from the individual's caries experience in the recent past. By modeling the process giving rise to observed incidence data rather than focusing directly on the observed data, i.e., by developing a deep rather than a surface model, the authors have elucidated underlying disease dynamics and provided a basis for generalizing from the particular data used to develop the model. <55> UI - 86106105 AU - Boffa J AU - Shwartz M AU - Ash A AU - Pliskin JS AU - Grondahl HG TI - Bilateral dental caries from the individual perspective: a definition and a statistical test for its existence. SO - Caries Research 1986;20(1):91-5 <56> UI - 86106104 AU - Pitts NB TI - Regression of approximal carious lesions diagnosed from serial standardized bitewing radiographs. SO - Caries Research 1986;20(1):85-90 <57> UI - 86112804 AU - Dawes C AU - Dibdin GH TI - A theoretical analysis of the effects of plaque thickness and initial salivary sucrose concentration on diffusion of sucrose into dental plaque and its conversion to acid during salivary clearance. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1986 Feb;65(2):89-94 AB - A mathematical model, written in FORTRAN, has been developed to simulate the interrelated processes of salivary sucrose clearance from the mouth, diffusion of sucrose into dental plaque, and conversion of sucrose to acid and glucan. Reaction of acid with enamel is not included in the model. A total of 28 parameters can be varied by the user, and the relative importance of the different factors affecting acid formation can be assessed. The output of the program gives sucrose and acid concentrations and pH at different depths within the plaque. The initial variables studied were plaque thickness, the salivary sucrose concentration, and the duration of exposure of the plaque to sucrose. Stephan curves typical of those recorded in vivo were generated by the model. With any particular salivary sucrose concentration, there was an optimum plaque thickness at which a minimum pH was achieved at the enamel surface, with very thin or thick plaque samples producing a smaller pH fall. With thick plaque, the minimum pH was often not achieved at the inner surface but at some intermediate depth, which may explain the location of early caries lesions in fissures. The extent of the pH fall at the inner surface and the duration of the pH-minimum region of the Stephan curve were directly related to the initial salivary sucrose concentration and to the duration of exposure to sucrose prior to normal salivary clearance. Simulation of a water rinse at as short a time as two min after the beginning of normal salivary sugar clearance showed that this procedure had only a very small effect on the shape of the Stephan curve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) <58> UI - 86086703 AU - Arends J AU - Christoffersen J TI - The nature of early caries lesions in enamel. [Review] [79 refs] SO - Journal of Dental Research 1986 Jan;65(1):2-11 AB - Since 1935, various mechanisms have been suggested for the formation of subsurface lesions and, in particular, the surface layer covering enamel lesions. The relatively intact mineral-rich and porous surface layer is most likely caused by kinetic events. The suggested mineral-rich outer layer in sound enamel, the organic matrix, the pellicle, or a non-uniform ion distribution have all been shown to be non-essential for surface layer formation; they may, however, influence the rate of surface layer formation. Models based on outer surface protection by adsorbed agents, the dissolution-precipitation mechanism, and combinations of these two models, as well as models based on porosity or solubility gradients, are discussed in this paper together with their advantages and disadvantages. Most models have not explained some important recent experimental observations on initial in vivo caries lesion formation: e.g., initial enamel lesions formed in vivo do not have a surface layer initially but develop this mineral-rich layer later on; and the fact that the F- level in the solid sound enamel is not determining the subsurface lesion formation. Furthermore, the observations that in vitro fluoride ions in the liquid at very low levels (approximately equal to 0.02 ppm) determine surface layer formation are difficult to explain. A new kinetic model for subsurface lesion formation is described, in which inhibitors such as F- or proteins play an important role. The model predicts that if lesions depth and demineralization period are denoted by df and t, lesion progress can be described by: dfp = alpha t + c, where alpha and c are constants with 1 less than or equal to p less than or equal to 3, depending on the lesion formation conditions. If lesion progress is entirely diffusion-controlled, p = 3, corresponding to low inhibitor concentrations; if the inhibitor content is so high that the progress is controlled by processes at the crystallite surface, p = 1. A kinetic mechanism for surface layer formation in vivo is proposed, based on the assumption that F- is a main inhibitor in the plaque-covered acidic in vivo situation. The inhibiting fluoride, adsorbed onto the crystallite surfaces at OH- vacancies, originates from the so-called fluoride in the liquid phase (FL) between the enamel crystallites. Under acidic conditions (plaque), we have, due to an influx of fluoride from the saliva or plaque as FL, an aqueous phase in the enamel supersaturated with respect to the mineral for a small distance (x*) only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) [References: 79] <59> UI - 87031279 AU - Ruzzene LM AU - Zana P AU - Naik KC TI - Caries prediction. SO - Diastema 1985;13:6-7, 9-12, 15 <60> UI - 86186229 AU - Shellis RP AU - Poole DF TI - Modified procedure for the quantitative estimation of pore volumes in carious dental enamel by polarizing microscopy. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1985;30(11-12):865-8 AB - The polarizing microscope was used to make two estimates of pore-volume fraction in carious enamel. Estimates from form birefringence were always much lower than estimates from the intrinsic birefringence of the enamel solid and were too low for carious enamel. The discrepancy cannot be explained except in part as being due to re-precipitation of mineral during lesion formation. The discrepancy may arise largely from the unjustified assumption that the whole tissue acts as a Wiener composite body. Form birefringence is probably produced only by a fraction of the tissue. A model which reconciles the two pore-volume estimates and enables calculation of the composite body fraction and of the volume fractions of solid within this fraction and in the tissue as a whole is described. It appears that polarizing microscopy will require the conjoint application of other techniques for quantitative estimation of pore-volume fractions. <61> UI - 86176041 AU - Kerr SD TI - Sugar-sweetened medications. A dental caries risk. SO - Oral Health 1985 Nov;75(11):9-10 <62> UI - 86089252 AU - Bres EF AU - Barry JC AU - Hutchison JL TI - High-resolution electron microscope and computed images of human tooth enamel crystals. SO - Journal of Ultrastructure Research 1985 Mar;90(3):261-74 AB - The structure of human enamel crystallites has been studied at a near atomic level by high-resolution electron microscopy. Electron micrographs have been obtained from crystallites present in human enamel with a structure resolution of 0.2 nm in the [0001], [1210], [1213], [1100] and [4510] zone axes directions. In most cases it was possible to match the experimental images with images calculated using the atomic positions of mineral hydroxyapatite. However, in some cases a discrepancy between calculated and experimental image detail was observed in the c direction of the [1210] and the [1100] images. This shows: (i) a structural heterogeneity of the crystals, and (ii) a loss of hexagonal symmetry of the structure. The resolution required to distinguish individual atomic sites in the different zones has been determined, and this will provide a useful basis for future work. As the determination of the "real structure" of biological crystals is of prime importance for the study of calcification mechanisms (crystal growth), biological properties and destructive phenomena of calcified tissues (i.e., dental caries and bone resorption). <63> UI - 86060434 AU - Rodu B AU - Filler SJ AU - Woodfin GK TI - Tooth extraction by orthodontic force after radiation therapy: report of case. SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1985 Dec;111(6):955-7 AB - This report presents a therapeutic approach to orthodontic tooth extraction in a patient at high risk for the development of osteoradionecrosis with conventional techniques. The rationale for this procedure is discussed in detail, combining principles of radiation biology, clinical radiation therapy, and biomechanics of tooth movement. <64> UI - 86053483 AU - Anderson P AU - Elliott JC TI - Scanning X-ray microradiographic study of the formation of caries-like lesions in synthetic apatite aggregates. SO - Caries Research 1985;19(5):403-6 <65> UI - 86052811 AU - Elderton RJ TI - The General Dental Service in Scotland: an evaluation of findings reported by the Dundee Dental Health Services Research Unit. SO - Community Dental Health 1985 Sep;2(3):225-36 <66> UI - 86029040 AU - Pitts NB TI - Score system for behaviour of radiologically diagnosed approximal carious lesions. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1985 Oct;13(5):268-72 AB - The evolution of systems which monitor changes in the severity of approximal carious lesions diagnosed from serial bitewing radiographs is reviewed. These systems derive a 'score' for each individual lesion based upon the extent of its progression. A new lesion behaviour score system is described which, unlike its predecessors, allows both lesion regression and data from partially overlapped but readable surfaces to contribute to scores. It employs scoring codes from a previously proposed standardized grading system which is compatible with WHO recommendations for grading clinical caries. The score system is designed to be used as a computer program capable of running on a variety of readily available microcomputers; this allows the incorporation of a flexible range of additional options which use the standard data files to calculate scores according to differing conventions. These accommodate variations in: the threshold at which restorative intervention is practiced, the treatment of reversals of caries diagnosis, the threshold of caries diagnosis and the way in which partially overlapped surfaces are scored. These options allow the system to be configured to suit the local needs of different investigations and workers, and also permit the study of the effects of these various methodologies. <67> UI - 86032372 AU - Edgar WM TI - Prediction of the cariogenicity of various foods. SO - International Dental Journal 1985 Sep;35(3):190-4 AB - Because of the complex nature of the interactions between dietary constituents and the teeth in the development of dental caries it is inappropriate to try to arrive at an absolute determination of whether or not consumption of a food will always give rise to the formation of cavities. Prediction of a food's cariogenicity can be most usefully regarded as a relative assessment of the food's potential, among other foods, to give rise to caries, with other modifying factors held constant. Cariogenic potential cannot be assessed in human studies for a wide range of foods. However, the most productive experimental approaches have employed animal feeding studies, where eating patterns can be strictly controlled and human biochemical tests on pH responses to food consumption by dental plaque in vivo. Such studies have now produced data on dietary items normally consumed in western countries as snacks, sweets, soft drinks as well as mealtime items. Data on the relative cariogenic potential of foods are of value not only to the dental profession in advising patients on food selection, but also to the food industry in relation to product development and marketing and to government agencies with the responsibility for health education and marketing regulation. <68> UI - 86035018 AU - Lundeen RC AU - Langlais RP AU - Terezhalmy GT TI - Sunscreen protection for lip mucosa: a review and update. SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1985 Oct;111(4):617-21 AB - It has been stated that the key to prevention of oral cancer is to avoid the "five Ss: smoking, spirits, spices, sepsis, and syphilis." There is certainly enough evidence to add another "S"--sunlight. Although there is a paucity of information in the dental literature on the use of sunscreens, the following dermatologic recommendation is noteworthy: "Persons with Skin Types I and II should never sunbathe and should adopt a program of daily application of effective sunscreens (SPF 15) as a habit and from an early age--in much the same manner as daily brushing of the teeth is adopted to prevent dental caries." The dentist should advise patients at high risk for squamous cell carcinoma and those with recurrent herpes labialis to use a sunscreen for the lips of at least SPF 15. The best sunscreen formulation at the present time is a combination of either PABA or an ester of PABA along with a benzophenone. A frequent combination seen on product labels is Padimate O and oxybenzone. Sunscreens should be used year-round on the lips with two applications 1 hour before sun exposure, and hourly reapplication while in the sun. If the convenience of a "lipstick" product is not important to the patient, then a skin product of the liquid or gel type should be used. If the appearance is not important, a white opaque cream containing titanium dioxide, talc, or zinc oxide may be used as a physical barrier. Women may use an opaque lipstick, but should first apply a chemical sunscreen of at least SPF 15.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) <69> UI - 86027435 AU - Stephens RG AU - Kogon SL AU - Reid JA TI - Prescription radiography. A new concept for radiation protection in dental practice. SO - Journal / Canadian Dental Association. Journal de l Association Dentaire Canadienne 1985 Sep;51(9):672-9 <70> UI - 86003360 AU - Lachapelle-Harvey D AU - Sevigny J TI - Multiple regression analysis of dental status and related food behaviour of French Canadian adolescents. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1985 Aug;13(4):226-9 AB - Variables included in a theoretical model of the caries process have been studied in an adolescent population. Four multiple regression analyses were performed to uncover significant explanatory factors for: DMF(T) index, plaque index, frequency of sweets consumption between meals and frequency of sweets consumption at meals. Each analysis produced a significant R2 explaining respectively 29%, 15%, 74% and 62% of the variance. The results demonstrated the contribution of the different factors included in the proposed model. They suggested that plaque index was by far the most significant factor of the DMF(T) index. Sweets consumption was a significant determinant of caries experience independent of any relation to plaque index. Adolescent girls, even with less plaque accumulation, had a higher caries index than boys of the same age. Parent's education was related to dental status of children at time of adolescence. <71> UI - 86001937 AU - Douglass CW AU - Gammon MD TI - The future need for dental treatment in Canada. SO - Journal / Canadian Dental Association. Journal de l Association Dentaire Canadienne 1985 Aug;51(8):583-90 <72> UI - 86012766 AU - Laufer G AU - Haber S TI - Numerical analysis of the thermochemical tooth damage induced by laser radiation. SO - Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 1985 Aug;107(3):234-9 AB - A numerical model is developed to predict zones of thermochemical tooth damage induced by laser radiation. Particular attention is devoted to pulp denaturation, enamel fracture and caries sterilization treatment dependence on laser energy and other beam parameters. <73> UI - 85297533 AU - Peterson S AU - Woodhead J AU - Crall J TI - Caries resistance in children with chronic renal failure: plaque pH, salivary pH, and salivary composition. SO - Pediatric Research 1985 Aug;19(8):796-9 AB - We studied properties of saliva and of dental plaque which affect the caries process in an effort to understand the low prevalence of caries in patients with chronic renal failure. Plaque pH, before and following carbohydrate exposure, saliva pH, and saliva composition were evaluated in children and adolescents with chronic renal failure (n = 10) and successful renal transplantation (n = 11), and in two comparison groups of healthy children with few caries (n = 15) and numerous caries (n = 15). Salivary urea nitrogen concentration was elevated in all subjects with elevated serum urea nitrogen concentration. Chronic renal failure subjects had significantly higher salivary urea nitrogen concentration than transplanted subjects. Plaque pH correlated directly with salivary urea nitrogen concentration and was significantly more alkaline in chronic renal failure than transplant or comparison groups. Salivary urea nitrogen concentration accounted for the majority of variability in plaque pH; salivary pH and salivary phosphorous contributed negligibly. Absolute pH drop following carbohydrate exposure did not differ among groups, but because baseline plaque pH was elevated for chronic renal failure subjects, minimum pH did not attain cariogenic levels. Our data support the hypothesis that the relative paucity of caries in patients with chronic renal failure results from alteration of plaque by metabolic end products of urea metabolism. Our data further suggest that transplanted patients whose renal function is normal may be at increased risk of caries, especially if enamel hypoplasia is present and oral hygiene is poor. <74> UI - 85292812 AU - Frazier PJ TI - Priorities to preserve fluoride uses: rationales and strategies. SO - Journal of Public Health Dentistry 1985 Summer;45(3):149-76 AB - Well-planned, new initiatives are required to preserve fluoride uses, especially water fluoridation. Discussed are barriers to fluoride promotion, evidence about public and health-care providers' knowledge and opinions about fluoride use and decision making, implications of sources of public information on fluorides, consequences to professionals and the public of being misinformed about fluorides, and four general strategies for promoting fluorides under varying conditions. Educational and political initiatives must be appropriate to state needs and conditions. Four broad categories of actions include: diagnosis and planning for education/promotion; public and professional education under both noncontroversial and controversial conditions, political persuasion where required, and changing the context of fluoridation decision making to prevent public referenda on public health measures. <75> UI - 85292468 AU - Kolmakow S AU - Pranen M TI - Determining the caries at-risk child: Part III. The relationship between morphology of maxillary dentition and occurrences of focal demineralization lesions and caries. SO - Journal of Pedodontics 1985 Summer;9(4):312-21 <76> UI - 85290240 AU - Pitts NB AU - Renson CE TI - Reproducibility of computer-aided image-analysis-derived estimates of the depth and area of radiolucencies in approximal enamel. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1985 Oct;64(10):1221-4 AB - In vivo studies of caries progression from serial bite-wing radiographs require the reproducible detection and measurement of approximal radiolucencies in enamel; the aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of a new computer-aided image analysis method. Three series of radiographs depicting natural caries lesions were employed: films of 11-12-year-old (Hounslow) schoolchildren, dental students from Hong Kong (HKDS), and extracted Hong Kong teeth (EXT). Each surface was "searched" three times, resulting in data from 450, 600, and 180 searches, respectively. Lesion detection was consistent for all but two of the 1230 searches. Average values for the standard error of the mean (SEM) of triple determinations of depth % were between 2.0 and 3.5%, while the mean SEM for area was from 0.03 to 0.04 mm2. Average test/re-test correlations ranged from 0.963 to 0.871 for depth and from 0.963 to 0.884 for area, while average reliability coefficients ranged from 0.937 to 0.821 for depth and 0.963 to 0.886 for area. There was a significant difference (P less than 0.001) between the reproducibility of the two clinical series, with measurements of the Hounslow lesions being more consistent. When compared with the reproducibility of attempts to grade radiolucency size visually, the image analysis method appears to offer considerable advantages, in that consistent estimates of radiolucency size are now possible. This method may facilitate more sensitive assessments of the behavior of lesions over time than has hitherto been possible. <77> UI - 85290205 AU - Purdell-Lewis DJ AU - van de Poel AC TI - The effect of a decreasing prevalence of dental caries on the future teaching curriculum. SO - Journal of Dentistry 1985 Jun;13(2):160-5 <78> UI - 85281743 AU - Kolehmainen L AU - Heinonen OP AU - Haapakoski J TI - Caries prediction and its evaluation in 13 to 15 year-old schoolchildren. SO - Community Dental Health 1985 Mar;2(1):15-21 <79> UI - 85252330 AU - Elderton RJ TI - Six-monthly examinations for dental caries. [Review] [30 refs] SO - British Dental Journal 1985 May 25;158(10):370-4 <80> UI - 85273068 AU - Kullman L AU - Martinsson T TI - Computerized registration of epidemiological data from intraoral radiographs. SO - Swedish Dental Journal 1985;9(3):89-96 AB - Software was developed for graphic registration of epidemiological dental data from intraoral radiographs. The measured variables included marginal bone level in relation to tooth and root length as well as proximal caries and restoration areas. Caries and peridontitis progress nowadays slowly in large populations. Registration methods must, therefore, offer high precision. The hard and software were first tested. After that the method's reliability or precision was studied. The precision of measuring marginal bone level as a per cent of total tooth or root length was found to vary between 0.3-4.3. The corresponding precision of measuring a caries area in relation to the whole crown area was 1.4%. Precision was also divided into its components and analysed in more detail. All registered tooth variables except the angle between the proximal marginal bone and the root surface gave satisfactory results indicating good reliability. <81> UI - 85254069 AU - Ripa LW TI - The current status of pit and fissure sealants. A review. [Review] [183 refs] SO - Journal / Canadian Dental Association. Journal de l Association Dentaire Canadienne 1985 May;51(5):367-75, 377-80 <82> UI - 85262231 AU - Essig ME AU - Bodden WR AU - Bradley EL Jr AU - Koulourides T AU - Housch T TI - Enamel microhardness change and plaque pH measurements in an intra-oral model in humans. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1985 Aug;64(8):1065-8 AB - Changes in plaque pH and microhardness of bovine enamel slabs were evaluated with a seven-day intra-oral cariogenicity test (ICT). The test enamel slabs were mounted in prosthetic appliances with a Dacron mesh cover for enhancement of microbial colonization. Three percent solutions of sucrose, sorbitol, and xylitol were evaluated as four daily extra-oral immersions of 10 min each, for seven days, and the results were compared with baseline experiments (no daily immersions). The pH was measured with antimony electrodes on one-day and seven-day ICT plaque samples that were challenged with a one-minute immersion in the studied substrates. Plaque samples in the baseline experiments were challenged with 3% sucrose. The enamel softening was assessed with measurements of microhardness. Sucrose challenge caused pH depression with both the baseline and the sucrose-immersed plaque. Sorbitol and xylitol challenge did not depress the plaque pH. Compared with the baseline, sucrose immersions caused enamel softening; sorbitol and xylitol did not. <83> UI - 85274722 AU - Smith GE TI - Fluoride and bone: an unusual hypothesis. SO - Xenobiotica 1985 Mar;15(3):177-86 AB - Given the total body weight, the weight of the skeleton and the proportion of minerals in the skeleton, a simple formula can be used to estimate the accumulation of fluoride in the skeleton over periods of years. It would appear that daily intakes of fluoride considered beneficial to developing teeth may, if ingested throughout adult life, lead to skeletal fluorosis of varying degrees in a significant proportion of the population. To date, the accumulation of fluoride in the skeleton seems to have been ignored as a possible aetiological factor in certain metabolic bone disorders now common in the middle-aged and elderly. The unusual hypothesis put forward in this paper suggests that a daily intake of fluoride derived from a multiplicity of sources, and which is now generally considered as 'safe', may in fact be potentially harmful over long periods of time. <84> UI - 85237203 AU - Leverett DH AU - Sveen OB AU - Jensen OE TI - Weekly rinsing with a fluoride mouthrinse in an unfluoridated community: results after seven years. SO - Journal of Public Health Dentistry 1985 Spring;45(2):95-100 AB - In the fall of 1975, 1,915 children in grades K through eight began a school-based program of supervised weekly rinsing with 0.2 percent aqueous solution of sodium fluoride in an unfluoridated community in the Finger Lakes area of upstate New York. At baseline and annually thereafter, a random sample of children in grades K through 11 received clinical dental caries examinations. The prevalence of dental caries by grade at each of the follow-up dental examinations was compared to the grade-specific prevalence of dental caries at baseline. Overall, there was a decline of 57.8 percent in prevalence of caries in permanent teeth after seven years of rinsing. Among children in grades K through five, there was a decline of 35.4 percent in the prevalence of caries in primary teeth during the same time period. Tenth and eleventh grade children, after not rinsing for one and two years, respectively, continued to show the same trend toward lower caries prevalence as active rinsers. Caries prevalence among seventh and eighth graders after seven years of rinsing was not significantly different from caries prevalence among seventh and eighth grade lifetime residents of a nearby fluoridated community. A decline in the prevalence of caries in primary teeth among kindergartners prior to rinsing suggests that factors in addition to the mouthrinse program may have contributed to the decline in caries prevalence. <85> UI - 85235219 AU - Anonymous TI - Dentistry in the future. SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1985;Spec No:68-70, 73 <86> UI - 85244582 AU - Smith GE TI - Toxicity of fluoride-containing dental preparations: a review. [Review] [72 refs] SO - Science of the Total Environment 1985 May;43(1-2):41-61 <87> UI - 85245231 AU - Rundegren J AU - van Dijken J AU - Mornstad H AU - von Knorring L TI - Oral conditions in patients receiving long-term treatment with cyclic antidepressant drugs. SO - Swedish Dental Journal 1985;9(2):55-64 AB - The function of the salivary glands, the caries situation, and pathological alterations of the oral mucosa of 32 patients, 20 dentulous and 12 edentulous, who had received long-term treatment (median 5.5 years) with cyclic antidepressant drugs were studied. Anamnestic information on dry mouth problems was recorded. Although a normal secretion rate for stimulated saliva was recorded in about 50% of the patients all but four complained over dry mouth. The majority of the patients had low values of salivary buffer capacity, high numbers of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in the saliva, and poor oral hygiene. All except two patients had received dental care a year or less before the time of examination. Nevertheless 72% of the patients showed pathological alterations of their oral mucosa and 55% of the dentulous patients had new caries lesions. From an evaluation of the caries risk it was concluded that about half of the dentulous patients had a high caries risk, which seemed to be emphasized if combinations of psychotherapeutic drugs were used. It is recommended that patients receiving treatment with antidepressant drugs should be given an individually related dental prophylactic programme. <88> UI - 85218421 AU - Rolla G AU - Scheie AA AU - Ciardi JE TI - Role of sucrose in plaque formation. [Review] [31 refs] SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1985 Apr;93(2):105-11 AB - Results are presented which support the concept that the bacterial enzyme glucosyltransferase (GTF) plays a crucial role in sucrose induced plaque formation. GTF was shown to adhere strongly to anionic, hydrophobic and polysaccharide solid materials, and to be able to produce glucans in the adsorbed state. It appears conceivable that GTF adsorb to teeth and produce glucans. Glucan chains on the surface of the bacteria and glucans on the tooth surfaces interact (pack) and form a strong binding mechanism. The rigid alpha 1,3 linked glucans produced by Streptococcus mutans are particularly suited for interaction of this kind. This mechanism could account for sucrose-induced binding of bacteria to enamel, pellicle covered enamel and preformed plaque. S. mutans would adhere particularly strongly to tooth surfaces in the presence of sucrose, according to this model. [References: 31] <89> UI - 85216430 AU - Nordblad A AU - Larmas M TI - A three-year study of caries prevalence, incidence and risk ages in cohorts of schoolchildren in Espoo, Finland. SO - Proceedings of the Finnish Dental Society 1985;81(1):11-6 <90> UI - 85216431 AU - Nordblad A AU - Larmas M TI - Timing of the first attack of caries on the permanent teeth in cohorts of schoolchildren in Espoo, Finland. SO - Proceedings of the Finnish Dental Society 1985;81(1):17-23 <91> UI - 85201567 AU - Nordblad A AU - Larmas M TI - A 3-year longitudinal caries study of permanent tooth surfaces at risk in Finnish school children. SO - Caries Research 1985;19(3):271-7 <92> UI - 85208617 AU - Margolis HC AU - Moreno EC AU - Murphy BJ TI - Importance of high pKA acids in cariogenic potential of plaque. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1985 May;64(5):786-92 AB - Through the use of computer simulation, it is shown that anions of high pKA acids (e.g., acetic, propionic, butyric), present in resting plaque fluid, act as effective buffers during the production of stronger acids (e.g., lactic) by oral micro-organisms. Using reported organic acid compositions for plaque, obtained from caries-resistant and caries-susceptible individuals, analyzed at various times following sucrose exposure, it is shown that the calculated pH values of the aqueous phase of plaque describe typical Stephan curves. Furthermore, it is shown that for higher acid anion contents in resting plaque, a higher degree of saturation of the aqueous plaque phase with respect to enamel is maintained during acid production, resulting in a lower demineralization potential of plaque. Enamel demineralization experiments conducted in vitro confirmed the significance of the results of the computer simulations, thus providing evidence for a correlation between the known metabolic activity of plaque (organic acid composition), physical chemistry of plaque, and caries susceptibility. <93> UI - 85198515 AU - Theuns HM AU - van Dijk JW AU - Driessens FC AU - Groeneveld A TI - Effect of time, degree of saturation, pH and acid concentration of buffer solutions on the rate of in-vitro demineralization of human enamel. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1985;30(1):37-42 AB - The rate of demineralization of the artificial caries-like process was measured using two methods. The rate calculated from microradiography of the demineralized enamel appeared to be equal to the one calculated from calcium and phosphate analysis of the demineralizing buffer. In small volumes of demineralizing solution, the rate of demineralization decreased with time, due to the increase in saturation of the solution during the demineralization of the enamel. With increasing saturation, with respect to hydroxyapatite, and with increasing pH the rate of demineralization decreased. Increasing acid concentration had a marked influence only at the lower concentrations; a further increase had no effect on the rate of demineralization. <94> UI - 85178129 AU - Widenheim J AU - Lindgren G AU - Granath L AU - Birkhed D TI - Model for the study of the preeruptive effect of NaF tablets on caries in permanent teeth. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1985 Apr;13(2):86-92 AB - The purpose of this study was to elaborate a model for estimating the caries-reducing effect of a preventive measure with due consideration of background factors. The material comprised 50 children, who had consumed NaF tablets regularly during preschool age, and 76 comparable children who had never consumed NaF tablets. They were all examined at 12 and 13 yr of age. Information on caries and, as confounding factors, dietary habits, oral hygiene and microbiologic variables, was obtained on both occasions. Correlations between the parameters and caries, their discriminating effects and interaction between them were studied. The results showed that correction for confounding diminished the crude caries-reducing effect of NaF tablets. Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli turned out to be the strongest confounders to discriminate well as single variables and to behave logically in analyses of interaction. Therefore, these factors are recommended in the first place for inclusion in a correction model. If the material is sufficiently large for a further breakdown, oral hygiene (represented by bleeding on probing) could be added. The model will be used in future studies of the preeruptive effect of NaF tablets on caries in permanent teeth in the same population. <95> UI - 85159990 AU - Offenbacher S AU - Weathers DR TI - Effects of smokeless tobacco on the periodontal, mucosal and caries status of adolescent males. SO - Journal of Oral Pathology 1985 Feb;14(2):169-81 AB - The use of smokeless tobacco (ST) products, such as snuff and chewing tobacco, was investigated in a school population of 565 males with a mean age of 13.8 years. All students completed a tobacco usage questionnaire and were given intraoral examinations by a team of dentists to determine the possible relationship of ST usage to the presence of gingivitis, gingival recession, mucosal pathology and caries. The overall prevalence of ST usage was 13.3%, which was much higher than the 1.4% prevalence of cigarette smoking. Pairwise chi square analysis revealed that there was no relationship between ST usage and the prevalence of gingivitis, but that the prevalence of gingival recession was significantly elevated in ST users, P less than 0.001. The odds of having gingival recession were 9 times greater in the students using smokeless tobacco as compared to healthy, non-user cohorts. ST usage did not affect the prevalence of gingival recession in students without gingivitis. The frequency of occurrence of soft tissue pathology was significantly elevated, about 6-fold in students who used smokeless tobacco, as compared to non-users, P less than 0.01. This was principally due to the increased prevalence of white mucosal lesions in smokeless tobacco users. However, there was no attributable risk for mucosal pathology in ST users who were free of gingivitis. Similarly, the use of smokeless tobacco was associated with a 1.6-fold elevation in mean DMF in students with gingivitis, P less than 0.001, but this increase in caries experience was not seen in ST users who were free of gingivitis. In summary, in students with clean mouths that were free of gingivitis, the use of smokeless tobacco was not associated with a change in the prevalence of gingival recession, mucosal pathology, or in the mean DMF score. In contrast, smokeless tobacco usage was a significant risk factor in individuals with co-existing gingivitis, associated with a marked increase in the prevalence of gingival recession, mucosal pathology and caries experience. <96> UI - 85132095 AU - Mallon DE AU - Mellberg JR TI - Analysis of dental hard tissue by computerized microdensitometry. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1985 Feb;64(2):112-6 AB - One method of quantitating mineral content in thin sections of dental hard tissue is microdensitometry of contact radiographs. This method is often applied to analysis of artificial caries lesions. Because there is great inter- and intra-tooth variability, a single microdensitometric scan will not accurately reflect the content or distribution of mineral within an individual lesion, or within a group of lesions. To increase the number of replicates than can be handled routinely, a computer-driven microdensitometer has been used with a step series of aluminum and enamel to quantitate mineral content values at approximately 1-micron intervals. Accurate assessment of an individual lesion was made possible by averaging multiple scans of the lesion on each of several thin sections prepared from the lesion. Mean mineral profiles of treatment groups were then made from the profiles of the individual lesion. These data reduction techniques allowed for a large number of replicates to be used in the measurement of remineralization. The computerized microdensitometric system described here was developed to allow for an objective, quantitative analysis of the mineral content of dental hard tissue. <97> UI - 85125844 AU - Espelid I AU - Tveit A AU - Haugejorden O AU - Riordan PJ TI - Variation in radiographic interpretation and restorative treatment decisions on approximal caries among dentists in Norway. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1985 Feb;13(1):26-9 AB - Of a random sample of dentists in Norway (n = 741), 83% responded to a questionnaire about their use of radiographs in and their opinions and knowledge about the diagnosis of approximal caries. There was great disparity in criteria for initiation of restorative treatment of approximal caries based on radiographic appearance. Two thirds of the dentists would do restorative treatment of lesions confined to enamel, the others would wait until lesions had reached the dentin before treatment was commenced. The criteria for restoration based on radiographic appearance was best correlated with the dentists' opinions about cavity formation. About 20% of the variation in criteria among dentists was explained by the radiographic appearance dentists associated wih the presence of a cavity. The majority of the dentists believed that approximal caries progressed faster than is indicated by progression studies. The interval between recall examinations using radiographs was not consistently shorter for dentists who decided to carry out operative caries treatment at a relatively advanced stage. <98> UI - 85094151 AU - Richmond VL TI - Thirty years of fluoridation: a review. SO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1985 Jan;41(1):129-38 AB - Fluoride contributes to stability of both teeth and bones and to reduction of caries, especially if ingested before eruption of teeth. Reduction of caries continues at about 60% in persons drinking fluoridated water only as long as fluoride washes over teeth. One-half the population of the US does not have access to water with an optimal fluoride concentration of about 1 mg/L. Misinformation about fluoridation contributes to reluctance of communities to supplement the natural but inadequate fluoride of those water supplies. Fluoridation of water has no positive or negative effect on incidence or mortality rates due to cancer, heart disease, intracranial lesions, nephritis, cirrhosis, mongoloid births, or from all causes together. The collective decision to increase the natural fluoride content of water supplies is not an infringement of civil rights, nor does it establish a precedent in the binding sense of the law. Supplemental fluoride in water makes it available to all members of the community in a safe, practical, economical and reliable manner. Fluoridation saves money in dental costs and time lost from work. Fluoridation is an appropriate action of government in promoting the health and welfare of society. <99> UI - 85298191 AU - Kleemola-Kujala E TI - Dental caries in children in relation to its determinants. An epidemiological study of Finnish rural children. SO - Proceedings of the Finnish Dental Society 1984;80 Suppl 6:1-81 <100> UI - 85205075 AU - Sala C AU - Bernabeo F AU - Colombo G AU - Invernizzi E AU - Meneghel G TI - Dimethylformamide risk. An evaluation in the production of artificial organic leather. SO - Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro 1984 May-Jul;6(3-4):143-8 AB - This study aimed to evaluate the exposure to DMF during the different stages in the production of synthetic polyurethanic leathers. Environmental surveys and biological surveillances were carried out in order to classify the working areas and the tasks of the employees as regards DMF-risk. Design improvements to reduce, as far as possible, environmental pollution are discussed. <101> UI - 85198507 AU - Tyler JE AU - Poole DF TI - Uptake of fluoride by human surface enamel from ammonium bifluoride and consequent reduction in the penetration in vitro by caries-like lesions. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1984;29(12):971-4 AB - In-vitro fluoride uptake by mid-coronal, premolar enamel surfaces from topically-applied solutions of NH4HF2 was determined using a multi-electrode system for fluoride and calcium analyses. In tooth surfaces dehydrated with 100 per cent ethanol before the topical application of 1 per cent aqueous NH4HF2, there was a 2-3-fold increase in fluoride concentration up to a depth of 50 microns and fluoride enhancement to a total depth of 100 microns into the enamel. Caries-like lesions were induced in vitro in both treated and untreated enamel by the use of acidified, 6 per cent hydroxymethyl-cellulose gel containing 0.04 per cent hydroxyapatite at pH 4.5. After 120 days exposure, the mean depth of lesion penetration in the controls was 149 (+/- 34) microns. No lesions occurred in half the treated specimens; in specimens with lesions, the mean depth of penetration was 19 (+/- 3) microns. Thus, NH4HF2 was a potent inhibitor of caries-like lesion formation in vitro. <102> UI - 85125830 AU - Pliskin JS AU - Shwartz M AU - Grondahl HG AU - Boffa J TI - Reliability of coding depth of approximal carious lesions from non-independent interpretation of serial bitewing radiographs. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1984 Dec;12(6):366-70 AB - In order to help understand the effectiveness of preventive care and the source of variation in treatment decisions, it is important to determine intra- and interexaminer agreement on the presence and depth of radiolucencies on bitewing radiographs when serial radiographs on individuals are available for interpretation. Serial radiographs on 24 subjects were read in succession, and one of four depth codes was assigned to approximal lesions. The radiographs were then read a second time, both by the person who had initially read the radiographs and by a second reader. Intraexaminer agreement on presence of a lesion ranged from 60% to 90%; four of the five readers had an agreement of over 78%. Interexaminer agreement on presence of a lesion ranged from 71% to 84%. Intraexaminer agreement on depth of lesion ranged from 64% to 80%; four readers had an agreement of over 73%. Interexaminer agreement on depth of lesion ranged from 59% to 76%. <103> UI - 85125835 AU - Persson LA AU - Stecksen-Blicks C AU - Holm AK TI - Nutrition and health in childhood: causal and quantitative interpretations of dental caries. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1984 Dec;12(6):390-7 AB - The aim of the present study was to suggest a causal model of dental caries and to discuss some quantitative interpretations of this model. Three age groups of children (4, 8 and 13 yr) from three different areas in Sweden were included. The caries status of the children was examined. A 7-day record (4-and 8-yr-olds) and a dietary history (13-yr-olds) were used to estimate food intake. Sociodemographic data and data of caries preventive measures were obtained from parents/children. A causal model of dental caries is suggested and some quantitative interpretations are made by means of path analyses. Hypothetical examples of results of changes in caries determinants are given. <104> UI - 85129546 AU - Chau KK TI - Dentistry in Hong Kong: a look into the past and a glimpse of the future. SO - International Dental Journal 1984 Dec;34(4):249-52 AB - To meet the needs of a population numbering 5.3 million Hong Kong has, until now, relied upon training of their dentists in other countries. A net decline in manpower, predicted 10 years ago, has now become an increase of 85 per cent. Early in 1985, the first graduates will emerge from the new dental school and will make further manpower available. The water in Hong Kong has been fluoridated since 1961. Since then there has been a substantial reduction in dental caries but the treatment need still remains very high. A recent pilot study has shown that both the prevalence and severity of destructive periodontal disease are causes for considerable concern. <105> UI - 85129550 AU - Ross CB TI - Oral health status and tradition in New Zealand. SO - International Dental Journal 1984 Dec;34(4):266-70 AB - New Zealand in the 1930's faced a very high prevalence of caries, particularly in children, and much edentulousness in adults of all ages. There was a very large unmet treatment requirement. This led to the development of two state funded delivery systems--for children by the School Dental Service, and for adolescents by the Dental Benefit Scheme. The treatment of adults was provided in the private sector. A study in 1976 determined the standard of oral health and the treatment needs, and examined public attitudes. Comparison with previous data showed a remarkable reduction in the prevalence of caries and in the level of edentulousness. Children and adolescents had little untreated decay (D = 1.3), few extractions and large numbers of restored teeth (F = 11.9). Adults still had a high level of edentulousness. Generalized gingivitis was present in 6 per cent of the young adult group and in 20 per cent of older adults. Polynesians, the lesser educated and low socio-economic groups had more periodontal disease at all ages. Two of the goals for the year 2000 should be achieved by 1988: i.e. 50 per cent of 5-year-olds should be caries-free and 12-year-olds should have a DMFT of less than 3. Two more goals should be reached by the year 2000, i.e. 85 per cent of those aged 18 should retain all their teeth and there should be a 50 per cent reduction in edentulousness in the age group 34-44.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) <106> UI - 85107544 AU - Kolmakow S AU - Nyyssonen V AU - Honkala E AU - Paunio I TI - Determining the caries at-risk child: Part II--Assessment of initial caries in the permanent dentition of children. SO - Journal of Pedodontics 1984 Fall;9(1):67-76 <107> UI - 85107543 AU - Kolmakow S AU - Nyyssonen V AU - Honkala E TI - Determining the caries at-risk child: Part I--Focal demineralization in children's teeth. SO - Journal of Pedodontics 1984 Fall;9(1):58-66 <108> UI - 85095563 AU - Brown KA TI - Dental identification of unknown bodies. SO - Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 1984 Jan;13(1):3-7 AB - Dental identification of unknown bodies is a well known and widely used method of identification and is especially valuable when other means of identification such as visual recognition and finger prints are not possible. Traditionally, dental identification essentially depends on a comparison of the dental restorations present in the teeth of the deceased with the dental records of a missing person. Difficulties are encountered in some cases when either or both of these elements are not sufficiently available to permit reliable identification. Serious damage to or complete destruction of restorations and disintegration of dental tissues as the result of extreme environmental changes, failure to recover all teeth and their included restorations, and incomplete dental records may frustrate the identification process. An ominous challenge to dental identification however, is the result of the dramatic improvement in dental health in many countries due to the implementation of public health measures such as fluoridation with a consequent reduction in dental caries and restorations. This paper offers some suggestions which may help to overcome some of these difficulties and explores some applications of new technology to the problems of dental identification in the future. <109> UI - 85031255 AU - Douglass CW AU - Gammon MD TI - The epidemiology of dental caries and its impact on the operative dentistry curriculum. SO - Journal of Dental Education 1984 Oct;48(10):547-55 AB - Existing demographic and epidemiologic data are used to project the number of hours of operative dentistry treatment needed by all age groups in the year 2000. The findings suggest that calls to reduce the operative dentistry curriculum because of a decline in the need for single tooth restorative services may be premature, despite the recent caries decline in children and adolescents. The need for operative dentistry treatment is projected to increase until the 21st century, and the nature of this need has implications for the content of operative dentistry curricula. <110> UI - 85024699 AU - Theuns HM AU - van Dijk JW AU - Driessens FC AU - Groeneveld A TI - The influence of the composition of demineralizing buffers on the surface layers of artificial carious lesions. SO - Caries Research 1984;18(6):509-18 <111> UI - 85013692 AU - Pitts NB TI - Detection and measurement of approximal radiolucencies by computer-aided image analysis. SO - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1984 Sep;58(3):358-66 AB - Serial standardized bitewing radiography permits monitoring of the development of approximal carious lesions. A quantitative method using image-analysis techniques was developed. Only certain types of hardware proved capable of processing this complex image adequately. A computer-aided, software-driven, TV-based system incorporating an image memory, recursive filtration, and 256 gray-level resolution, which can both detect and measure approximal enamel radiolucencies produced by natural carious lesions, has been developed. The radiolucent boundary is delineated, displayed, and plotted to scale. For the first time, objective values for depth, area, width, perimeter, and "degree of radiolucency" can be automatically derived. Currently the system is seen as a tool in caries research; in the future such systems may have wider applications. <112> UI - 85007731 AU - Clarkson BH AU - Wefel JS AU - Miller I TI - A model for producing caries-like lesions in enamel and dentin using oral bacteria in vitro. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1984 Oct;63(10):1186-9 AB - Subsurface enamel lesions and root surface caries-like lesions were consistently produced in vitro using Streptococcus mutans FA1 cultured in thioglycollate broth containing 3.5% w/v dextrose and 2% w/v gelatin. When viewed in polarized light and after imbibition in water, the enamel lesions had a negatively birefringent surface zone and positively birefringent body of the lesion. Those lesions produced after six weeks, after imbibition in quinoline, exhibited a dark zone. The root surface caries-like lesions exhibited a less-radiolucent surface zone above a heavily demineralized body of the lesion. However, no reactionary dentin was seen in the in vitro lesions. <113> UI - 85000214 AU - Merrett MC AU - Elderton RJ TI - An in vitro study of restorative dental treatment decisions and dental caries. SO - British Dental Journal 1984 Aug 25;157(4):128-33 <114> UI - 84306751 AU - Shwartz M AU - Grondahl HG AU - Pliskin JS AU - Boffa J TI - A longitudinal analysis from bite-wing radiographs of the rate of progression of approximal carious lesions through human dental enamel. SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1984;29(7):529-36 AB - Four to ten years of serial bite-wing radiographs from over 700 children from five groups, three in Sweden and two in the U.S., were interpreted. By analysing changes in the depth of unfilled lesions over time, the mean time and probability distribution for the time a lesion remains in both the outer half and inner half of the enamel were estimated. The procedure incorporated information on filled lesions and non-progressing lesions and thus minimized bias that results in overestimation of the progression rate. In primary teeth, in both the U.S. and Swedish groups, it took on average 12 months for a lesion to progress through the outer half of the enamel and on average 10-12 months for a lesion to progress through the inner half. In newly-erupted first permanent molars, it took 21-23 months for a lesion to progress through the outer half of the enamel and between 19 (U.S. data) and 28 months (Swedish data) for progression through the inner half. In older adolescents in the two Swedish groups, progression was slower: 38-41 months through the outer-half and 47-56 months through the inner-half. In older U.S. adolescents, progression appeared to be more rapid: 16 months through the outer half of the enamel and 27 months through the inner half. The duration of time a lesion remains in different halves of the enamel could be approximated by a piecewise exponential or exponential probability distribution, which exhibits extreme variability. Assuming duration in each half of the enamel follows an exponential distribution with a mean of 2 yr, about 10 per cent of new lesions will progress through the enamel in one year and 25 per cent in two years. However, over 40 per cent of the lesions will not have progressed in 4 yr. There were no consistent differences in the rate of progression by sex, between upper and lower dentitions, for premolars versus molars, or between high and low-risk individuals. <115> UI - 84279706 AU - Darvell BW AU - Pitts NB TI - A mathematical model for the progression of approximal carious lesions through enamel. SO - Australian Dental Journal 1984 Apr;29(2):111-5 <116> UI - 84238426 AU - Nyman S AU - Bratthall D AU - Bohlin E TI - The Swedish dental health programme for adults. SO - International Dental Journal 1984 Jun;34(2):130-4 AB - The Swedish dental health programme for adults provides guidelines for the prevention of caries and periodontal disease. Swedish dentists are recommended to follow the principles of the programme, which was issued by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. The article describes the background, the preparation and the content of the programme. <117> UI - 84246518 AU - Thomson ME AU - Dever JG AU - Pearce EI TI - Intra-oral testing of flavoured sweetened milk. SO - New Zealand Dental Journal 1984 Apr;80(360):44-6 <118> UI - 84240562 AU - Chow LC AU - Brown WE TI - A physicochemical bench-scale caries model. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1984 Jun;63(6):868-73 AB - A diffusion cell comprising two compartments separated by a commerical membrane of known ion permselectivity was used as an experimental model to study factors which may affect caries formation. One compartment (the "lesion") contained an excess of hydroxyapatite or fluorapatite crystals, and its solution was kept near saturation by stirring. An unsaturated acidic calcium phosphate solution flowed continuously through the other compartment (the "plaque-saliva"), thus providing the driving force for dissolution of the crystals as modified by the permeability of the membrane and/or the presence of fluoride. Calcium, phosphate, fluoride, and chloride concentrations, pH, and membrane potential were measured at steady state. The permselective character of the membrane profoundly affected the solution in the "lesion": The initial Ca/P ratio of 1.6 was shifted, at steady state, to less than 1.1 ("neutral" membrane), to less than 0.48 (cation-permselective membrane), and to 3.3 (anion-permselective membrane). All the membranes caused Ca and PO4 concentrations in the "lesion" to increase (e.g., with the cation-permselective membrane, the Ca 22-fold and the PO4 75-fold). Substantial membrane potentials were encountered in all cases. The pH of the steady-state solution was always less than before diffusion was initiated; the average decrease was 1.1 units. In every case, the pH, and the Ca and PO4 concentrations of the F- -containing solution were less than those in the F- -free solution. The changes induced by the "neutral" membrane were unexpectedly large. In two cases, H3PO4 was diffusing against its chemical potential gradient at steady state. The results are relevant for understanding and for modeling of the caries process. <119> UI - 84205060 AU - Schachtele CF AU - Harlander SK TI - Will the diets of the future be less cariogenic?. [Review] [49 refs] SO - Journal / Canadian Dental Association. Journal de l Association Dentaire Canadienne 1984 Mar;50(3):213-9 <120> UI - 84213517 AU - Briner WW TI - How is it decided when to conduct a large-scale caries clinical trial?. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1984 May;63 Spec No:715-8 <121> UI - 84213463 AU - Anonymous TI - Dental sealants in the prevention of tooth decay. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference statement. SO - Journal - Connecticut State Dental Association 1984 May;58(2):62-9 <122> UI - 84205062 AU - Bohannan HM AU - Bader JD TI - Future impact of public health and preventive methods on the incidence of dental caries. [Review] [45 refs] SO - Journal / Canadian Dental Association. Journal de l Association Dentaire Canadienne 1984 Mar;50(3):229-233 <123> UI - 84213526 AU - Kingman A TI - Stratification methods in caries clinical trials. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1984 May;63 Spec No:773-7 <124> UI - 84213532 AU - Brunelle JA TI - Use and misuse of computers in the design and analysis of dental clinical trials. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1984 May;63 Spec No:820-4 <125> UI - 84213611 AU - Dugoni AA TI - Our future is fantastic. SO - Journal of the American College of Dentists 1984 Spring;51(1):28-34 <126> UI - 84178855 AU - Anonymous TI - Dental sealants in the prevention of tooth decay. NIH Consensus Development Conference summary. SO - British Dental Journal 1984 Apr 21;156(8):295-8 <127> UI - 84196122 AU - Honkala E AU - Nyyssonen V AU - Kolmakow S AU - Lammi S TI - Factors predicting caries risk in children. SO - Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1984 Apr;92(2):134-40 AB - Selection of caries-risk groups is difficult and unreliable. In this study we analyzed the known correlates of caries and their interrelations. The subjects (n = 153) were seventh graders (13 yr old) from a school in Kuopio. Data were collected by mail survey (n = 150), from the clinical registers of the local health center (n = 135), and from a saliva test. In the first stage we computed the bivariate correlates between the D-index and its traditionally defined determinants. In the second stage the predictors of caries risk were ranked using discriminant and multiple regression analyses. The bivariate correlates of caries were: DMF-index of the previous year (r = 0.69), D-index of the previous year (r = 0.59), lactobacillus count (r = 0.26), buffer capacity (r = 0.20), and toothbrushing frequency (r = 0.07). In discriminant analyses the DMF-index among girls and the frequency of consumption of sweets among boys were the only significant discriminators. In the multiple regression analyses, however, the final model (P less than 0.001) for girls included: DMF-index of the previous year (beta = 0.64) and lactobacillus count (beta = 0.31). The corresponding model for boys (P less than 0.001) included: DMF-index of the previous year (beta = 0.55) and frequency of consumption of sweets (beta = 0.24). Using these variables, it is difficult to develop a reliable method for determining the caries susceptible groups, but of them, the DMF-index seems the most reliable for predicting caries risk among children. <128> UI - 84157654 AU - Shwartz M AU - Pliskin JS AU - Grondahl HG AU - Boffa J TI - Use of the Kaplan-Meier estimate to reduce biases in estimating the rate of caries progression. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1984 Apr;12(2):103-8 AB - An important determinant of how often to perform dental radiography is how rapidly dental caries progress. Estimates of the rate of progression of dental caries have been biased by the elimination of filled lesions and non-progressing lesions (i.e. censored data) from the analysis. We illustrate the use of the Kaplan-Meier estimate to incorporate information from these cases and demonstrate the effect of using this information on estimates of the rate of progression of approximal caries. <129> UI - 84157667 AU - Adler P AU - Szabo Z TI - Mathematical description and use in forecasting of the caries curve. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1984 Apr;12(2):96-102 AB - Caries curves drawn from empirical prevalences (DMFT counts) of US and Hungarian males as well as females, and British male-female combined samples were satisfactorily described by the transformed truncated Cauchy function: y = 1 + c [-1/2 + 1/pi arc tan (a x + b)]. The parameters a, b, and c, respectively, were determined by a computer with the least squares' method. Of these descriptive models, prevalences at specified ages (covered in the original reports) were read, and additionally the half-life values and maximum yearly relative increments of decay (with the age of their occurrence). The mean deviation of all individual readings in the five models from the observed prevalences was 3.6% only. In each sample, thereafter, relying upon empirical DMF counts in only five juvenile cohorts, analogous models, referred to as predictory, were constructed by the computer, and their extrapolated right tails were compared both with the empirical DMF counts and with the descriptive models.Slight deviations were experienced, the mean deviation of all readings from the empirical counts being 4.5%. Accordingly, predictions of future caries prevalence (in later adolescence in the US samples, and adulthood in all five ones) were feasible relying on DMFT counts. By the predictory models a trend to improving dental health was demonstrated in the American samples (based on the 1971-74 survey) whereas for the other three populations a further rise of caries prevalence was forecast in adults. Merits and limitations of such predictions as well as an improved new procedure used in the comparisons ("penalty points method"), taking into account clinical requirements, were discussed. <130> UI - 84163062 AU - Anonymous TI - Consensus development conference statement on dental sealants in the prevention of tooth decay. National Institutes of Health. SO - Journal of the American Dental Association 1984 Feb;108(2):233-6 <131> UI - 84136601 AU - Anonymous TI - National Institutes of Health Consensus Development conference Statement. Dental sealants in the prevention of tooth decay. SO - Journal of Dental Education 1984 Feb;48(2 Suppl):126-31 <132> UI - 84136600 AU - Silverstone LM TI - State of the art on sealant research and priorities for further research. SO - Journal of Dental Education 1984 Feb;48(2 Suppl):107-18 <133> UI - 84231791 AU - Rowland M TI - Carcinogenic risk of basic fuchsin [letter]. SO - British Dental Journal 1983 Sep 10;155(5):145 <134> UI - 84226196 AU - Lichton IJ AU - Bullard LR AU - Sherrell BU TI - A conspectus of research on nutritional status in Hawaii and western Samoa--1960-1980 with references to diseases in which diet has been implicated. [Review] [75 refs] SO - World Review of Nutrition & Dietetics 1983;41:40-75 <135> UI - 84127632 AU - Carr LM TI - Dental health of children in Australia 1977-1982. SO - Australian Dental Journal 1983 Oct;28(5):269-76 <136> UI - 84083188 AU - Mileman P AU - Purdell-Lewis D AU - van der Weele L TI - Effect of variation in caries diagnosis and degree of caries on treatment decisions by dental teachers using bitewing radiographs. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1983 Dec;11(6):356-62 AB - Nine teachers of clinical dentistry were presented with 12 pairs of duplicated bitewings on four different occasions. At the first two examinations they indicated the presence of caries in need of treatment and at the second two the degree of caries. The diagnostic sessions were repeated to measure reproducibility. A norm for the validity of degree of enamel caries and for the estimation of specificity and sensitivity of the diagnostic categories was applied. The teachers saw on average less caries and less deep caries than the norm. Variability by the teachers was especially large between examinations for enamel lesion categories. There was a mean of 69% agreement by the teachers with their own treatment indication criteria. Over recording of treatment need (mean 19%, SD 20%) and under recording (mean 36%, SD 17%) occurred at the same viewing periods. Using Cohen's kappa, it was found that despite their variation and inaccuracy this group of teachers should select caries in dentin as the teaching criterion for treatment need. It is suggested that the sensitivity and specificity with which dental practitioners can use a criterion should be taken into account firstly when selecting it, and secondly when choosing the frequency of radiographic screening. <137> UI - 84088500 AU - Douglass CW AU - McNeil BJ TI - Clinical decision analysis methods applied to diagnostic tests in dentistry. SO - Journal of Dental Education 1983 Nov;47(11):708-14 <138> UI - 84094060 AU - Cohen ME AU - Cecil JC 3d AU - Rocha T AU - McCarthy TP TI - Dental recall based on caries risk. SO - Military Medicine 1983 Dec;148(12):928-31 <139> UI - 84055223 AU - Theuns HM AU - van Dijk JW AU - Driessens FC AU - Groeneveld A TI - Effect of time and degree of saturation of buffer solutions on artificial carious lesion formation in human tooth enamel. SO - Caries Research 1983;17(6):503-12 <140> UI - 84027546 AU - Nuttall NM TI - Capability of a national epidemiological survey to predict general dental service treatment. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1983 Oct;11(5):296-301 AB - The aim of this investigation was to examine the relationship between the dental status of tooth surfaces, as recorded during the 1978 Adult Dental Health Survey, and the treatment dental attenders subsequently received. A year after the survey, almost twice as many surfaces had been filled than were predicted on the basis of the survey. After 3 yr, this had risen to a 3.5-fold difference. Despite this, 59% of the restorative need identified by the survey criteria remained unmet by the end of the 1st yr; 46% was unmet by the end of the 3rd yr. A surface that received a filling for the first time was three times more likely to have been identified as in need of filling during the survey than a surface which was refilled. These findings cast doubt upon the usefulness of the epidemiological survey as a tool for predicting restorative treatment, and show that maintenance of previous fillings was particularly poorly forecast by the survey data. <141> UI - 84051919 AU - van Dijk JW AU - Borggreven JM AU - Driessens FC TI - Diffusion in mammalian tooth enamel in relation to the caries process. [Review] [25 refs] SO - Archives of Oral Biology 1983;28(7):591-7 AB - For the rate of demineralization of enamel during caries, three physicochemical processes are of importance: the diffusion into and out of the enamel, the dissolution of mineral and the complexation of ions. The interpretation of diffusion experiments in conjunction with artificial caries experiments and computer simulations is described. In the caries process, relevant diffusion coefficients of small ions and molecules are of the order of magnitude 10(-9)--10(-7) cm2 s-1. [References: 25] <142> UI - 83266458 AU - Smith MR AU - Rule JT TI - Estimates of the gain in power utilizing transformations of DMFS scores. SO - Journal of Dental Research 1983 Sep;62(9):992-6 AB - More than 100,000 clinical caries trials were simulated utilizing the negative binomial distribution on a UNIVAC 1100 computer. In each trial, the raw data and logarithmic transformed data were analyzed using a standard t test analysis. The results were summarized as estimates of the power functions for each case. In almost all cases, the transformed data gave greater power than did the untransformed data. In several common situations, the differences were dramatic. <143> UI - 83244685 AU - Imfeld TN TI - Identification of low caries risk dietary components. SO - Monographs in Oral Science 1983;11:1-198 <144> UI - 83236880 AU - Babu JP AU - Simpson WA AU - Courtney HS AU - Beachey EH TI - Interaction of human plasma fibronectin with cariogenic and non-cariogenic oral streptococci. SO - Infection & Immunity 1983 Jul;41(1):162-8 AB - The interaction of purified human plasma fibronectin (Fn) with bacteria was studied with a variety of oral streptococci. Each of the strains of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus mitis tested was aggregated by Fn to various degrees, depending on the concentration of Fn added to the test mixtures. Binding assays performed with radiolabeled Fn and various strains of streptococci demonstrated various capabilities to bind Fn, and the amount of Fn bound by each strain was paralleled by its Fn-induced aggregation, with S. mutans 6715 giving the highest values in both assays. Because of the avid binding of Fn by certain strains of potentially cariogenic streptococci, we investigated the possibility that Fn may be present in human saliva and may be adsorbed from saliva onto artificial tooth pellicles. Immunoreactive Fn was detected in paraffin-stimulated whole saliva by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of saliva adsorbed onto gelatin-coated cuvettes and by immunoelectroblots (Western blots) of salivary components separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gels. Furthermore, immunoreactive Fn was found to be present in artificial tooth pellicles formed by incubating hydroxyapatite beads with whole human saliva. These results demonstrate that certain strains of oral streptococci bind to and are aggregated by Fn. The presence of Fn in artificial tooth pellicles suggests that this macromolecule may play a role in the attachment of potentially cariogenic and other oral streptococci to dental tissues. <145> UI - 83212081 AU - Ainamo J TI - The monitoring process and its importance for achievement of the global goals for oral health by the year 2000. SO - International Dental Journal 1983 Mar;33(1):79-89 AB - The establishing of the global goals for oral health in the year 2000 automatically implies an increased need to collect epidemiological data on various oral health problems in the specified age groups of the world's population. Baseline data for 1980 on dental caries in the young age groups and on the prevalence of edentulousness among adults are available only in some countries. Where baseline data are available, continuous surveillance at suitable time intervals is required to monitor changes in oral health. Where baseline data are not available, the main emphasis should be put upon clarification of the present situation. In this review, data on recent changes in oral health in some European industrialized countries are used to evaluate future trends. The predictions seem promising for the young age groups which, without difficulty, should be able to surpass the specified global goal by the year 2000. The proposed 50 per cent reduction in edentulousness at age 35-44 also seems to be realistic. The goal which will be difficult to achieve, at least for both the United Kingdom and Finland, is the 25 per cent reduction in edentulousness in the age group of 65 years and over. This part of the population may prove to be the 'lost generation' with regard to oral health. In developing countries very little information is available on this age group. It is concluded that the need to monitor will in itself initiate world-wide activity in epidemiological research. Monitoring is important not only because it provides data on the current situation but also because it is the only known way to predict the probable extent of future improvements in oral health. <146> UI - 83181285 AU - Cohen ME AU - Cecil JC TI - Applicability of multiple covariance analysis in caries studies. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1983 Apr;11(2):102-4 AB - The relationship between pre- and posttreatment DMFS measures in clinical trials of dentifrices may be quadratic rather than linear and, if linear, the slope may differ from one. Given either of these eventualities the traditional DMFS increment measurement does not utilize all the information available in the pre-DMFS baseline score. If nonlinearity is present, analysis of multiple covariance with parameters derived from a polynomial regression is indicated. <147> UI - 83130898 AU - deShazer DO TI - The future of dentistry. Part I. SO - Chronicle 1983 Jan;46(1):5, 14 <148> UI - 84024165 AU - Makinen KK AU - Scheinin A TI - Xylitol and dental caries. [Review] [105 refs] SO - Annual Review of Nutrition 1982;2:133-50 <149> UI - 83130389 AU - Rise J AU - Haugejorden O AU - Birkeland JM TI - Relationship between caries prevalence and incidence among adolescents. SO - Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1982 Dec;10(6):340-4 AB - The purpose of this study was 1) to determine the strength and direction of the association between caries prevalence at 13-14 years of age and subsequent caries increments and 2) to assess the goodness of fit of a multivariate model to caries increments from age 13 1/2 to 20. Two sets of data were used. The first consisted of treatment records for 114 children from an incremental dental care program. They were divided into high and low caries prevalence groups at ages 13 and 14 and 2-and 3-year caries increments were calculated. Unstandardized regression coefficients and Pearson's r were used to determine the relationship between baseline caries prevalence and subsequent caries increments. This relationship was consistently positive in the low prevalence group, but changed to negative in the high prevalence group. This change of direction is most likely attributabl